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Topic · Electrical and Electronic Engineering

graph theory and CDMA systems

graph theory and CDMA systems is a research topic within Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Science Explorer counts 34k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the research and development of Optical Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, particularly emphasizing topics such as Fiber Bragg Grating, Spectral Amplitude Coding, Security Performance against eavesdropping, Coherent and Incoherent Systems, Rank Modulation for Flash Memories, Latin Squares, Photonic Routers, Error Correction techniques, Orthogonal Codes, and Wavelength-Time Codes.

  • Fiber Bragg Grating
  • Spectral Amplitude Coding
  • Security Performance
  • Coherent and Incoherent Systems
  • Rank Modulation
  • Latin Squares
  • Photonic Routers
  • Error Correction
  • Orthogonal Codes
  • Wavelength-Time Codes
Research works
34k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
3.4k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+8%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
36% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
graph theory and CDMA systems

Which countries lead graph theory and CDMA systems research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (956 and 455 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 956 works
  2. 2 United States 455 works
  3. 3 India 445 works
  4. 4 Russia 151 works
  5. 5 Japan 128 works
  6. 6 France 120 works
  7. 7 Germany 119 works
  8. 8 Italy 116 works
  9. 9 United Kingdom 104 works
  10. 10 Canada 98 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 35.5%United States: 16.9%India: 16.6%Russia: 5.6%6 others listed: 25.4%36%largest
China956 · 35.5%United States455 · 16.9%India445 · 16.6%Russia151 · 5.6%6 others listed685 · 25.4%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead graph theory and CDMA systems research?

By volume in 2022-now, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique publishes the most graph theory and CDMA systems research, followed by Russian Academy of Sciences and Hefei University of Technology.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 45 works
  2. 2 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 43 works
  3. 3 Hefei University of TechnologyChina 21 works
  4. 4 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 19 works
  5. 5 Beijing Jiaotong UniversityChina 19 works
  6. 6 Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussia 16 works
  7. 7 Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChina 16 works
  8. 8 Bulgarian Academy of SciencesBulgaria 15 works
  9. 9 University of WaterlooCanada 15 works
  10. 10 Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChina 15 works

Who are the leading researchers in graph theory and CDMA systems?

The most-cited researchers publishing on graph theory and CDMA systems include Eric S. Lander, Kai You Wang and Edward Hartley Sargent.

  1. 1 Eric S. Lander United States 524k citations
  2. 2 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  3. 3 Edward Hartley Sargent Canada 185k citations
  4. 4 Michael Weller Switzerland 172k citations
  5. 5 H. Vincent Poor United States 165k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in graph theory and CDMA systems?

The most cited paper in graph theory and CDMA systems is "Identity-Based Cryptosystems and Signature Schemes" (Adi Shamir, 2007), with 6,693 citations. Next come "A Method for the Construction of Minimum-Redundancy Codes" (6,391) and "Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms" (4,322).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Identity-Based Cryptosystems and Signature Schemes Adi Shamir · Lecture notes in computer science Conference paper 12 Aug 2007 6,693
2 A Method for the Construction of Minimum-Redundancy Codes David A. Huffman · Proceedings of the IRE Sep 1952 6,391
3 Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms David Chaum · Communications of the ACM Open access Feb 1981 4,322
4 Factoring polynomials with rational coefficients A. K. Lenstra, Hendrik W. Lenstra, László Lovász · Mathematische Annalen Open access Dec 1982 4,058
5 Combinatorial optimization:Algorithms and complexity L. R. Rabiner · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing Dec 1984 3,595
All 98 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is graph theory and CDMA systems research done?

The largest centres of graph theory and CDMA systems research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Nanjing (China), Moscow (Russia) and Guangzhou (China).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 128 works
  2. 2 NanjingChina 63 works
  3. 3 MoscowRussia 61 works
  4. 4 GuangzhouChina 50 works
  5. 5 HefeiChina 49 works
  6. 6 ShanghaiChina 49 works
  7. 7 ChengduChina 49 works
  8. 8 ChennaiIndia 49 works
  9. 9 Xi'anChina 46 works
  10. 10 TokyoJapan 41 works
See graph theory and CDMA systems on the map

Where is the best place to study graph theory and CDMA systems?

Among universities, judged by research, Hefei University of Technology, Tohoku University and Southwest Jiaotong University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 19.3%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Tohoku UniversitySouthwest Jiaotong U…Hefei University of …Beijing Jiaotong Uni…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Hefei University of TechnologyChina 71.913.7%10.6×21 +197.0%
2Tohoku UniversityJapan 69.433.0%5.1×12 +7.7%
3Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChina 68.423.1%5.4×15 +13.5%
4Beijing Jiaotong UniversityChina 62.713.4%8.6×19 +13.8%
5Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurIndia 60.528.5%6.8×12 +553.9%
6Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChina 59.027.0%6.7×10 +397.0%
7Hubei UniversityChina 57.617.2%17.5×12 +1.3%
8University of WaterlooCanada 57.58.2%7.7×15 +46.1%
9Nankai UniversityChina 55.914.2%6.0×14 +18.4%
10Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChina 55.114.7%6.9×16 +14.3%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in graph theory and CDMA systems, country by country

Is graph theory and CDMA systems research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 8% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2011. The fastest-growing topics are graph theory and CDMA systems.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is graph theory and CDMA systems as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.020% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%graph theory and CDMA systems0.017% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of graph theory and CDMA systems over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%graph theory and CDMA systems10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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