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Topic · Pollution

Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts is a research topic within Pollution. Science Explorer counts 43k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the occurrence, impact, and removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic environments and wastewater. It explores the presence of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic contaminants, as well as their effects on microbial communities and ecological systems. The cluster also delves into the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, horizontal gene transfer, and the environmental risks associated with antibiotic pollution.

  • Antibiotics
  • Resistance Genes
  • Wastewater Contaminants
  • Aquatic Environment
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Environmental Impact
  • Microbial Communities
  • Removal Methods
  • Ecotoxicity
  • Horizontal Gene Transfer
Research works
43k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
4.2k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+20%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
50% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

Which countries lead Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts research?

By volume, China and India publish the most (4.1k and 936 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 4.1k works
  2. 2 India 936 works
  3. 3 United States 850 works
  4. 4 Brazil 496 works
  5. 5 Spain 378 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 312 works
  7. 7 Germany 310 works
  8. 8 Italy 286 works
  9. 9 France 283 works
  10. 10 Canada 222 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 49.9%India: 11.5%United States: 10.4%Brazil: 6.1%6 others listed: 22.0%50%largest
China4,065 · 49.9%India936 · 11.5%United States850 · 10.4%Brazil496 · 6.1%6 others listed1,792 · 22.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts research, followed by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Tongji University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 271 works
  2. 2 Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina 134 works
  3. 3 Tongji UniversityChina 109 works
  4. 4 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 85 works
  5. 5 Zhejiang UniversityChina 74 works
  6. 6 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina 67 works
  7. 7 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSpain 63 works
  8. 8 Harbin Institute of TechnologyChina 57 works
  9. 9 Hohai UniversityChina 51 works
  10. 10 Indian Council of Agricultural ResearchIndia 50 works

Who are the leading researchers in Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts include Rob Knight, Simon Iain Hay and Peer Bork.

  1. 1 Rob Knight United States 468k citations
  2. 2 Simon Iain Hay United States 452k citations
  3. 3 Peer Bork Germany 396k citations
  4. 4 Jeremy Grimshaw Canada 281k citations
  5. 5 John C. Morris United States 241k citations
  6. 6 Didier Raoult France 232k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts?

The most cited paper in Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts is "Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Streams, 1999−2000: A National Reconnaissance" (Dana W. Kolpin, Edward T. Furlong, Michael T. Meyer et al., 2002), with 7,962 citations. Next come "Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test" (7,423) and "Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances" (6,274).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Streams, 1999−2000: A National Reconnaissance Dana W. Kolpin, Edward T. Furlong, Michael T. Meyer et al. · Environmental Science & Technology Mar 2002 7,962
2 Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test Bruce N. Ames, Joyce McCann, Edith F. Yamasaki · Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects Dec 1975 7,423
3 Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances Irith Wiegand, Kai Hilpert, Robert E. W. Hancock · Nature Protocols 17 Jan 2008 6,274
4 A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human Anroop Balachandran Nair, Shery Jacob · Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy Open access 2016 6,160
5 Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review Matthew Cole, Pennie Lindeque, Claudia Halsband et al. · Marine Pollution Bulletin Open access 17 Oct 2011 6,043
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts research done?

The largest centres of Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Nanjing (China), Guangzhou (China) and Hangzhou (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Overland Park.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 814 works
  2. 2 NanjingChina 319 works
  3. 3 GuangzhouChina 262 works
  4. 4 HangzhouChina 217 works
  5. 5 ShanghaiChina 210 works
  6. 6 WuhanChina 133 works
  7. 7 TianjinChina 122 works
  8. 8 QingdaoChina 109 works
  9. 9 HarbinChina 107 works
  10. 10 ParisFrance 86 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. Overland ParkUS · 21.7 works53×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts than the world average.

See Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts on the map

Where is the best place to study Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts?

Among universities, judged by research, Tongji University, Harbin Institute of Technology and South China Normal University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 21.67%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Hunan UniversityHarbin Institute of …South China Normal U…Tongji University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Tongji UniversityChina 71.315.2%6.6×109 +37.4%
2Harbin Institute of TechnologyChina 70.223.0%3.2×57 +38.5%
3South China Normal UniversityChina 67.522.9%7.5×28 +57.7%
4Hunan UniversityChina 66.428.1%2.8×21 +15.2%
5University of Hong KongChina 64.026.9%1.4×14 +3.3%
6Nankai UniversityChina 63.720.1%5.2×38 +60.5%
7Guangdong University of TechnologyChina 62.323.1%4.2×25 +22.3%
8South China Agricultural UniversityChina 62.016.6%11.8×44 +20.3%
9Zhejiang UniversityChina 60.713.7%2.6×74 +38.5%
10Saveetha UniversityIndia 60.527.1%1.4×15 +566.6%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts, country by country

Is Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 20% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2022. The fastest-growing topics are Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.049% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%0.060%Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts0.046% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts9.8% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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