Retirement, Disability, and Employment
Retirement, Disability, and Employment is a research topic within Demography. Science Explorer counts 27k research works in it since 1950. 28.6% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.
This cluster of papers explores the impact of retirement on the aging workforce, including topics such as health effects, employment patterns, social security programs, age discrimination, bridge employment, work motivation, and retirement adjustment.
- Retirement
- Aging Workforce
- Health Effects
- Employment Patterns
- Social Security Programs
- Age Discrimination
- Bridge Employment
- Work Motivation
- Labor Force Participation
- Retirement Adjustment
- Research works
- 27k fractional, since 1950
- In the world top 10%
- 7.7k per year above
- Top-10% rate
- 28.6% share of its works in the world top 10%
- Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
- +14% the tick is no change
Which countries lead Retirement, Disability, and Employment research?
By volume, the United States and China publish the most (1.3k and 317 works in 2022–2025).
By volume, 2022–2025
- 1 United States 1.3k works
- 2 China 317 works
- 3 United Kingdom 289 works
- 4 Germany 220 works
- 5 Australia 207 works
- 6 Canada 169 works
- 7 Brazil 163 works
- 8 Spain 157 works
- 9 Netherlands 132 works
- 10 India 129 works
How concentrated that is
The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.
Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.
Which institutions lead Retirement, Disability, and Employment research?
By volume in 2022–2025, University of Michigan publishes the most Retirement, Disability, and Employment research, followed by University of Toronto and University College London.
By volume, 2022–2025
- 1 University of MichiganUnited States 24 works
- 2 University of TorontoCanada 23 works
- 3 University College LondonUnited Kingdom 20 works
- 4 The University of SydneyAustralia 20 works
- 5 University of Massachusetts BostonUnited States 20 works
- 6 IZA - Institute of Labor EconomicsGermany 20 works
- 7 Sapienza University of RomeItaly 18 works
- 8 University of Wisconsin–MadisonUnited States 16 works
- 9 The University of MelbourneAustralia 16 works
- 10 National Bureau of Economic ResearchUnited States 15 works
Who are the leading researchers in Retirement, Disability, and Employment?
The most-cited researchers publishing on Retirement, Disability, and Employment include Mika Kivimäki, Arnold B. Bakker and Richard Blundell.
- 1 Mika Kivimäki United Kingdom 6.7k citations
- 2 Arnold B. Bakker Netherlands 6k citations
- 3 Richard Blundell United Kingdom 5.2k citations
- 4 Tea Lallukka Finland 3.8k citations
Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.
Where is Retirement, Disability, and Employment research done?
The largest centres of Retirement, Disability, and Employment research in 2022–2025 are Beijing (China), London (United Kingdom), Washington D.C. (United States) and Seoul (South Korea). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Helsinki and Bonn.
Largest cities, 2022–2025
- 1 Beijing China 82 works
- 2 London United Kingdom 82 works
- 3 Washington D.C. United States 72 works
- 4 Seoul South Korea 68 works
- 5 New York United States 60 works
- 6 Boston United States 54 works
- 7 Tokyo Japan 50 works
- 8 Melbourne Australia 46 works
- 9 Sydney Australia 43 works
- 10 Toronto Canada 43 works
Where it is the local speciality
- HelsinkiFI · 41.4 works7.7×
- BonnDE · 24.9 works6.9×
Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Retirement, Disability, and Employment than the world average.
Where is the best place to study Retirement, Disability, and Employment?
Among universities, judged by research, Tilburg University, Stockholm University and University of Groningen score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.
One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.
| # | University | Score | Top 10% | Specialisation | Works | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tilburg UniversityNetherlands | 65.1 | 42.5% | 15.9× | 13 | -34.1% |
| 2 | Stockholm UniversitySweden | 64.9 | 38.6% | 8.3× | 13 | +72.3% |
| 3 | University of GroningenNetherlands | 53.5 | 45.4% | 3.8× | 9 | +120.2% |
| 4 | London School of Economics and Political ScienceUnited Kingdom | 52.3 | 32.9% | 7.9× | 9 | +73.9% |
| 5 | Virginia Commonwealth UniversityUnited States | 50.5 | 31.1% | 8.1× | 13 | -11.2% |
| 6 | Karolinska InstitutetSweden | 50.4 | 20.2% | 6.6× | 14 | +80.4% |
| 7 | University College LondonUnited Kingdom | 49.1 | 19.7% | 3.0× | 20 | +149.7% |
| 8 | The University of SydneyAustralia | 48.0 | 26.8% | 4.2× | 20 | +10.2% |
| 9 | University of MichiganUnited States | 47.8 | 19.7% | 3.7× | 24 | +88.0% |
| 10 | The University of MelbourneAustralia | 47.1 | 33.4% | 3.4× | 16 | +19.7% |
Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.
Is Retirement, Disability, and Employment research growing?
Output in 2018–2022 was 14% higher than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2024. The fastest-growing topics are Retirement, Disability, and Employment.
The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.
Which topics inside it are moving
Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.