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Research in California

Science Explorer records 1 research institutions in California, United States. The highest-ranked on research quality in 2022-now are California University of Pennsylvania.

Research institutions
1
1 of them ranked worldwide
Research works
25k
▲ 4% vs 2018-21
Citations
727k
29.0 per fractional work, all time
Top-10% rate, 2022-now
14.8%
all institutions 10.0%
Active span
1950-2026
77 years on the record
California

A city carries no overall standing here. The quality score is built for institutions and countries, the units its floors and field normalisation were designed around. An empty rank on this page is a statement about the measure, not about the place.

Which research institutions are in California?

#InstitutionWorksAgainst the largest hereWorld rank
1California University of PennsylvaniaUniversity 25,080 #1,216

By fractional works over the whole record; world rank on research quality in 2022-now. Bars are scaled to the largest institution in this city, not to anything off the page.

Which fields of science does California work in?

In 2022-now, 49% of research in California is in Social Sciences, 26% in Physical Sciences. Its largest fields are Social Sciences (25%), Medicine (14%), Computer Science (10%). It does 2.0× the world's share of Social Sciences.

Social Sciences: 1,580 fractional works · 48.7% of its workSocial Sciences: 807 fractional works · 24.9% of its workSociology and Political Science: 264 fractional works · 8.1% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 158 fractional works · 4.9% of its workEducation: 100 fractional works · 3.1% of its workAnthropology: 52 fractional works · 1.6% of its workGender Studies: 32 fractional works · 1.0% of its workCultural Studies: 27 fractional works · 0.8% of its workSafety Research: 25 fractional works · 0.8% of its workDemography: 25 fractional works · 0.8% of its workCommunication: 24 fractional works · 0.7% of its workLaw: 21 fractional works · 0.6% of its workLinguistics and Language: 14 fractional works · 0.4% of its workGeography, Planning and Development: 14 fractional works · 0.4% of its workHealth: 13 fractional works · 0.4% of its workUrban Studies: 11 fractional works · 0.3% of its workTransportation: 8 fractional works · 0.2% of its workGeneral Social Sciences: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 13 fractional works · 0.4% of its workArts and Humanities: 307 fractional works · 9.5% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 54 fractional works · 1.7% of its workHistory: 48 fractional works · 1.5% of its workHistory and Philosophy of Science: 35 fractional works · 1.1% of its workPhilosophy: 33 fractional works · 1.0% of its workLanguage and Linguistics: 32 fractional works · 1.0% of its workArcheology: 26 fractional works · 0.8% of its workClassics: 23 fractional works · 0.7% of its workVisual Arts and Performing Arts: 17 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMusic: 12 fractional works · 0.4% of its workReligious studies: 12 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMuseology: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 6 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPsychology: 201 fractional works · 6.2% of its workClinical Psychology: 57 fractional works · 1.7% of its workExperimental and Cognitive Psychology: 54 fractional works · 1.7% of its workSocial Psychology: 47 fractional works · 1.5% of its workDevelopmental and Educational Psychology: 31 fractional works · 1.0% of its workApplied Psychology: 10 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 112 fractional works · 3.4% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 89 fractional works · 2.8% of its workFinance: 15 fractional works · 0.5% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 8 fractional works · 0.2% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 81 fractional works · 2.5% of its workStrategy and Management: 23 fractional works · 0.7% of its workAccounting: 21 fractional works · 0.6% of its workOrganizational Behavior and Human Resource Management: 14 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMarketing: 8 fractional works · 0.3% of its workManagement of Technology and Innovation: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 8 fractional works · 0.2% of its workDecision Sciences: 72 fractional works · 2.2% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 30 fractional works · 0.9% of its workGeneral Decision Sciences: 24 fractional works · 0.7% of its workInformation Systems and Management: 14 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 4 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPhysical Sciences: 829 fractional works · 25.6% of its workComputer Science: 338 fractional works · 10.4% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 171 fractional works · 5.3% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 44 fractional works · 1.3% of its workInformation Systems: 28 fractional works · 0.9% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 25 fractional works · 0.8% of its workComputer Science Applications: 24 fractional works · 0.7% of its workComputational Theory and Mathematics: 13 fractional works · 0.4% of its workHuman-Computer Interaction: 10 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSignal Processing: 8 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 15 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEngineering: 193 fractional works · 5.9% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 56 fractional works · 1.7% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 42 fractional works · 1.3% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 17 fractional works · 0.5% of its workComputational Mechanics: 13 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMechanical Engineering: 13 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAerospace Engineering: 11 fractional works · 0.3% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 8 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMedia Technology: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 26 fractional works · 0.8% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 101 fractional works · 3.1% of its workAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics: 29 fractional works · 0.9% of its workAstronomy and Astrophysics: 27 fractional works · 0.8% of its workStatistical and Nonlinear Physics: 15 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNuclear and High Energy Physics: 12 fractional works · 0.4% of its workRadiation: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 10 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMaterials Science: 54 fractional works · 1.7% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 31 fractional works · 1.0% of its workPolymers and Plastics: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workBiomaterials: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 10 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEnvironmental Science: 48 fractional works · 1.5% of its workHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis: 13 fractional works · 0.4% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 17 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMathematics: 32 fractional works · 1.0% of its workStatistics and Probability: 14 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 18 fractional works · 0.5% of its workChemistry: 27 fractional works · 0.8% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 12 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 14 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 23 fractional works · 0.7% of its workAtmospheric Science: 8 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 15 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEnergy: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.1% of its workChemical Engineering: 4 fractional works · 0.1% of its workHealth Sciences: 545 fractional works · 16.8% of its workMedicine: 448 fractional works · 13.8% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 47 fractional works · 1.5% of its workPulmonary and Respiratory Medicine: 38 fractional works · 1.2% of its workEpidemiology: 37 fractional works · 1.1% of its workSurgery: 34 fractional works · 1.1% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 33 fractional works · 1.0% of its workPhysiology: 33 fractional works · 1.0% of its workNeurology: 27 fractional works · 0.8% of its workPsychiatry and Mental health: 24 fractional works · 0.7% of its workOncology: 18 fractional works · 0.6% of its workCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine: 17 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health: 13 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPathology and Forensic Medicine: 12 fractional works · 0.4% of its workRheumatology: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workInfectious Diseases: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workGenetics: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHealth Informatics: 8 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 79 fractional works · 2.4% of its workHealth Professions: 85 fractional works · 2.6% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 59 fractional works · 1.8% of its workSmaller subfields together: 26 fractional works · 0.8% of its workNursing: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workDentistry: 3 fractional works · 0.1% of its workVeterinary: 2 fractional works · 0.1% of its workLife Sciences: 290 fractional works · 8.9% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 127 fractional works · 3.9% of its workMolecular Biology: 70 fractional works · 2.2% of its workGenetics: 27 fractional works · 0.8% of its workCancer Research: 8 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 22 fractional works · 0.7% of its workNeuroscience: 114 fractional works · 3.5% of its workCognitive Neuroscience: 77 fractional works · 2.4% of its workCellular and Molecular Neuroscience: 19 fractional works · 0.6% of its workNeurology: 11 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 8 fractional works · 0.2% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 23 fractional works · 0.7% of its workPlant Science: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 16 fractional works · 0.5% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 19 fractional works · 0.6% of its workImmunology: 15 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 5 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workALL ITS WORKCalifornia3,244fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences9%Physical Sciences26%Health Sciences17%Social Sciences49%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this city does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 26 fields, with their numbers
  1. Social Sciences1,58048.7%
    1. Social Sciences80724.9%
    2. Arts and Humanities3079.5%
    3. Psychology2016.2%
    4. Economics, Econometrics and Finance1123.4%
    5. Business, Management and Accounting812.5%
    6. Decision Sciences722.2%
    1. Computer Science33810.4%
    2. Engineering1935.9%
    3. Physics and Astronomy1013.1%
    4. Materials Science541.7%
    5. Environmental Science481.5%
    6. Mathematics321.0%
    7. Chemistry270.8%
    8. Earth and Planetary Sciences230.7%
    9. Energy90.3%
    10. Chemical Engineering40.1%
    1. Medicine44813.8%
    2. Health Professions852.6%
    3. Nursing70.2%
    4. Dentistry30.1%
    5. Veterinary20.1%
    1. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology1273.9%
    2. Neuroscience1143.5%
    3. Agricultural and Biological Sciences230.7%
    4. Immunology and Microbiology190.6%
    5. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics70.2%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What is California strongest at in research?

Relative to its size, research in California is most concentrated in General Decision Sciences, Classics and History and Philosophy of Science (45.8× the world share in General Decision Sciences).

  1. General Decision SciencesSubfield · 23.6 works46×
  2. ClassicsSubfield · 21.3 works13×
  3. History and Philosophy of ScienceSubfield · 30.2 works7.2×
  4. AnthropologySubfield · 44.8 works5.9×
  5. HistorySubfield · 42.4 works4.9×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient against the world baseline. Inside a single field a city is a meaningful unit, which is why this is where a city is measured at all.

The whole field profile

All 26 fields at once: above the ring is more than a place this size would be expected to do. A specialist and a generalist produce the same ranked list and a completely different shape.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.14× its world share, 18 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.61× its world share, 89 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.59× its world share, 16 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 1.98× its world share, 87 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.65× its world share, 6 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.31× its world share, 3 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 0.45× its world share, 19 worksChemistryComputer Science: 1.34× its world share, 283 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.42× its world share, 18 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 0.28× its world share, 7 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.41× its world share, 168 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 0.30× its world share, 40 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.42× its world share, 40 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.84× its world share, 27 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 1.36× its world share, 82 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 0.21× its world share, 3 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 1.03× its world share, 74 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.65× its world share, 339 worksMedicineNursing: 0.40× its world share, 5 worksNursingVeterinary: 0.27× its world share, 1 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 3.50× its world share, 274 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 0.86× its world share, 75 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 2.46× its world share, 65 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 1.75× its world share, 102 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 1.95× its world share, 161 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 2.07× its world share, 711 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Arts and Humanities, 3.5×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 26 fields, with their numbers
  1. Arts and Humanities3.50×274 works
  2. Decision Sciences2.46×65 works
  3. Social Sciences2.07×711 works
  4. Neuroscience1.98×87 works
  5. Psychology1.95×161 works
  6. Economics, Econometrics and Finance1.75×102 works
  7. Physics and Astronomy1.36×82 works
  8. Computer Science1.34×283 works
  9. Health Professions1.03×74 works
  10. Business, Management and Accounting0.86×75 works
  11. Mathematics0.84×27 works
  12. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.65×6 works
  13. Medicine0.65×339 works
  14. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.61×89 works
  15. Immunology and Microbiology0.59×16 works
  16. Chemistry0.45×19 works
  17. Earth and Planetary Sciences0.42×18 works
  18. Materials Science0.42×40 works
  19. Engineering0.41×168 works
  20. Nursing0.40×5 works
  21. Chemical Engineering0.31×3 works
  22. Environmental Science0.30×40 works
  23. Energy0.28×7 works
  24. Veterinary0.27×1 works
  25. Dentistry0.21×3 works
  26. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.14×18 works

Which keywords describe research in California?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Globalization, History, Nationalism, Religion, Gender, Identity, Culture and Colonialism.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this city's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization165▲ 2.6×104 topics
  2. Machine Learning124◆ 1.15×67 topics
  3. Deep Learning120◆ 1.07×69 topics
  4. Epidemiology108▼ 0.84×108 topics
  5. History92▲ 4.1×44 topics
  6. Neural Networks90▲ 1.79×34 topics
  7. Identity76▲ 3.2×56 topics
  8. Nationalism75▲ 5.1×30 topics
  9. Religion74▲ 4.9×31 topics
  10. Mental Health70▲ 1.50×38 topics
  11. Gender68▲ 3.9×43 topics
  12. Culture67▲ 4.0×32 topics
  13. Human Rights67▲ 2.0×50 topics
  14. Literature65▲ 3.7×48 topics
  15. Colonialism65▲ 4.2×39 topics
  16. Education64◆ 1.14×66 topics
  17. Social Media58▲ 1.29×29 topics
  18. Innovation52▲ 1.54×42 topics
  19. Philosophy51▲ 3.5×30 topics
  20. Feminism49▲ 5.2×20 topics
  21. Society48▲ 7.8×23 topics
  22. Neoliberalism47▲ 4.0×24 topics
  23. Emotion46▲ 6.9×12 topics
  24. Ethics43▲ 2.6×36 topics
  25. Politics41▲ 4.8×21 topics
  26. Democracy36▲ 3.2×21 topics
  27. Decision Making36▲ 3.8×9 topics
  28. Intersectionality33▲ 5.3×13 topics
  29. Corpus Linguistics32▲ 4.7×5 topics
  30. Discrimination29▲ 4.3×7 topics
  31. Topic Modeling28▲ 5.7×2 topics
  32. Cosmopolitanism28▲ 7.8×8 topics
  33. Machine Translation28▲ 5.1×2 topics
  34. Secularism27▲ 8.1×5 topics
  35. Empire26▲ 9.3×5 topics
  36. Race25▲ 6.5×17 topics
  37. Semantic Similarity24▲ 6.0×1 topic
  38. Word Representation24▲ 6.0×1 topic
  39. Risk Aversion24▲ 40×1 topic
  40. Time Discounting24▲ 40×1 topic

What research is done in California?

Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics: 24 fractional worksTopic Modeling22Topic Modeling: 22 fractional worksNatural Language Process…21Natural Language Processing Techniques: 21 fractional worksIslamic Studies and Hist…17Islamic Studies and History: 17 fractional worksMedieval Literature and History: 13 fractional worksSleep and related disorders: 12 fractional worksHistorical Studies and S…12Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis: 12 fractional worksOnline Learning and Analytics: 11 fractional worksChinese history and philosophy: 11 fractional worksMultilingual Education a…10Multilingual Education and Policy: 10 fractional works
General Decision SciencesArtificial IntelligencePolitical Science and International RelationsClassics5 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics General Decision Sciences 24 works
  2. 2 Topic Modeling Artificial Intelligence 22 works
  3. 3 Natural Language Processing Techniques Artificial Intelligence 21 works
  4. 4 Islamic Studies and History Political Science and International Relations 17 works
  5. 5 Medieval Literature and History Classics 13 works
  6. 6 Sleep and related disorders Experimental and Cognitive Psychology 12 works
  7. 7 Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis History and Philosophy of Science 12 works
  8. 8 Online Learning and Analytics Computer Science Applications 11 works
  9. 9 Chinese history and philosophy Sociology and Political Science 11 works
  10. 10 Multilingual Education and Policy Linguistics and Language 10 works

Research output over time

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting20%40%California14.4% in 2025all institutions10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 31.1% in 2002.

Discussion

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