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Azerbaijan vs Moldova

On research quality in 2022-now, Azerbaijan ranks #157 in the world and Moldova #159, of 189 countries. Azerbaijan stands higher in 15 of the 19 fields both publish in, Moldova in 4.

Research profiles alike: 0.58similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Azerbaijan

World rank, 2022-now
#157
#184 all time
Works, 2022-now
18k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
61%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Fuel Technology, Museology.

Moldova

World rank, 2022-now
#159
#170 all time
Works, 2022-now
7.3k
fractional
Top-10% rate
2.6%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
79%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Anatomy, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Azerbaijan leads on 6 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, international co-authorship and growth. Moldova leads on 1 of 9 measures: open access. The two are level on citations per work and institutions in the world top 100.

Azerbaijan 62 level1 Moldova
  1. #157Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#159
  2. 0.49×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.33×
  3. 18kOutputfractional works, 2022-now7.3k
  4. 5.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited2.6%
  5. 4.2Citations per workall time, per fractional work4.2
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 61%Open accessof its works free to read, all time79%
  8. 26%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time24%
  9. +105%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+29%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Azerbaijan stands higher in 15 of 19 fields, Moldova in 4. Azerbaijan leads most in Economics, Econometrics and Finance (#87 against #105); Moldova leads most in Environmental Science (#108 against #119). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Azerbaijan 154 Moldova
  1. #120Agricultural and Biological Sciences#112
  2. #88Arts and Humanities#96
  3. #101Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-
  4. #96Business, Management and Accounting#106
  5. #70Chemistry-
  6. #117Computer Science#123
  7. #72Decision Sciences-
  8. #73Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  9. #87Economics, Econometrics and Finance#105
  10. #68Energy-
  11. #108Engineering#126
  12. #119Environmental Science#108
  13. #104Health Professions#98
  14. #81Materials Science#84
  15. #71Mathematics-
  16. #148Medicine#142
  17. #67Physics and Astronomy-
  18. #101Psychology#104
  19. #120Social Sciences#142

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Azerbaijan rankMoldova rank Azerbaijan top 10%Moldova top 10% Azerbaijan worksMoldova works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #120 #112 4.3% 3.3% 1.1k 423
Arts and Humanities #88 #96 7.3% 3.5% 1.4k 343
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #101 - 3.1% - 407 -
Business, Management and Accounting #96 #106 8.0% 1.6% 569 350
Chemistry #70 - 3.6% - 439 -
Computer Science #117 #123 7.1% 2.8% 1.2k 478
Decision Sciences #72 - 6.8% - 219 -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #73 - 4.6% - 424 -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #87 #105 10.6% 1.6% 927 405
Energy #68 - 7.4% - 353 -
Engineering #108 #126 4.4% 2.2% 2.6k 578
Environmental Science #119 #108 6.8% 3.0% 688 345
Health Professions #104 #98 4.7% 2.7% 226 257
Materials Science #81 #84 6.2% 1.8% 786 204
Mathematics #71 - 7.0% - 518 -
Medicine #148 #142 3.2% 2.2% 1.5k 1.2k
Physics and Astronomy #67 - 11.0% - 524 -
Psychology #101 #104 4.6% 1.8% 525 303
Social Sciences #120 #142 6.2% 3.2% 3.3k 1.6k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Azerbaijan

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization1,178▲ 2.7×137 topics
  2. Sustainable Development1,057▲ 3.0×104 topics
  3. Climate Change962▲ 1.59×118 topics
  4. Sustainability956▲ 1.76×116 topics
  5. Education900▲ 2.4×109 topics
  6. Renewable Energy881▲ 2.7×57 topics
  7. Innovation866▲ 3.8×74 topics
  8. Economic Development658▲ 3.7×51 topics
  9. Cultural Heritage593▲ 5.0×32 topics
  10. Pedagogy588▲ 5.3×23 topics
  11. Artificial Intelligence530▲ 1.67×64 topics
  12. Language Teaching516▲ 8.7×8 topics
  13. Energy Efficiency494▲ 2.4×43 topics
  14. Digital Transformation461▲ 3.8×26 topics
  15. Teacher Training455▲ 3.3×24 topics
  16. Economic Growth412▲ 2.3×33 topics
  17. Educational Technologies398▲ 20×2 topics
  18. Digital Economy395▲ 8.8×19 topics
  19. Tourism Development393▲ 13×2 topics
  20. Language389▲ 7.1×13 topics
  21. Digital Education385▲ 12×7 topics
  22. Teaching Methods378▲ 11×9 topics
  23. Critical Thinking377▲ 15×5 topics
  24. Formative Assessment358▲ 19×2 topics
  25. Artistic Education350▲ 24×1 topic
  26. Student Competencies350▲ 24×1 topic
  27. Linguistics318▲ 9.0×7 topics
  28. Global Governance317▲ 5.9×22 topics
  29. Migration316▲ 4.2×26 topics
  30. Geopolitics269▲ 8.0×10 topics
  31. Ethnography263▲ 6.9×12 topics
  32. Sufism256▲ 25×2 topics
  33. Language Contact253▲ 12×6 topics
  34. Morphology241▲ 6.1×12 topics
  35. Folklore225▲ 20×3 topics
  36. Mythology223▲ 20×3 topics
  37. Etymology218▲ 21×2 topics
  38. Historical Phonology218▲ 21×2 topics
  39. Rituals215▲ 12×4 topics
  40. Storytelling215▲ 20×4 topics

Moldova

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainable Development524▲ 3.9×87 topics
  2. Globalization458▲ 2.7×111 topics
  3. Education415▲ 2.8×116 topics
  4. Human Rights413▲ 4.7×69 topics
  5. Climate Change381▲ 1.64×108 topics
  6. Innovation361▲ 4.1×71 topics
  7. Epidemiology318◆ 0.93×126 topics
  8. Sustainability308▲ 1.47×100 topics
  9. Artificial Intelligence277▲ 2.3×55 topics
  10. Educational Technology249▲ 2.5×44 topics
  11. Economic Development237▲ 3.5×34 topics
  12. Renewable Energy220▲ 1.78×55 topics
  13. Pedagogy210▲ 4.9×26 topics
  14. Mental Health205▲ 1.68×40 topics
  15. Digital Transformation185▲ 4.0×28 topics
  16. E-Learning185▲ 2.2×24 topics
  17. Teacher Training171▲ 3.3×27 topics
  18. Higher Education159▲ 3.5×26 topics
  19. Leadership154▲ 3.7×31 topics
  20. Environmental Management153▲ 4.4×19 topics
  21. International Law139▲ 5.2×29 topics
  22. Regional Development135▲ 4.6×16 topics
  23. Digital Economy130▲ 7.6×19 topics
  24. Health Promotion126▲ 4.7×12 topics
  25. European Union125▲ 6.5×23 topics
  26. Global Governance119▲ 5.8×21 topics
  27. Legal Regulation116▲ 6.0×8 topics
  28. Judicial Review112▲ 15×6 topics
  29. Athletic Training110▲ 14×3 topics
  30. Physical Education109▲ 10×7 topics
  31. Digitalization108▲ 6.1×9 topics
  32. Financial Security105▲ 12×3 topics
  33. Economic Security102▲ 5.6×7 topics
  34. Motor Skills Development94▲ 12×2 topics
  35. Biomechanical Analysis93▲ 17×2 topics
  36. Fitness Technology92▲ 46×1 topic
  37. Sports Science92▲ 46×1 topic
  38. Constitutionalism91▲ 12×4 topics
  39. ECHR87▲ 29×1 topic
  40. European Legal Systems87▲ 29×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Azerbaijan has out-published Moldova every year since 2003, when it overtook it.

still counting2.5k5k7.5kAzerbaijan6,677 in 2025Moldova1,848 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.050%0.10%0.15%Azerbaijan0.11% in 2025Moldova0.031% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting2.5%5%7.5%Azerbaijan6.7% in 2025Moldova3.7% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Azerbaijan 05 level0 Moldova
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Azerbaijan or Moldova?

Azerbaijan publishes 2.5× as much research as Moldova in 2022-now (18k against 7.3k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Azerbaijan or Moldova?

5.9% of Azerbaijan's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 2.6% for Moldova.

Is Azerbaijan or Moldova growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +105% against 2018-21 for Azerbaijan, and +29% for Moldova.

Which has more open access research, Azerbaijan or Moldova?

79% of Moldova's research is free to read, against 61% of Azerbaijan's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Azerbaijan or Moldova?

Azerbaijan holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Moldova 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Azerbaijan

  1. 1Nakhchivan State University8.5% top 10% · 1.3k works
  2. 2Azerbaijan State University of Economics12.8% top 10% · 1.2k works
  3. 3Khazar University16.1% top 10% · 642 works
  4. 4National Nuclear Research Center7.2% top 10% · 562 works
  5. 5Western Caspian University21.1% top 10% · 541 works
  6. 6ADA University6.0% top 10% · 782 works

Moldova

  1. 1Moldova State University1.6% top 10% · 1.5k works
  2. 2Technical University of Moldova3.1% top 10% · 928 works
  3. 3Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science5.5% top 10% · 320 works
  4. 4State University of Physical Education and Sport3.4% top 10% · 386 works
  5. 5Institute of Educational Sciences8.2% top 10% · 216 works
  6. 6Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova1.8% top 10% · 672 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Azerbaijan

  1. 1 J. Yu #898 worldwide 55k citations · 554 works
  2. 2 S. H. Robertson #1,281 worldwide 39k citations · 435 works
  3. 3 E. Guido #1,392 worldwide 39k citations · 411 works
  4. 4 V. Andrei #1,613 worldwide 60k citations · 480 works
  5. 5 F. K. Loebinger #1,788 worldwide 45k citations · 454 works

Moldova

  1. 1 Valeriu Crudu #140,526 worldwide 4.5k citations · 157 works
  2. 2 Denis L. Nika #196,481 worldwide 9.6k citations · 101 works
  3. 3 Dumitru Chesov #439,970 worldwide 1.8k citations · 83 works
  4. 4 Oleg I. Lupan #601,694 worldwide 14k citations · 252 works
  5. 5 Eleonora Vataman #611,941 worldwide 11k citations · 37 works