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Azerbaijan vs Russia

On research quality in 2022-now, Russia ranks #49 in the world and Azerbaijan #157, of 189 countries. Azerbaijan stands higher in 0 of the 26 fields both publish in, Russia in 26.

Research profiles alike: 0.65similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Azerbaijan

World rank, 2022-now
#157
#184 all time
Works, 2022-now
18k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
61%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Fuel Technology, Museology.

Russia

World rank, 2022-now
#49
#38 all time
Works, 2022-now
544k
fractional
Top-10% rate
4.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
41%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Fuel Technology, General Materials Science.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Azerbaijan leads on 5 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, open access, international co-authorship and growth. Russia leads on 3 of 9 measures: research quality, output and citations per work. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Azerbaijan 51 level3 Russia
  1. #157Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#49
  2. 0.49×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.34×
  3. 18kOutputfractional works, 2022-now544k
  4. 5.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited4.4%
  5. 4.2Citations per workall time, per fractional work7.0
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 61%Open accessof its works free to read, all time41%
  8. 26%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time14%
  9. +105%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change-10%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Azerbaijan stands higher in 0 of 26 fields, Russia in 26. Russia leads most in Mathematics (#13 against #71). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Azerbaijan 026 Russia
  1. #120Agricultural and Biological Sciences#57
  2. #88Arts and Humanities#37
  3. #101Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#52
  4. #96Business, Management and Accounting#56
  5. -Chemical Engineering#35
  6. #70Chemistry#37
  7. #117Computer Science#46
  8. #72Decision Sciences#43
  9. -Dentistry#55
  10. #73Earth and Planetary Sciences#56
  11. #87Economics, Econometrics and Finance#42
  12. #68Energy#53
  13. #108Engineering#43
  14. #119Environmental Science#86
  15. #104Health Professions#73
  16. -Immunology and Microbiology#58
  17. #81Materials Science#30
  18. #71Mathematics#13
  19. #148Medicine#68
  20. -Neuroscience#57
  21. -Nursing#51
  22. -Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#42
  23. #67Physics and Astronomy#30
  24. #101Psychology#64
  25. #120Social Sciences#37
  26. -Veterinary#27

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Azerbaijan rankRussia rank Azerbaijan top 10%Russia top 10% Azerbaijan worksRussia works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #120 #57 4.3% 4.6% 1.1k 31k
Arts and Humanities #88 #37 7.3% 7.1% 1.4k 14k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #101 #52 3.1% 3.2% 407 23k
Business, Management and Accounting #96 #56 8.0% 5.6% 569 16k
Chemical Engineering - #35 - 2.4% - 2.5k
Chemistry #70 #37 3.6% 2.7% 439 14k
Computer Science #117 #46 7.1% 5.3% 1.2k 33k
Decision Sciences #72 #43 6.8% 5.8% 219 3.8k
Dentistry - #55 - 2.5% - 1.8k
Earth and Planetary Sciences #73 #56 4.6% 3.1% 424 19k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #87 #42 10.6% 5.9% 927 16k
Energy #68 #53 7.4% 4.0% 353 5.1k
Engineering #108 #43 4.4% 3.5% 2.6k 97k
Environmental Science #119 #86 6.8% 3.6% 688 25k
Health Professions #104 #73 4.7% 3.3% 226 5.8k
Immunology and Microbiology - #58 - 2.5% - 4k
Materials Science #81 #30 6.2% 2.9% 786 28k
Mathematics #71 #13 7.0% 5.7% 518 10k
Medicine #148 #68 3.2% 3.2% 1.5k 72k
Neuroscience - #57 - 2.4% - 7k
Nursing - #51 - 3.0% - 1.4k
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - #42 - 2.5% - 1.6k
Physics and Astronomy #67 #30 11.0% 3.0% 524 24k
Psychology #101 #64 4.6% 4.7% 525 9.5k
Social Sciences #120 #37 6.2% 7.8% 3.3k 80k
Veterinary - #27 - 2.4% - 426

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Azerbaijan

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization1,178▲ 2.7×137 topics
  2. Sustainable Development1,057▲ 3.0×104 topics
  3. Climate Change962▲ 1.59×118 topics
  4. Sustainability956▲ 1.76×116 topics
  5. Education900▲ 2.4×109 topics
  6. Renewable Energy881▲ 2.7×57 topics
  7. Innovation866▲ 3.8×74 topics
  8. Economic Development658▲ 3.7×51 topics
  9. Cultural Heritage593▲ 5.0×32 topics
  10. Pedagogy588▲ 5.3×23 topics
  11. Artificial Intelligence530▲ 1.67×64 topics
  12. Language Teaching516▲ 8.7×8 topics
  13. Energy Efficiency494▲ 2.4×43 topics
  14. Digital Transformation461▲ 3.8×26 topics
  15. Teacher Training455▲ 3.3×24 topics
  16. Economic Growth412▲ 2.3×33 topics
  17. Educational Technologies398▲ 20×2 topics
  18. Digital Economy395▲ 8.8×19 topics
  19. Tourism Development393▲ 13×2 topics
  20. Language389▲ 7.1×13 topics
  21. Digital Education385▲ 12×7 topics
  22. Teaching Methods378▲ 11×9 topics
  23. Critical Thinking377▲ 15×5 topics
  24. Formative Assessment358▲ 19×2 topics
  25. Artistic Education350▲ 24×1 topic
  26. Student Competencies350▲ 24×1 topic
  27. Linguistics318▲ 9.0×7 topics
  28. Global Governance317▲ 5.9×22 topics
  29. Migration316▲ 4.2×26 topics
  30. Geopolitics269▲ 8.0×10 topics
  31. Ethnography263▲ 6.9×12 topics
  32. Sufism256▲ 25×2 topics
  33. Language Contact253▲ 12×6 topics
  34. Morphology241▲ 6.1×12 topics
  35. Folklore225▲ 20×3 topics
  36. Mythology223▲ 20×3 topics
  37. Etymology218▲ 21×2 topics
  38. Historical Phonology218▲ 21×2 topics
  39. Rituals215▲ 12×4 topics
  40. Storytelling215▲ 20×4 topics

Russia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainable Development37k▲ 3.9×113 topics
  2. Climate Change33k▲ 2.0×132 topics
  3. Digital Transformation24k▲ 7.3×32 topics
  4. Innovation24k▲ 3.8×91 topics
  5. Artificial Intelligence23k▲ 2.7×67 topics
  6. Globalization23k▲ 1.94×186 topics
  7. Sustainability18k▲ 1.20×140 topics
  8. Energy Efficiency16k▲ 3.0×45 topics
  9. Regional Development16k▲ 8.0×21 topics
  10. Digital Economy15k▲ 12×20 topics
  11. Economic Development15k▲ 3.1×57 topics
  12. Food Security13k▲ 4.0×25 topics
  13. Educational Technology13k▲ 1.80×48 topics
  14. E-Learning11k▲ 1.97×27 topics
  15. Legal Regulation11k▲ 8.3×8 topics
  16. Digitalization11k▲ 9.0×16 topics
  17. Language11k▲ 7.1×15 topics
  18. Pedagogy9,445▲ 3.1×30 topics
  19. Economic Security8,448▲ 6.6×7 topics
  20. Migration8,418▲ 4.1×35 topics
  21. Ethnicity8,272▲ 3.7×25 topics
  22. International Relations7,912▲ 5.4×31 topics
  23. Global Economy7,846▲ 10×7 topics
  24. Geopolitics7,489▲ 8.2×12 topics
  25. Media7,153▲ 7.9×19 topics
  26. Cyber-Physical Systems6,922▲ 4.4×9 topics
  27. Arctic6,854▲ 10×4 topics
  28. Blockchain Technology6,746▲ 20×4 topics
  29. Linguistics6,575▲ 6.9×9 topics
  30. Youth6,520▲ 7.8×10 topics
  31. Geographical Analysis6,050▲ 24×2 topics
  32. Information Security6,016▲ 10×4 topics
  33. Digital Technologies5,999▲ 7.4×6 topics
  34. Knowledge Clusters5,806▲ 25×2 topics
  35. Agricultural Development5,664▲ 6.2×7 topics
  36. Macroeconomic Assessment5,469▲ 25×1 topic
  37. Russian Economy5,469▲ 25×1 topic
  38. Phraseology5,279▲ 12×3 topics
  39. Spatial Patterns5,109▲ 9.1×4 topics
  40. Cultural Communication4,923▲ 24×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Russia has out-published Azerbaijan every year since 1980.

still counting100k200kRussia112k in 2025Azerbaijan6,677 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting2.0%4.0%Russia1.9% in 2025Azerbaijan0.11% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting2.5%5%7.5%Azerbaijan6.7% in 2025Russia4.7% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Azerbaijan 05 level0 Russia
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Azerbaijan or Russia?

Russia publishes 30.0× as much research as Azerbaijan in 2022-now (544k against 18k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Azerbaijan or Russia?

5.9% of Azerbaijan's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 4.4% for Russia.

Is Azerbaijan or Russia growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +105% against 2018-21 for Azerbaijan, and -10% for Russia.

Which has more open access research, Azerbaijan or Russia?

61% of Azerbaijan's research is free to read, against 41% of Russia's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Azerbaijan or Russia?

Azerbaijan holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Russia 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Azerbaijan

  1. 1Nakhchivan State University8.5% top 10% · 1.3k works
  2. 2Azerbaijan State University of Economics12.8% top 10% · 1.2k works
  3. 3Khazar University16.1% top 10% · 642 works
  4. 4National Nuclear Research Center7.2% top 10% · 562 works
  5. 5Western Caspian University21.1% top 10% · 541 works
  6. 6ADA University6.0% top 10% · 782 works

Russia

  1. 1Russian Academy of Sciences4.1% top 10% · 132k works
  2. 2National Research University Higher School of Economics8.0% top 10% · 8.5k works
  3. 3Financial University9.5% top 10% · 4.6k works
  4. 4ITMO University4.7% top 10% · 3.5k works
  5. 5Ural State University of Economics4.1% top 10% · 951 works
  6. 6Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology8.6% top 10% · 1.6k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Azerbaijan

  1. 1 J. Yu #898 worldwide 55k citations · 554 works
  2. 2 S. H. Robertson #1,281 worldwide 39k citations · 435 works
  3. 3 E. Guido #1,392 worldwide 39k citations · 411 works
  4. 4 V. Andrei #1,613 worldwide 60k citations · 480 works
  5. 5 F. K. Loebinger #1,788 worldwide 45k citations · 454 works

Russia

  1. 1 S. L. Danilishin #1,207 worldwide 94k citations · 319 works
  2. 2 A. Khanzadeev #1,297 worldwide 45k citations · 397 works
  3. 3 V. Barret #2,233 worldwide 23k citations · 184 works
  4. 4 I. Novikov #4,043 worldwide 38k citations · 135 works
  5. 5 V. Punin #4,147 worldwide 27k citations · 248 works