Bahrain vs Lebanon
On research quality in 2022-now, Lebanon ranks #76 in the world and Bahrain #124, of 189 countries. Bahrain stands higher in 0 of the 15 fields both publish in, Lebanon in 15.
Research profiles alike: 0.67similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured
Compare other countries
Bahrain
- World rank, 2022-now
- #124
- #156 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 5.7k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 9.7%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 46%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Accounting, Management Information Systems, Health Informatics.
Lebanon
- World rank, 2022-now
- #76
- #75 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 15k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 11.8%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 44%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Modeling and Simulation, Orthodontics, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.
Who leads, measure by measure?
Lebanon leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate and citations per work. Bahrain leads on 2 of 9 measures: open access and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100 and international co-authorship.
- #124Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#76
- 0.81×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.95×
- 5.7kOutputfractional works, 2022-now15k
- 9.7%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited11.8%
- 11.0Citations per workall time, per fractional work14.9
- 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
- 46%Open accessof its works free to read, all time44%
- 35%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time36%
- +59%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+17%
A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.
Who leads in each field?
Bahrain stands higher in 0 of 15 fields, Lebanon in 15. Lebanon leads most in Engineering (#66 against #101). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.
- -Agricultural and Biological Sciences#94
- -Arts and Humanities#81
- -Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#72
- #74Business, Management and Accounting#72
- #93Computer Science#60
- #81Economics, Econometrics and Finance#61
- #101Engineering#66
- -Environmental Science#89
- -Health Professions#76
- -Materials Science#79
- -Mathematics#66
- #117Medicine#85
- -Neuroscience#61
- -Psychology#62
- #123Social Sciences#84
Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.
The numbers behind each field
Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.
| Field | Bahrain rank | Lebanon rank | Bahrain top 10% | Lebanon top 10% | Bahrain works | Lebanon works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | - | #94 | - | 11.3% | - | 451 |
| Arts and Humanities | - | #81 | - | 11.2% | - | 284 |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | - | #72 | - | 9.2% | - | 615 |
| Business, Management and Accounting | #74 | #72 | 14.0% | 15.1% | 615 | 627 |
| Computer Science | #93 | #60 | 9.7% | 13.0% | 761 | 1.1k |
| Economics, Econometrics and Finance | #81 | #61 | 12.9% | 22.4% | 258 | 537 |
| Engineering | #101 | #66 | 8.0% | 11.4% | 602 | 1.6k |
| Environmental Science | - | #89 | - | 11.2% | - | 560 |
| Health Professions | - | #76 | - | 13.9% | - | 448 |
| Materials Science | - | #79 | - | 8.1% | - | 248 |
| Mathematics | - | #66 | - | 16.7% | - | 258 |
| Medicine | #117 | #85 | 7.1% | 9.4% | 1.3k | 4.1k |
| Neuroscience | - | #61 | - | 8.5% | - | 204 |
| Psychology | - | #62 | - | 13.5% | - | 585 |
| Social Sciences | #123 | #84 | 10.1% | 12.7% | 723 | 1.6k |
What is each known for?
The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.
Bahrain
- Student Competencies
- Educational Technologies
- Formative Assessment
- Tourism Development
- Critical Thinking
- Shariah Supervision
- Global Financial Crisis
- Language Teaching
- Financial Stability
- Pedagogy
- Knowledge Management
- Customer Satisfaction
- Organizational Performance
- Smart Cities
- Renewable Energy
- Internet of Things
- Big Data
- Sustainability
- Healthcare
- Deep Learning
- Machine Learning
- Supply Chain Management
- Epidemiology
- Artificial Intelligence
- Corporate Governance
- Risk Management
- Digital Transformation
- IoT
- Security
- Social Capital
- Entrepreneurship
- Finance
- Islamic Banking
- Performance Analysis
- Ethical Identity
- Social Media Marketing
- Teaching Methods
- Digital Education
- Human Resource Management
- Artistic Education
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Machine Learning545▲ 2.5×92 topics
- Deep Learning336▲ 1.49×82 topics
- Supply Chain Management295▲ 5.0×24 topics
- Healthcare290▲ 3.9×25 topics
- Epidemiology279◆ 1.07×123 topics
- Sustainability279▲ 1.74×78 topics
- Artificial Intelligence235▲ 2.5×53 topics
- Big Data212▲ 3.4×32 topics
- Corporate Governance211▲ 4.4×26 topics
- Internet of Things208▲ 3.7×29 topics
- Risk Management182▲ 5.8×13 topics
- Renewable Energy181▲ 1.91×47 topics
- Digital Transformation163▲ 4.6×24 topics
- Smart Cities159▲ 9.2×8 topics
- IoT154▲ 6.3×18 topics
- Organizational Performance153▲ 9.0×9 topics
- Security140▲ 3.2×26 topics
- Customer Satisfaction133▲ 6.4×10 topics
- Social Capital128▲ 3.8×15 topics
- Knowledge Management125▲ 3.4×28 topics
- Entrepreneurship120▲ 4.6×15 topics
- Pedagogy115▲ 3.5×15 topics
- Finance110▲ 9.1×4 topics
- Financial Stability106▲ 8.4×5 topics
- Islamic Banking103▲ 4.2×3 topics
- Language Teaching99▲ 5.6×8 topics
- Performance Analysis98▲ 7.3×5 topics
- Global Financial Crisis96▲ 11×3 topics
- Ethical Identity95▲ 12×1 topic
- Shariah Supervision95▲ 12×1 topic
- Social Media Marketing95▲ 30×1 topic
- Critical Thinking92▲ 12×5 topics
- Teaching Methods88▲ 8.4×7 topics
- Tourism Development88▲ 9.8×2 topics
- Digital Education88▲ 9.0×5 topics
- Formative Assessment88▲ 16×2 topics
- Human Resource Management85▲ 8.4×5 topics
- Educational Technologies84▲ 14×2 topics
- Artistic Education83▲ 19×1 topic
- Student Competencies83▲ 19×1 topic
Lebanon
- Sectarianism
- Civil War
- Sovereignty
- Refugees
- Complications
- Identity
- Governance
- Politics
- Depression
- Human Rights
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Pandemic
- Artificial Intelligence
- Environmental Impact
- Climate Change
- Treatment
- Quality of Life
- Sustainability
- Inflammation
- Machine Learning
- Epidemiology
- Deep Learning
- Mental Health
- COVID-19
- Renewable Energy
- Healthcare
- Globalization
- Public Health
- Supply Chain Management
- Diagnosis
- Risk Factors
- Internet of Things
- Economic Growth
- Energy Efficiency
- Chemotherapy
- Security
- Mortality
- Risk Management
- Infectious Diseases
- Lebanon
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Epidemiology1,046▲ 1.56×136 topics
- Machine Learning685▲ 1.22×96 topics
- Deep Learning647◆ 1.12×82 topics
- Inflammation399◆ 1.12×83 topics
- Mental Health382▲ 1.59×46 topics
- Sustainability364◆ 0.89×102 topics
- COVID-19350▲ 1.60×29 topics
- Quality of Life349▲ 1.44×58 topics
- Renewable Energy336▲ 1.38×52 topics
- Treatment335▲ 1.64×52 topics
- Healthcare332▲ 1.73×36 topics
- Climate Change324▼ 0.71×106 topics
- Globalization312◆ 0.94×123 topics
- Environmental Impact300◆ 1.05×63 topics
- Public Health284▲ 1.16×66 topics
- Artificial Intelligence273◆ 1.14×59 topics
- Supply Chain Management268▲ 1.77×24 topics
- Pandemic264▲ 1.59×12 topics
- Diagnosis264▲ 1.68×41 topics
- Cardiovascular Disease253▲ 1.32×39 topics
- Risk Factors245▲ 1.32×37 topics
- Human Rights227▲ 1.32×67 topics
- Internet of Things222▲ 1.55×30 topics
- Depression218▲ 1.47×25 topics
- Economic Growth214▲ 1.56×31 topics
- Politics213▲ 4.8×19 topics
- Energy Efficiency208▲ 1.34×38 topics
- Governance206▲ 3.8×18 topics
- Chemotherapy198▲ 1.66×24 topics
- Identity197▲ 1.62×53 topics
- Security189▲ 1.68×30 topics
- Complications188▲ 2.2×17 topics
- Mortality181▲ 1.90×13 topics
- Refugees168▲ 8.1×9 topics
- Risk Management160▲ 2.0×17 topics
- Sovereignty152▲ 10×10 topics
- Infectious Diseases143▲ 2.6×9 topics
- Civil War139▲ 27×2 topics
- Lebanon129▲ 72×1 topic
- Sectarianism129▲ 72×1 topic
Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.
How has their output grown?
Lebanon has out-published Bahrain every year since 1992, when it overtook it.
Fractional works per year.
Their share of all research
Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.
Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.
How much of it reaches the world top 10%
The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).
A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.
Who holds more of the world's best institutions?
A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.
- 0In the world top 500
- 0In the top 1000
- 0In the top 5000
- 0In the top 1,0001
- #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#46
Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.
Which publishes more research, Bahrain or Lebanon?
Lebanon publishes 2.6× as much research as Bahrain in 2022-now (15k against 5.7k fractional works).
Whose research has more impact, Bahrain or Lebanon?
11.8% of Lebanon's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 9.7% for Bahrain.
Is Bahrain or Lebanon growing faster?
Output in 2022-25 was +59% against 2018-21 for Bahrain, and +17% for Lebanon.
Which has more open access research, Bahrain or Lebanon?
46% of Bahrain's research is free to read, against 44% of Lebanon's.
Which has more world-class institutions, Bahrain or Lebanon?
Bahrain holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Lebanon 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 1.
Which institutions lead in each country?
The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.
Bahrain
- 1Applied Science University14.1% top 10% · 533 works
- 2Kingdom University8.5% top 10% · 468 works
- 3University College of Bahrain7.5% top 10% · 592 works
- 4University of Bahrain8.5% top 10% · 1.4k works
- 5Ahlia University14.8% top 10% · 485 works
- 6Bahrain Polytechnic9.0% top 10% · 203 works
Lebanon
- 1Lebanese American University24.6% top 10% · 2.3k works
- 2American University of Beirut10.8% top 10% · 3.2k works
- 3Holy Spirit University of Kaslik17.8% top 10% · 509 works
- 4Saint Joseph University8.7% top 10% · 1k works
- 5Lebanese University7.6% top 10% · 1.9k works
- 6Lebanese International University12.2% top 10% · 432 works
The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.
Who are the top researchers on each side?
The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.
Bahrain
- 1 Randah R Hamadeh #16,228 worldwide 176k citations · 179 works
- 2 Abdalmuttaleb M. A. Musleh Al-Sartawi #23,470 worldwide 5.3k citations · 127 works
- 3 Amina Mohammed Buallay #30,646 worldwide 4.1k citations · 66 works
- 4 Nishad Nawaz #69,709 worldwide 2.8k citations · 156 works
- 5 Alexandra E. Butler #128,628 worldwide 20k citations · 347 works
Lebanon
- 1 Elie I. Bouri #152 worldwide 29k citations · 467 works
- 2 Elie Georges Karam #15,821 worldwide 35k citations · 290 works
- 3 John Fayyad #72,447 worldwide 11k citations · 65 works
- 4 Omar S. Itani #72,719 worldwide 3.3k citations · 113 works
- 5 Aimée Karam #73,746 worldwide 12k citations · 75 works