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Bangladesh vs Türkiye

On research quality in 2022-now, Bangladesh ranks #40 in the world and Türkiye #43, of 189 countries. Bangladesh stands higher in 11 of the 26 fields both publish in, Türkiye in 15.

Research profiles alike: 0.03different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Bangladesh

World rank, 2022-now
#40
#50 all time
Works, 2022-now
78k
fractional
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
62%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Drug Discovery, Aquatic Science, Health Information Management.

Türkiye

World rank, 2022-now
#43
#45 all time
Works, 2022-now
460k
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.0%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
60%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Museology, Religious studies, Life-span and Life-course Studies.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Bangladesh leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, citation excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, international co-authorship and growth. Türkiye leads on 2 of 9 measures: output and citations per work. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100 and open access.

Bangladesh 52 level2 Türkiye
  1. #40Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#43
  2. 0.90×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.62×
  3. 78kOutputfractional works, 2022-now460k
  4. 10.1%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited7.0%
  5. 10.3Citations per workall time, per fractional work10.9
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 62%Open accessof its works free to read, all time60%
  8. 28%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time11%
  9. +56%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+32%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Bangladesh stands higher in 11 of 26 fields, Türkiye in 15. Türkiye leads most in Energy (#23 against #42); Bangladesh leads most in Earth and Planetary Sciences (#31 against #41). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Bangladesh 1115 Türkiye
  1. #38Agricultural and Biological Sciences#44
  2. #56Arts and Humanities#32
  3. #44Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#53
  4. #43Business, Management and Accounting#42
  5. -Chemical Engineering#28
  6. #29Chemistry#35
  7. #39Computer Science#34
  8. #39Decision Sciences#35
  9. #48Dentistry#37
  10. #31Earth and Planetary Sciences#41
  11. #43Economics, Econometrics and Finance#33
  12. #42Energy#23
  13. #40Engineering#28
  14. #31Environmental Science#40
  15. #39Health Professions#40
  16. #47Immunology and Microbiology#55
  17. #31Materials Science#39
  18. #48Mathematics#32
  19. #59Medicine#61
  20. #47Neuroscience#40
  21. #38Nursing#42
  22. #30Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#35
  23. #45Physics and Astronomy#36
  24. #39Psychology#33
  25. #49Social Sciences#34
  26. -Veterinary#24

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Bangladesh rankTürkiye rank Bangladesh top 10%Türkiye top 10% Bangladesh worksTürkiye works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #38 #44 10.4% 6.4% 7.3k 24k
Arts and Humanities #56 #32 10.3% 10.1% 1.1k 39k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #44 #53 8.3% 4.5% 3.1k 18k
Business, Management and Accounting #43 #42 14.0% 6.3% 3.2k 15k
Chemical Engineering - #28 - 8.9% - 1k
Chemistry #29 #35 14.1% 8.2% 903 6k
Computer Science #39 #34 9.2% 9.6% 7.8k 20k
Decision Sciences #39 #35 12.6% 9.3% 784 4.9k
Dentistry #48 #37 6.8% 7.9% 254 5.4k
Earth and Planetary Sciences #31 #41 11.2% 8.4% 663 3.6k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #43 #33 11.8% 5.9% 2.2k 12k
Energy #42 #23 11.1% 7.9% 920 3.7k
Engineering #40 #28 10.2% 8.1% 11k 49k
Environmental Science #31 #40 11.6% 6.7% 5.3k 16k
Health Professions #39 #40 12.5% 7.5% 1.9k 13k
Immunology and Microbiology #47 #55 9.3% 3.2% 708 3.3k
Materials Science #31 #39 13.7% 6.4% 2.9k 12k
Mathematics #48 #32 13.3% 10.5% 596 6.2k
Medicine #59 #61 6.7% 4.6% 14k 98k
Neuroscience #47 #40 8.5% 4.4% 908 5.6k
Nursing #38 #42 9.6% 5.4% 785 3.4k
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #30 #35 11.5% 6.8% 334 1.3k
Physics and Astronomy #45 #36 13.3% 8.1% 962 5k
Psychology #39 #33 10.2% 6.5% 1.9k 25k
Social Sciences #49 #34 11.0% 8.6% 7.7k 70k
Veterinary - #24 - 4.9% - 716

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Bangladesh

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Deep Learning6,470▲ 2.1×84 topics
  2. Machine Learning6,042▲ 2.0×97 topics
  3. Epidemiology4,297▲ 1.19×140 topics
  4. Climate Change3,359▲ 1.36×122 topics
  5. Sustainability3,334▲ 1.50×126 topics
  6. Environmental Impact2,779▲ 1.79×71 topics
  7. COVID-192,213▲ 1.88×34 topics
  8. Renewable Energy2,149▲ 1.64×60 topics
  9. Neural Networks1,956▲ 1.40×41 topics
  10. Convolutional Neural Networks1,819▲ 2.8×14 topics
  11. Healthcare1,796▲ 1.73×41 topics
  12. Globalization1,678◆ 0.94×162 topics
  13. Pandemic1,667▲ 1.85×14 topics
  14. Social Media1,622▲ 1.29×40 topics
  15. Oxidative Stress1,576◆ 1.06×63 topics
  16. Artificial Intelligence1,554▲ 1.20×61 topics
  17. Food Security1,414▲ 2.9×24 topics
  18. Remote Sensing1,411▲ 1.27×41 topics
  19. Cardiovascular Disease1,385▲ 1.34×39 topics
  20. Human Rights1,326▲ 1.43×79 topics
  21. Internet of Things1,190▲ 1.53×32 topics
  22. Data Mining1,084▲ 1.63×25 topics
  23. Medical Imaging1,079▲ 2.3×9 topics
  24. Security1,077▲ 1.77×31 topics
  25. Image Processing1,031▲ 2.6×14 topics
  26. Consumer Behavior1,030▲ 1.82×18 topics
  27. Risk Management1,014▲ 2.4×18 topics
  28. Feature Extraction1,012▲ 2.5×10 topics
  29. Genetic Diversity976▲ 2.5×22 topics
  30. IoT931▲ 2.7×19 topics
  31. Heat Transfer928▲ 2.1×20 topics
  32. Environmental Monitoring913▲ 2.6×18 topics
  33. Wireless Sensor Networks894▲ 2.2×23 topics
  34. Agriculture875▲ 2.5×17 topics
  35. Aquaculture796▲ 3.4×8 topics
  36. Vulnerability754▲ 3.6×8 topics
  37. Transfer Learning658▲ 3.8×3 topics
  38. Water Management652▲ 5.7×8 topics
  39. Smart Farming560▲ 5.3×2 topics
  40. Bangladesh507▲ 27×3 topics

Türkiye

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology23k◆ 1.09×140 topics
  2. Cultural Heritage21k▲ 7.7×39 topics
  3. Mental Health17k▲ 2.3×48 topics
  4. Sustainability14k◆ 1.10×137 topics
  5. Education14k▲ 1.54×156 topics
  6. Inflammation13k▲ 1.16×83 topics
  7. Quality of Life11k▲ 1.40×61 topics
  8. Qualitative Research9,452▲ 2.1×42 topics
  9. Teacher Training9,274▲ 2.9×30 topics
  10. Sufism8,921▲ 37×2 topics
  11. Meta-Analysis8,302▲ 2.7×21 topics
  12. Public Policy7,730▲ 3.1×33 topics
  13. Ottoman Empire7,615▲ 20×3 topics
  14. Professional Development7,558▲ 7.0×15 topics
  15. Ethnography7,432▲ 8.3×16 topics
  16. Student Perceptions7,427▲ 7.9×7 topics
  17. Distance Education7,212▲ 7.1×5 topics
  18. Learning6,969▲ 4.5×16 topics
  19. Teaching6,767▲ 10.0×11 topics
  20. Covid-19 Pandemic6,348▲ 8.9×4 topics
  21. Teacher Perspectives6,300▲ 31×2 topics
  22. Metaphors6,294▲ 37×1 topic
  23. Rituals6,252▲ 15×5 topics
  24. Storytelling6,241▲ 25×5 topics
  25. Mythology6,234▲ 24×3 topics
  26. Folklore6,228▲ 23×3 topics
  27. Traditional Beliefs6,131▲ 37×1 topic
  28. Turkish Culture6,131▲ 37×1 topic
  29. Therapy5,826▲ 5.7×8 topics
  30. Psychological Functioning5,756▲ 13×2 topics
  31. Content Analysis5,494▲ 8.3×8 topics
  32. Social Systems5,215▲ 17×5 topics
  33. Family Constellations5,128▲ 34×1 topic
  34. Genetic Processes5,128▲ 34×1 topic
  35. Divan Poetry4,923▲ 37×1 topic
  36. Turkish Literature4,923▲ 37×1 topic
  37. Educational Research4,874▲ 6.9×7 topics
  38. Quarantine4,866▲ 6.3×2 topics
  39. Theology4,165▲ 8.7×6 topics
  40. Bibliometric Analysis4,141▲ 14×4 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Türkiye has out-published Bangladesh every year since 1980.

still counting50k100k150kTürkiye119k in 2025Bangladesh24k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting1.0%2.0%3.0%Türkiye2.0% in 2025Bangladesh0.41% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Bangladesh9.9% in 2025Türkiye8.3% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Bangladesh 23 level0 Türkiye
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 1In the top 1,0000
  5. #47Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Bangladesh or Türkiye?

Türkiye publishes 5.9× as much research as Bangladesh in 2022-now (460k against 78k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Bangladesh or Türkiye?

10.1% of Bangladesh's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 7.0% for Türkiye.

Is Bangladesh or Türkiye growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +56% against 2018-21 for Bangladesh, and +32% for Türkiye.

Which has more open access research, Bangladesh or Türkiye?

62% of Bangladesh's research is free to read, against 60% of Türkiye's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Bangladesh or Türkiye?

Bangladesh holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Türkiye 0; in the top 1,000 it is 1 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Bangladesh

  1. 1Southeast University8.5% top 10% · 2.2k works
  2. 2Ministry of Education15.0% top 10% · 829 works
  3. 3Islamic University9.3% top 10% · 3.4k works
  4. 4Daffodil International University13.7% top 10% · 1.9k works
  5. 5International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research14.1% top 10% · 610 works
  6. 6North South University11.9% top 10% · 1.4k works

Türkiye

  1. 1Koç University10.9% top 10% · 3.1k works
  2. 2Istanbul Aydın University5.6% top 10% · 2.3k works
  3. 3Mi̇lli̇ Eği̇ti̇m Bakanliği7.2% top 10% · 4.2k works
  4. 4Istanbul Technical University8.2% top 10% · 7.4k works
  5. 5Iğdır Üniversitesi10.4% top 10% · 1.4k works
  6. 6Bartin University9.5% top 10% · 2.1k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Bangladesh

  1. 1 Muntasir Murshed #1,487 worldwide 19k citations · 244 works
  2. 2 Mozammel Mia #4,564 worldwide 12k citations · 171 works
  3. 3 Mosiur Rahman #7,232 worldwide 64k citations · 222 works
  4. 4 Md Nuruzzaman Khan #7,524 worldwide 43k citations · 266 works
  5. 5 Md. Abdul Moktadir #8,531 worldwide 8k citations · 105 works

Türkiye

  1. 1 Muhammet Deveci #140 worldwide 18k citations · 537 works
  2. 2 Ilhan Tekin Ozturk #628 worldwide 50k citations · 458 works
  3. 3 Bright Akwasi Gyamfi #2,231 worldwide 5.8k citations · 157 works
  4. 4 Buhari Doğan #3,357 worldwide 7.4k citations · 120 works
  5. 5 Uğur Korkut Pata #3,381 worldwide 16k citations · 275 works

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