Bulgaria vs Libya
On research quality in 2022-now, Bulgaria ranks #77 in the world and Libya #188, of 189 countries. Bulgaria stands higher in 22 of the 22 fields both publish in, Libya in 0.
Research profiles alike: 0.68similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured
Compare other countries
Bulgaria
- World rank, 2022-now
- #77
- #78 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 36k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 4.8%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 44%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Numerical Analysis.
Libya
- World rank, 2022-now
- #188
- #201 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 6.9k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 3.6%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 70%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: General Dentistry, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Drug Discovery.
Who leads, measure by measure?
Bulgaria leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate and citations per work. Libya leads on 3 of 9 measures: open access, international co-authorship and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.
- #77Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#188
- 0.52×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.35×
- 36kOutputfractional works, 2022-now6.9k
- 4.8%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited3.6%
- 9.6Citations per workall time, per fractional work5.5
- 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
- 44%Open accessof its works free to read, all time70%
- 24%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time27%
- +22%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+79%
A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.
Who leads in each field?
Bulgaria stands higher in 22 of 22 fields, Libya in 0. Bulgaria leads most in Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (#60 against #104). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.
- #79Agricultural and Biological Sciences#123
- #57Arts and Humanities-
- #60Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#104
- #81Business, Management and Accounting-
- #50Chemistry-
- #83Computer Science#126
- #68Decision Sciences-
- #50Dentistry#61
- #70Earth and Planetary Sciences-
- #75Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
- #69Energy-
- #83Engineering#125
- #87Environmental Science#121
- #94Health Professions-
- #60Immunology and Microbiology-
- #58Materials Science-
- #54Mathematics-
- #94Medicine#152
- #41Neuroscience-
- #57Physics and Astronomy-
- #85Psychology-
- #104Social Sciences#147
Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.
The numbers behind each field
Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.
| Field | Bulgaria rank | Libya rank | Bulgaria top 10% | Libya top 10% | Bulgaria works | Libya works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | #79 | #123 | 5.9% | 2.9% | 2.5k | 477 |
| Arts and Humanities | #57 | - | 6.0% | - | 1k | - |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | #60 | #104 | 5.2% | 2.3% | 1.6k | 277 |
| Business, Management and Accounting | #81 | - | 5.4% | - | 1.2k | - |
| Chemistry | #50 | - | 6.4% | - | 626 | - |
| Computer Science | #83 | #126 | 4.3% | 3.4% | 3.1k | 549 |
| Decision Sciences | #68 | - | 4.3% | - | 412 | - |
| Dentistry | #50 | #61 | 4.4% | 1.1% | 410 | 208 |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | #70 | - | 3.0% | - | 756 | - |
| Economics, Econometrics and Finance | #75 | - | 6.1% | - | 926 | - |
| Energy | #69 | - | 2.7% | - | 424 | - |
| Engineering | #83 | #125 | 3.4% | 3.9% | 6.2k | 1.1k |
| Environmental Science | #87 | #121 | 4.1% | 3.8% | 1.9k | 329 |
| Health Professions | #94 | - | 3.7% | - | 674 | - |
| Immunology and Microbiology | #60 | - | 4.5% | - | 335 | - |
| Materials Science | #58 | - | 3.7% | - | 1.1k | - |
| Mathematics | #54 | - | 7.4% | - | 722 | - |
| Medicine | #94 | #152 | 4.8% | 2.3% | 5.9k | 1.6k |
| Neuroscience | #41 | - | 5.2% | - | 435 | - |
| Physics and Astronomy | #57 | - | 4.0% | - | 817 | - |
| Psychology | #85 | - | 4.6% | - | 722 | - |
| Social Sciences | #104 | #147 | 6.5% | 6.5% | 3.3k | 640 |
What is each known for?
The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.
Bulgaria
- paleoceanography
- Black Sea
- Taxonomy
- Power Electronics
- Optimization
- Environmental Management
- Antioxidant Activity
- Invasive Species
- E-Learning
- Antioxidant
- Internet of Things
- Remote Sensing
- Educational Technology
- Inflammation
- Globalization
- Oxidative Stress
- Artificial Intelligence
- Renewable Energy
- Sustainability
- Machine Learning
- Climate Change
- Epidemiology
- Sustainable Development
- Deep Learning
- Environmental Impact
- Energy Efficiency
- Big Data
- Neural Networks
- Innovation
- Economic Growth
- Biodiversity
- Supply Chain Management
- Cyber-Physical Systems
- Security
- Digital Transformation
- Smart Grid
- Biogeography
- Phylogeny
- Mediterranean
- Caspian Sea
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Climate Change1,519▲ 1.36×126 topics
- Machine Learning1,477◆ 1.08×97 topics
- Epidemiology1,397▼ 0.85×138 topics
- Sustainability1,336▲ 1.33×130 topics
- Sustainable Development1,218▲ 1.89×109 topics
- Renewable Energy1,186▲ 1.99×60 topics
- Deep Learning1,146▼ 0.81×85 topics
- Artificial Intelligence951▲ 1.62×65 topics
- Environmental Impact804◆ 1.15×74 topics
- Oxidative Stress777◆ 1.15×62 topics
- Energy Efficiency769▲ 2.0×46 topics
- Globalization741◆ 0.92×164 topics
- Big Data727▲ 1.85×35 topics
- Inflammation726▼ 0.83×83 topics
- Neural Networks716◆ 1.13×42 topics
- Educational Technology621▲ 1.28×46 topics
- Innovation595▲ 1.40×85 topics
- Remote Sensing569◆ 1.13×41 topics
- Economic Growth567▲ 1.69×36 topics
- Internet of Things566▲ 1.61×31 topics
- Biodiversity544▲ 1.74×38 topics
- Antioxidant505▲ 1.79×51 topics
- Supply Chain Management470▲ 1.27×27 topics
- E-Learning449◆ 1.13×25 topics
- Cyber-Physical Systems444▲ 4.1×9 topics
- Invasive Species444▲ 2.5×21 topics
- Security411▲ 1.50×31 topics
- Antioxidant Activity407▲ 1.59×32 topics
- Digital Transformation402▲ 1.81×32 topics
- Environmental Management393▲ 2.4×22 topics
- Smart Grid350▲ 2.4×10 topics
- Optimization331▲ 1.79×26 topics
- Biogeography319▲ 2.8×20 topics
- Power Electronics304▲ 2.3×8 topics
- Phylogeny238▲ 3.5×17 topics
- Taxonomy224▲ 3.8×15 topics
- Mediterranean219▲ 6.0×6 topics
- Black Sea165▲ 11×2 topics
- Caspian Sea160▲ 14×1 topic
- paleoceanography160▲ 14×1 topic
Libya
- L2 Motivation
- Infection Control
- Air Force
- Transport Policy
- Modernization
- Strategic Planning
- Legal Regulation
- Language Teaching
- Malay Language
- Social Influence
- Medicinal Plants
- Ethnicity
- Islam
- Culture
- Antioxidant Activity
- Quality of Life
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Environmental Impact
- Inflammation
- Machine Learning
- Epidemiology
- Deep Learning
- Renewable Energy
- Oxidative Stress
- COVID-19
- Antioxidant
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Literature
- Diabetes
- Philosophy
- Science
- Sharia Law
- Prevention
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
- Design
- Economic Security
- Public Oversight
- Foresight
- Warfare
- Corrective Feedback
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Epidemiology484▲ 1.44×134 topics
- Machine Learning381▲ 1.35×92 topics
- Deep Learning291◆ 1.00×77 topics
- Inflammation220▲ 1.23×83 topics
- Renewable Energy207▲ 1.69×49 topics
- Environmental Impact185▲ 1.28×57 topics
- Oxidative Stress171▲ 1.23×60 topics
- Cardiovascular Disease162▲ 1.68×38 topics
- COVID-19158▲ 1.43×30 topics
- Quality of Life157▲ 1.29×49 topics
- Antioxidant145▲ 2.5×50 topics
- Antioxidant Activity143▲ 2.7×32 topics
- Metabolic Syndrome126▲ 1.84×23 topics
- Culture109▲ 2.5×11 topics
- Literature108▲ 2.3×16 topics
- Islam103▲ 5.9×5 topics
- Diabetes103▲ 2.4×21 topics
- Ethnicity103▲ 3.3×8 topics
- Philosophy101▲ 2.7×8 topics
- Medicinal Plants101▲ 3.1×19 topics
- Science100▲ 4.8×5 topics
- Social Influence99▲ 5.6×3 topics
- Sharia Law98▲ 8.1×2 topics
- Malay Language98▲ 8.2×1 topic
- Prevention94▲ 2.6×16 topics
- Language Teaching93▲ 4.1×8 topics
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles88▲ 5.5×4 topics
- Legal Regulation87▲ 4.6×8 topics
- Design86▲ 6.2×5 topics
- Strategic Planning86▲ 6.9×3 topics
- Economic Security85▲ 4.8×5 topics
- Modernization83▲ 5.4×2 topics
- Public Oversight83▲ 8.0×1 topic
- Transport Policy83▲ 8.0×1 topic
- Foresight82▲ 7.5×2 topics
- Air Force82▲ 8.2×1 topic
- Warfare82▲ 8.2×1 topic
- Infection Control55▲ 7.8×2 topics
- Corrective Feedback55▲ 8.7×1 topic
- L2 Motivation55▲ 8.7×1 topic
Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.
How has their output grown?
Bulgaria has out-published Libya every year since 1980.
Fractional works per year.
Their share of all research
Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.
Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.
How much of it reaches the world top 10%
The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).
A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.
Who holds more of the world's best institutions?
A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.
- 0In the world top 500
- 0In the top 1000
- 0In the top 5000
- 0In the top 1,0000
- #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51
Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.
Which publishes more research, Bulgaria or Libya?
Bulgaria publishes 5.2× as much research as Libya in 2022-now (36k against 6.9k fractional works).
Whose research has more impact, Bulgaria or Libya?
4.8% of Bulgaria's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 3.6% for Libya.
Is Bulgaria or Libya growing faster?
Output in 2022-25 was +79% against 2018-21 for Libya, and +22% for Bulgaria.
Which has more open access research, Bulgaria or Libya?
70% of Libya's research is free to read, against 44% of Bulgaria's.
Which has more world-class institutions, Bulgaria or Libya?
Bulgaria holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Libya 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.
Which institutions lead in each country?
The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.
Bulgaria
- 1Bulgarian Academy of Sciences5.0% top 10% · 8.8k works
- 2College of Tourism8.7% top 10% · 779 works
- 3Angel Kanchev University of Ruse4.0% top 10% · 1.1k works
- 4Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"5.3% top 10% · 2.3k works
- 5New Bulgarian University3.6% top 10% · 500 works
- 6South-West University "Neofit Rilski"4.9% top 10% · 486 works
Libya
- 1Al Zawiya University5.6% top 10% · 616 works
- 2Misurata University3.6% top 10% · 557 works
- 3University Elmergib4.1% top 10% · 366 works
- 4Libyan Academy5.6% top 10% · 359 works
- 5Omar Al-Mukhtar University2.9% top 10% · 625 works
- 6Sebha University3.9% top 10% · 458 works
The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.
Who are the top researchers on each side?
The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.
Bulgaria
- 1 A. Cimmino #8,111 worldwide 84k citations · 1,049 works
- 2 A. Cabrera #11,365 worldwide 33k citations · 472 works
- 3 L. Litov #17,576 worldwide 113k citations · 2,193 works
- 4 S. Stoykova #20,679 worldwide 47k citations · 461 works
- 5 V. Genchev #32,911 worldwide 54k citations · 539 works
Libya
- 1 Muhammed Elhadi #5,131 worldwide 74k citations · 402 works
- 2 Ali Meftah Gerged #84,887 worldwide 3.5k citations · 89 works
- 3 Ibrahim Ahmed Badi #145,525 worldwide 2.3k citations · 100 works
- 4 Yasser Fathi Nassar #226,826 worldwide 4.4k citations · 136 works
- 5 Rabia Emhamed Al Mamlook #245,678 worldwide 2.3k citations · 88 works