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Colombia vs Panama

On research quality in 2022-now, Colombia ranks #59 in the world and Panama #67, of 189 countries. Colombia stands higher in 22 of the 23 fields both publish in, Panama in 1.

Research profiles alike: 0.90very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Colombia

World rank, 2022-now
#59
#47 all time
Works, 2022-now
87k
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
72%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Life-span and Life-course Studies, Horticulture, General Social Sciences.

Panama

World rank, 2022-now
#67
#65 all time
Works, 2022-now
6.5k
fractional
Top-10% rate
6.7%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
72%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Computer Science Applications.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Panama leads on 4 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Colombia leads on 3 of 9 measures: research quality, output and top-10% rate. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100 and open access.

Colombia 32 level4 Panama
  1. #59Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#67
  2. 0.70×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.82×
  3. 87kOutputfractional works, 2022-now6.5k
  4. 7.4%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited6.7%
  5. 5.3Citations per workall time, per fractional work13.9
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 72%Open accessof its works free to read, all time72%
  8. 18%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time26%
  9. -5%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+92%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Colombia stands higher in 22 of 23 fields, Panama in 1. Colombia leads most in Business, Management and Accounting (#53 against #73); Panama leads most in Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (#59 against #68). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Colombia 221 Panama
  1. #48Agricultural and Biological Sciences#61
  2. #52Arts and Humanities-
  3. #68Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#59
  4. #53Business, Management and Accounting#73
  5. #58Chemistry-
  6. #63Computer Science#82
  7. #56Decision Sciences-
  8. #43Dentistry-
  9. #44Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  10. #54Economics, Econometrics and Finance#67
  11. #52Energy-
  12. #59Engineering#76
  13. #41Environmental Science#53
  14. #54Health Professions#56
  15. #53Immunology and Microbiology-
  16. #76Materials Science-
  17. #59Mathematics-
  18. #57Medicine#64
  19. #52Neuroscience-
  20. #52Nursing-
  21. #53Physics and Astronomy-
  22. #54Psychology#69
  23. #39Social Sciences#56

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Colombia rankPanama rank Colombia top 10%Panama top 10% Colombia worksPanama works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #48 #61 7.6% 6.5% 6.4k 526
Arts and Humanities #52 - 8.7% - 2.5k -
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #68 #59 4.9% 7.0% 2.7k 217
Business, Management and Accounting #53 #73 9.5% 5.4% 3.6k 358
Chemistry #58 - 7.3% - 638 -
Computer Science #63 #82 7.4% 6.7% 4.6k 589
Decision Sciences #56 - 9.3% - 599 -
Dentistry #43 - 7.3% - 427 -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #44 - 6.2% - 1.2k -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #54 #67 8.8% 5.9% 2.9k 271
Energy #52 - 9.5% - 942 -
Engineering #59 #76 6.0% 4.6% 6.6k 234
Environmental Science #41 #53 6.8% 7.6% 5.9k 509
Health Professions #54 #56 7.1% 4.9% 3.7k 288
Immunology and Microbiology #53 - 5.5% - 804 -
Materials Science #76 - 4.0% - 1.1k -
Mathematics #59 - 6.0% - 695 -
Medicine #57 #64 5.0% 4.3% 17k 895
Neuroscience #52 - 5.5% - 788 -
Nursing #52 - 5.7% - 388 -
Physics and Astronomy #53 - 4.6% - 789 -
Psychology #54 #69 7.1% 6.7% 3.4k 258
Social Sciences #39 #56 10.6% 8.6% 19k 1.8k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Colombia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education7,314▲ 4.4×152 topics
  2. Epidemiology5,438▲ 1.41×138 topics
  3. Sustainability4,882▲ 2.1×130 topics
  4. Globalization4,810▲ 2.5×172 topics
  5. Climate Change4,049▲ 1.54×128 topics
  6. Innovation3,967▲ 4.0×82 topics
  7. Public Health3,428▲ 2.4×75 topics
  8. Human Rights3,308▲ 3.3×86 topics
  9. Sustainable Development2,983▲ 1.97×107 topics
  10. Latin America2,901▲ 16×23 topics
  11. Educational Technology2,571▲ 2.2×47 topics
  12. Mental Health2,476▲ 1.79×48 topics
  13. Health Promotion2,470▲ 8.1×18 topics
  14. Digital Marketing2,451▲ 6.5×6 topics
  15. Teacher Training2,445▲ 4.1×28 topics
  16. Knowledge Management2,386▲ 4.4×42 topics
  17. Social Responsibility2,274▲ 10×13 topics
  18. Small and Medium Enterprises2,224▲ 13×10 topics
  19. Competitiveness2,221▲ 29×8 topics
  20. E-Learning2,139▲ 2.3×25 topics
  21. Biodiversity1,978▲ 2.7×37 topics
  22. Urban Development1,926▲ 5.6×21 topics
  23. Pedagogy1,924▲ 4.0×26 topics
  24. Economic Impact1,920▲ 3.7×13 topics
  25. Innovation Ecosystems1,883▲ 19×4 topics
  26. Public Policy1,847▲ 4.0×34 topics
  27. Nutrition1,794▲ 4.2×18 topics
  28. Globalization Effects1,727▲ 26×3 topics
  29. Tourism Management1,719▲ 25×2 topics
  30. City Branding1,716▲ 29×1 topic
  31. Psychopharmacology Education1,716▲ 29×1 topic
  32. Social Impact1,687▲ 4.5×24 topics
  33. Communication1,663▲ 5.5×23 topics
  34. Community Participation1,609▲ 4.7×16 topics
  35. Inclusive Education1,570▲ 4.5×19 topics
  36. Rural Development1,502▲ 4.5×22 topics
  37. Distance Learning1,493▲ 4.4×13 topics
  38. Colombia1,408▲ 86×2 topics
  39. Violence1,246▲ 8.8×14 topics
  40. University Students1,214▲ 22×2 topics

Panama

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education1,073▲ 8.1×78 topics
  2. Innovation593▲ 7.4×42 topics
  3. E-Learning508▲ 6.8×17 topics
  4. Educational Technology483▲ 5.3×36 topics
  5. Climate Change475▲ 2.2×100 topics
  6. Sustainability460▲ 2.4×91 topics
  7. Pedagogy438▲ 11×17 topics
  8. Competitiveness414▲ 67×6 topics
  9. COVID-19402▲ 4.0×28 topics
  10. Teacher Training400▲ 8.4×20 topics
  11. Globalization397▲ 2.6×85 topics
  12. Digital Marketing392▲ 13×6 topics
  13. Distance Learning361▲ 13×10 topics
  14. Knowledge Management357▲ 8.3×22 topics
  15. Small and Medium Enterprises329▲ 24×8 topics
  16. Social Responsibility329▲ 18×10 topics
  17. Digital Divide311▲ 16×8 topics
  18. Digital Competence308▲ 45×3 topics
  19. Online Education307▲ 20×4 topics
  20. ICT306▲ 29×4 topics
  21. Virtual Teaching304▲ 73×1 topic
  22. Innovation Ecosystems277▲ 35×2 topics
  23. Inclusive Education275▲ 9.8×15 topics
  24. Urban Development271▲ 9.9×15 topics
  25. Economic Impact269▲ 6.5×9 topics
  26. Globalization Effects252▲ 47×2 topics
  27. Tourism Management252▲ 47×2 topics
  28. City Branding250▲ 52×1 topic
  29. Psychopharmacology Education250▲ 52×1 topic
  30. Technology250▲ 6.2×20 topics
  31. Social Impact239▲ 7.9×14 topics
  32. Communication228▲ 9.3×16 topics
  33. Teacher Development221▲ 46×2 topics
  34. Educational Leadership218▲ 22×4 topics
  35. Student Performance216▲ 26×4 topics
  36. Organizational Commitment216▲ 14×5 topics
  37. Curriculum Design216▲ 40×2 topics
  38. Quality Education214▲ 77×1 topic
  39. School Culture214▲ 77×1 topic
  40. Informal Learning212▲ 21×5 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Colombia has out-published Panama every year since 1980.

still counting10k20k30kColombia23k in 2025Panama2,375 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%0.60%Colombia0.38% in 2025Panama0.040% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Colombia7.3% in 2025Panama6.9% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Colombia 05 level0 Panama
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Colombia or Panama?

Colombia publishes 13.4× as much research as Panama in 2022-now (87k against 6.5k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Colombia or Panama?

7.4% of Colombia's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 6.7% for Panama.

Is Colombia or Panama growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +92% against 2018-21 for Panama, and -5% for Colombia.

Which has more open access research, Colombia or Panama?

72% of Colombia's research is free to read, against 72% of Panama's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Colombia or Panama?

Colombia holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Panama 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Colombia

  1. 1Universidad de Antioquia7.8% top 10% · 5k works
  2. 2Universidad del Rosario11.3% top 10% · 1.5k works
  3. 3Universidad del Valle6.4% top 10% · 2.8k works
  4. 4Universidad de La Sabana10.4% top 10% · 1.2k works
  5. 5Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas6.8% top 10% · 1.4k works
  6. 6Universidad de Ibagué0.7% top 10% · 1.8k works

Panama

  1. 1Universidad de Panamá5.7% top 10% · 2.2k works
  2. 2Universidad Metropolitana de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología9.4% top 10% · 1.2k works
  3. 3Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá5.0% top 10% · 451 works
  4. 4Universidad de Santander4.6% top 10% · 232 works
  5. 5Quality Leadership University Panama6.1% top 10% · 210 works
  6. 6Hospital del Niño4.4% top 10% · 245 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Colombia

  1. 1 J. C. Sanabria #4,579 worldwide 63k citations · 605 works
  2. 2 Carlos Andrés Castañeda-Orjuela #12,642 worldwide 236k citations · 248 works
  3. 3 Stijn Hantson #16,049 worldwide 9.4k citations · 203 works
  4. 4 D. J. Karmgard #18,328 worldwide 23k citations · 315 works
  5. 5 Luis Felipe Reyes #26,576 worldwide 33k citations · 298 works

Panama

  1. 1 Stephen P. Hubbell #1,469 worldwide 56k citations · 353 works
  2. 2 S. Joseph Wright‬ #4,590 worldwide 58k citations · 585 works
  3. 3 Dolores R. Piperno #5,646 worldwide 16k citations · 174 works
  4. 4 Helene C. Muller‐Landau #10,654 worldwide 29k citations · 271 works
  5. 5 Richard Condit #11,184 worldwide 27k citations · 257 works