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India vs Iraq

On research quality in 2022-now, India ranks #18 in the world and Iraq #187, of 189 countries. India stands higher in 26 of the 26 fields both publish in, Iraq in 0.

Research profiles alike: 0.73very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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India

World rank, 2022-now
#18
#20 all time
Works, 2022-now
1.4M
fractional
Top-10% rate
6.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
40%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, Complementary and alternative medicine.

Iraq

World rank, 2022-now
#187
#177 all time
Works, 2022-now
117k
fractional
Top-10% rate
4.7%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
78%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Drug Discovery, Numerical Analysis, Algebra and Number Theory.

Who leads, measure by measure?

India leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, citation excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate and citations per work. Iraq leads on 3 of 9 measures: open access, international co-authorship and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

India 51 level3 Iraq
  1. #18Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#187
  2. 0.67×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.43×
  3. 1.4MOutputfractional works, 2022-now117k
  4. 6.5%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited4.7%
  5. 12.0Citations per workall time, per fractional work5.1
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 40%Open accessof its works free to read, all time78%
  8. 11%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time15%
  9. +48%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+87%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

India stands higher in 26 of 26 fields, Iraq in 0. India leads most in Chemistry (#5 against #68). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

India 260 Iraq
  1. #17Agricultural and Biological Sciences#122
  2. #23Arts and Humanities#103
  3. #21Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#103
  4. #18Business, Management and Accounting#108
  5. #6Chemical Engineering#43
  6. #5Chemistry#68
  7. #19Computer Science#125
  8. #14Decision Sciences#76
  9. #27Dentistry#62
  10. #23Earth and Planetary Sciences#78
  11. #20Economics, Econometrics and Finance#107
  12. #15Energy#67
  13. #15Engineering#106
  14. #18Environmental Science#120
  15. #23Health Professions#105
  16. #28Immunology and Microbiology#71
  17. #14Materials Science#83
  18. #17Mathematics#80
  19. #30Medicine#150
  20. #27Neuroscience#71
  21. #23Nursing#64
  22. #8Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#44
  23. #19Physics and Astronomy#75
  24. #35Psychology#106
  25. #36Social Sciences#148
  26. #19Veterinary#30

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field India rankIraq rank India top 10%Iraq top 10% India worksIraq works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #17 #122 6.9% 3.1% 108k 8.3k
Arts and Humanities #23 #103 8.5% 5.7% 17k 3.3k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #21 #103 6.2% 3.0% 70k 5.5k
Business, Management and Accounting #18 #108 8.9% 5.7% 37k 2.8k
Chemical Engineering #6 #43 7.6% 5.7% 5.8k 348
Chemistry #5 #68 7.8% 6.4% 38k 3.2k
Computer Science #19 #125 6.5% 6.5% 167k 11k
Decision Sciences #14 #76 7.7% 6.2% 15k 1.3k
Dentistry #27 #62 4.1% 2.8% 15k 1.6k
Earth and Planetary Sciences #23 #78 7.0% 3.6% 14k 1.2k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #20 #107 7.3% 3.6% 22k 1.6k
Energy #15 #67 6.9% 7.8% 17k 1.5k
Engineering #15 #106 7.0% 5.7% 261k 22k
Environmental Science #18 #120 7.7% 4.6% 65k 5.7k
Health Professions #23 #105 6.8% 5.1% 29k 2.8k
Immunology and Microbiology #28 #71 5.7% 1.5% 10k 1.7k
Materials Science #14 #83 7.2% 7.3% 71k 5.2k
Mathematics #17 #80 9.0% 6.0% 17k 2.3k
Medicine #30 #150 4.8% 2.9% 254k 18k
Neuroscience #27 #71 5.9% 5.6% 19k 1.1k
Nursing #23 #64 6.6% 2.2% 8.5k 826
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #8 #44 6.4% 4.6% 11k 861
Physics and Astronomy #19 #75 6.2% 5.7% 26k 1.3k
Psychology #35 #106 5.2% 3.3% 26k 2.3k
Social Sciences #36 #148 7.2% 4.0% 61k 10k
Veterinary #19 #30 4.3% 1.4% 1.6k 210

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

India

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Deep Learning122k▲ 2.2×85 topics
  2. Machine Learning110k▲ 2.0×97 topics
  3. Epidemiology62k◆ 0.97×140 topics
  4. Sustainability43k◆ 1.10×139 topics
  5. Climate Change40k◆ 0.92×132 topics
  6. Neural Networks37k▲ 1.50×42 topics
  7. Healthcare37k▲ 1.99×43 topics
  8. Nanoparticles34k▲ 1.68×44 topics
  9. Environmental Impact34k▲ 1.22×74 topics
  10. Internet of Things32k▲ 2.3×33 topics
  11. Artificial Intelligence29k▲ 1.28×67 topics
  12. Convolutional Neural Networks29k▲ 2.5×14 topics
  13. Biomedical Applications29k▲ 1.51×36 topics
  14. Nanomaterials29k▲ 1.71×21 topics
  15. Inflammation29k▼ 0.84×83 topics
  16. Security29k▲ 2.6×31 topics
  17. Oxidative Stress28k◆ 1.04×63 topics
  18. Renewable Energy27k▲ 1.18×61 topics
  19. Antioxidant24k▲ 2.2×51 topics
  20. COVID-1924k◆ 1.13×34 topics
  21. Mechanical Properties23k▲ 1.44×39 topics
  22. Data Mining22k▲ 1.88×25 topics
  23. Wireless Sensor Networks22k▲ 3.1×23 topics
  24. Energy Efficiency22k▲ 1.47×46 topics
  25. Big Data21k▲ 1.37×37 topics
  26. Medical Imaging19k▲ 2.2×9 topics
  27. Graphene19k▲ 1.74×12 topics
  28. Feature Extraction19k▲ 2.6×10 topics
  29. IoT18k▲ 3.0×19 topics
  30. Environmental Monitoring18k▲ 2.9×19 topics
  31. Image Processing18k▲ 2.5×14 topics
  32. IoT Security17k▲ 3.5×3 topics
  33. Classification17k▲ 2.3×13 topics
  34. Smart Cities14k▲ 3.4×8 topics
  35. Big Data Analytics13k▲ 3.9×5 topics
  36. Privacy13k▲ 2.8×11 topics
  37. Cybersecurity13k▲ 3.1×6 topics
  38. Feature Selection12k▲ 3.5×6 topics
  39. India11k▲ 9.1×4 topics
  40. Smart Farming10k▲ 5.5×2 topics

Iraq

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Machine Learning6,208▲ 1.43×97 topics
  2. Deep Learning6,012▲ 1.33×85 topics
  3. Epidemiology5,468◆ 1.05×137 topics
  4. Inflammation3,503▲ 1.26×83 topics
  5. Nanoparticles3,313▲ 2.0×44 topics
  6. Environmental Impact3,295▲ 1.48×73 topics
  7. Oxidative Stress2,705▲ 1.26×63 topics
  8. Nanomaterials2,429▲ 1.78×21 topics
  9. Renewable Energy2,256▲ 1.19×61 topics
  10. Antioxidant2,179▲ 2.4×51 topics
  11. Remote Sensing2,135▲ 1.34×40 topics
  12. Mechanical Properties2,134▲ 1.67×39 topics
  13. Culture2,006▲ 2.9×40 topics
  14. Literature2,004▲ 2.8×60 topics
  15. History1,885▲ 2.1×57 topics
  16. Philosophy1,819▲ 3.1×41 topics
  17. Islam1,756▲ 6.5×5 topics
  18. Ethnicity1,752▲ 3.6×23 topics
  19. Toxicity1,738▲ 3.1×20 topics
  20. Synthesis1,692▲ 3.5×36 topics
  21. Social Influence1,656▲ 6.0×3 topics
  22. Antioxidant Activity1,634▲ 2.0×32 topics
  23. Science1,632▲ 5.1×10 topics
  24. Sharia Law1,610▲ 8.6×2 topics
  25. Malay Language1,609▲ 8.8×1 topic
  26. Heat Transfer1,598▲ 2.5×20 topics
  27. Artificial Neural Networks1,524▲ 2.6×10 topics
  28. Economic Security1,374▲ 5.0×7 topics
  29. Legal Regulation1,348▲ 4.6×8 topics
  30. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles1,328▲ 5.4×5 topics
  31. Strategic Planning1,280▲ 6.7×5 topics
  32. Design1,279▲ 6.0×6 topics
  33. Modernization1,265▲ 5.3×5 topics
  34. International Trade Law1,254▲ 7.3×2 topics
  35. Foresight1,252▲ 7.3×2 topics
  36. Public Oversight1,248▲ 7.8×1 topic
  37. Transport Policy1,248▲ 7.8×1 topic
  38. Air Force1,245▲ 8.1×1 topic
  39. Warfare1,245▲ 8.1×1 topic
  40. Recycled Materials923▲ 6.3×2 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

India has out-published Iraq every year since 1980.

still counting200k400kIndia391k in 2025Iraq31k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting2.5%5.0%7.5%India6.7% in 2025Iraq0.52% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%India6.6% in 2025Iraq5.1% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

India 32 level0 Iraq
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 2In the top 5000
  4. 15In the top 1,0000
  5. #16Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, India or Iraq?

India publishes 11.9× as much research as Iraq in 2022-now (1.4M against 117k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, India or Iraq?

6.5% of India's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 4.7% for Iraq.

Is India or Iraq growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +87% against 2018-21 for Iraq, and +48% for India.

Which has more open access research, India or Iraq?

78% of Iraq's research is free to read, against 40% of India's.

Which has more world-class institutions, India or Iraq?

India holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Iraq 0; in the top 1,000 it is 15 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

India

  1. 1Indian Institute of Science Bangalore7.1% top 10% · 8.1k works
  2. 2Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur9.3% top 10% · 10k works
  3. 3Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati7.3% top 10% · 7k works
  4. 4Indian Institute of Technology Bombay6.4% top 10% · 9.1k works
  5. 5Indian Institute of Technology Madras6.3% top 10% · 9.4k works
  6. 6Indian Institute of Technology Delhi8.4% top 10% · 11k works

Iraq

  1. 1University of Raparin11.5% top 10% · 638 works
  2. 2Koya University6.8% top 10% · 879 works
  3. 3University of Technology - Iraq6.5% top 10% · 4.7k works
  4. 4Tishk International University11.6% top 10% · 1k works
  5. 5Duhok Polytechnic University10.3% top 10% · 627 works
  6. 6Kurdistan Regional Government8.8% top 10% · 960 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

India

  1. 1 Sanjit Mitra #61 worldwide 167k citations · 467 works
  2. 2 C. Mishra #208 worldwide 84k citations · 251 works
  3. 3 Sachin Kumar Mangla #416 worldwide 25k citations · 373 works
  4. 4 S. J. Kapadia #575 worldwide 52k citations · 233 works
  5. 5 P. Ajith #693 worldwide 82k citations · 285 works

Iraq

  1. 1 Aso Mohammad Darwesh #14,894 worldwide 51k citations · 121 works
  2. 2 Ahmed Omar Bali #18,851 worldwide 46k citations · 89 works
  3. 3 Mokhtar Mohammadi #20,512 worldwide 15k citations · 151 works
  4. 4 Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed #24,716 worldwide 7.1k citations · 192 works
  5. 5 Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem #24,839 worldwide 6.4k citations · 111 works

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