Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan
On research quality in 2022-now, Kazakhstan ranks #91 in the world and Turkmenistan #149, of 189 countries. Kazakhstan stands higher in 21 of the 21 fields both publish in, Turkmenistan in 0.
Research profiles alike: 0.64similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured
Compare other countries
Kazakhstan
- World rank, 2022-now
- #91
- #85 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 40k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 7.7%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 68%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Fuel Technology, General Energy, Nuclear Energy and Engineering.
Turkmenistan
- World rank, 2022-now
- #149
- #190 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 1.1k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 3.9%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 70%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Aquatic Science, Fuel Technology, Economics and Econometrics.
Who leads, measure by measure?
Kazakhstan leads on 6 of 9 measures: research quality, citation excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work and international co-authorship. Turkmenistan leads on 1 of 9 measures: growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100 and open access.
- #91Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#149
- 0.69×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.66×
- 40kOutputfractional works, 2022-now1.1k
- 7.7%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited3.9%
- 5.0Citations per workall time, per fractional work1.3
- 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
- 68%Open accessof its works free to read, all time70%
- 30%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time21%
- +81%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+150%
A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.
Who leads in each field?
Kazakhstan stands higher in 21 of 21 fields, Turkmenistan in 0. Kazakhstan leads most in Social Sciences (#74 against #109). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.
- #96Agricultural and Biological Sciences-
- #73Arts and Humanities-
- #79Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-
- #91Business, Management and Accounting-
- #67Chemistry-
- #88Computer Science-
- #71Decision Sciences-
- #67Earth and Planetary Sciences-
- #89Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
- #66Energy-
- #77Engineering-
- #91Environmental Science-
- #93Health Professions-
- #64Immunology and Microbiology-
- #59Materials Science-
- #61Mathematics-
- #132Medicine-
- #58Neuroscience-
- #59Physics and Astronomy-
- #82Psychology-
- #74Social Sciences#109
Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.
The numbers behind each field
Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.
| Field | Kazakhstan rank | Turkmenistan rank | Kazakhstan top 10% | Turkmenistan top 10% | Kazakhstan works | Turkmenistan works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | #96 | - | 8.7% | - | 2.8k | - |
| Arts and Humanities | #73 | - | 10.0% | - | 1.5k | - |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | #79 | - | 6.5% | - | 1.1k | - |
| Business, Management and Accounting | #91 | - | 8.2% | - | 1.4k | - |
| Chemistry | #67 | - | 4.2% | - | 500 | - |
| Computer Science | #88 | - | 8.6% | - | 3.3k | - |
| Decision Sciences | #71 | - | 7.4% | - | 316 | - |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | #67 | - | 6.3% | - | 608 | - |
| Economics, Econometrics and Finance | #89 | - | 7.7% | - | 1.5k | - |
| Energy | #66 | - | 6.0% | - | 522 | - |
| Engineering | #77 | - | 6.6% | - | 7.1k | - |
| Environmental Science | #91 | - | 6.8% | - | 1.8k | - |
| Health Professions | #93 | - | 8.2% | - | 708 | - |
| Immunology and Microbiology | #64 | - | 6.8% | - | 232 | - |
| Materials Science | #59 | - | 6.1% | - | 1.4k | - |
| Mathematics | #61 | - | 6.5% | - | 806 | - |
| Medicine | #132 | - | 6.2% | - | 4.1k | - |
| Neuroscience | #58 | - | 7.0% | - | 239 | - |
| Physics and Astronomy | #59 | - | 6.2% | - | 736 | - |
| Psychology | #82 | - | 7.3% | - | 1.1k | - |
| Social Sciences | #74 | #109 | 9.6% | 4.7% | 8.1k | 536 |
What is each known for?
The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.
Kazakhstan
- Central Asia
- Air Force
- Malay Language
- Modernization
- Public Oversight
- Foresight
- Geopolitics
- Migration
- Regional Development
- Digital Economy
- Teacher Training
- Economic Security
- Food Security
- Pedagogy
- Digital Transformation
- Energy Efficiency
- Artificial Intelligence
- Sustainability
- Innovation
- Climate Change
- Sustainable Development
- Globalization
- Education
- Educational Technology
- Renewable Energy
- E-Learning
- Online Learning
- Legal Regulation
- Economic Development
- Digitalization
- Ethnicity
- Higher Education
- Culture
- Islam
- Strategic Planning
- International Trade Law
- Transport Policy
- Sharia Law
- Design
- Warfare
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Sustainable Development2,930▲ 4.0×107 topics
- Climate Change2,302▲ 1.83×125 topics
- Globalization2,060▲ 2.3×155 topics
- Innovation2,045▲ 4.3×77 topics
- Education1,859▲ 2.3×127 topics
- Sustainability1,598▲ 1.41×127 topics
- Educational Technology1,528▲ 2.8×47 topics
- Artificial Intelligence1,416▲ 2.1×65 topics
- Renewable Energy1,317▲ 1.96×59 topics
- Energy Efficiency1,275▲ 3.0×45 topics
- E-Learning1,254▲ 2.8×25 topics
- Digital Transformation1,221▲ 4.9×30 topics
- Online Learning1,056▲ 2.7×26 topics
- Pedagogy1,044▲ 4.5×27 topics
- Legal Regulation1,032▲ 9.9×8 topics
- Food Security1,014▲ 4.0×24 topics
- Economic Development995▲ 2.7×50 topics
- Economic Security965▲ 9.8×7 topics
- Digitalization959▲ 10×14 topics
- Teacher Training911▲ 3.2×26 topics
- Ethnicity894▲ 5.2×22 topics
- Digital Economy894▲ 9.6×19 topics
- Higher Education879▲ 3.6×30 topics
- Regional Development854▲ 5.4×21 topics
- Culture849▲ 3.5×33 topics
- Migration766▲ 4.8×30 topics
- Islam635▲ 6.6×5 topics
- Geopolitics627▲ 8.9×11 topics
- Strategic Planning618▲ 9.1×5 topics
- Foresight613▲ 10×2 topics
- International Trade Law612▲ 10×2 topics
- Public Oversight607▲ 11×1 topic
- Transport Policy607▲ 11×1 topic
- Modernization604▲ 7.1×5 topics
- Sharia Law592▲ 8.9×2 topics
- Malay Language592▲ 9.1×1 topic
- Design584▲ 7.7×6 topics
- Air Force572▲ 10×1 topic
- Warfare572▲ 10×1 topic
- Central Asia572▲ 17×4 topics
Turkmenistan
- Sharia Law
- Remote Monitoring
- Algorithmic Modeling
- Central Asia
- Language
- Innovative Pedagogies
- Neoliberalism
- Education Reform
- Biopolitics
- Water Efficiency
- Energy Consumption
- Global Governance
- Renewable Energy
- Industrial Enterprises
- Digital Economy
- Sustainability
- Student Competencies
- Educational Technologies
- Formative Assessment
- Language Teaching
- Pedagogy
- Digital Education
- Teaching Methods
- Critical Thinking
- Globalization
- Entrepreneurship
- Economic Development
- Innovation Economics
- Migration
- Climate Change Impact
- Irrigation
- Postcolonialism
- Crisis Management
- Innovation
- Digital Labour Theory
- Ethnicity
- Telemedicine
- Digitalization
- Biomedical Signal Processing
- Language Contact
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Pedagogy455▲ 53×12 topics
- Language Teaching451▲ 98×7 topics
- Digital Education446▲ 175×5 topics
- Formative Assessment443▲ 308×2 topics
- Teaching Methods442▲ 159×2 topics
- Educational Technologies442▲ 282×2 topics
- Critical Thinking442▲ 221×1 topic
- Student Competencies442▲ 393×1 topic
- Globalization323▲ 9.6×33 topics
- Sustainability298▲ 7.1×41 topics
- Entrepreneurship275▲ 40×4 topics
- Digital Economy272▲ 79×10 topics
- Economic Development266▲ 19×12 topics
- Industrial Enterprises260▲ 445×1 topic
- Innovation Economics260▲ 445×1 topic
- Renewable Energy175▲ 7.0×31 topics
- Migration154▲ 26×13 topics
- Global Governance147▲ 36×4 topics
- Climate Change Impact135▲ 34×2 topics
- Energy Consumption135▲ 35×2 topics
- Irrigation134▲ 404×1 topic
- Water Efficiency134▲ 404×1 topic
- Postcolonialism134▲ 54×2 topics
- Biopolitics134▲ 101×3 topics
- Crisis Management133▲ 152×1 topic
- Education Reform133▲ 320×1 topic
- Innovation36▲ 2.0×22 topics
- Neoliberalism35▲ 5.7×8 topics
- Digital Labour Theory29▲ 184×1 topic
- Innovative Pedagogies29▲ 184×1 topic
- Ethnicity25▲ 3.9×9 topics
- Language23▲ 5.3×9 topics
- Telemedicine22▲ 9.6×5 topics
- Central Asia22▲ 18×4 topics
- Digitalization21▲ 5.9×9 topics
- Algorithmic Modeling20▲ 152×1 topic
- Biomedical Signal Processing20▲ 152×1 topic
- Remote Monitoring20▲ 11×2 topics
- Language Contact19▲ 12×3 topics
- Sharia Law19▲ 7.7×1 topic
Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.
How has their output grown?
Kazakhstan has out-published Turkmenistan every year since 1982.
Fractional works per year.
Their share of all research
Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.
Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.
How much of it reaches the world top 10%
The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).
A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.
Who holds more of the world's best institutions?
A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.
- 0In the world top 500
- 0In the top 1000
- 0In the top 5000
- 0In the top 1,0000
- #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51
Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.
Which publishes more research, Kazakhstan or Turkmenistan?
Kazakhstan publishes 36.1× as much research as Turkmenistan in 2022-now (40k against 1.1k fractional works).
Whose research has more impact, Kazakhstan or Turkmenistan?
7.7% of Kazakhstan's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 3.9% for Turkmenistan.
Is Kazakhstan or Turkmenistan growing faster?
Output in 2022-25 was +150% against 2018-21 for Turkmenistan, and +81% for Kazakhstan.
Which has more open access research, Kazakhstan or Turkmenistan?
70% of Turkmenistan's research is free to read, against 68% of Kazakhstan's.
Which has more world-class institutions, Kazakhstan or Turkmenistan?
Kazakhstan holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Turkmenistan 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.
Which institutions lead in each country?
The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.
Kazakhstan
- 1Nazarbayev University14.3% top 10% · 3.1k works
- 2Suleyman Demirel University5.8% top 10% · 2.9k works
- 3L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University7.3% top 10% · 3.1k works
- 4Astana Medical University7.4% top 10% · 1.8k works
- 5Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University8.9% top 10% · 1.2k works
- 6Ahmet Yesevi University7.6% top 10% · 795 works
Turkmenistan
- 1Turkmen State Pedagogical Institute named Seidnazar Seydi4.0% top 10% · 797 works
- 2Institute of Archeology and Ethnography4.1% top 10% · 107 works
The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.
Who are the top researchers on each side?
The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.
Kazakhstan
- 1 Kairat Davletov #4,259 worldwide 125k citations · 151 works
- 2 Mukhtar Kulimbet #8,033 worldwide 26k citations · 91 works
- 3 Shazim Ali Memon #24,150 worldwide 9.8k citations · 153 works
- 4 Anas Hajar #24,262 worldwide 1.1k citations · 125 works
- 5 Mayowa Tosin Babalola #43,099 worldwide 3.7k citations · 74 works
Turkmenistan
- 1 Bart Lambert #809,629 worldwide 349 citations · 86 works
- 2 Luc Vrydaghs #2,868,565 worldwide 3k citations · 174 works
- 3 Pieter Bruegel #3,218,609 worldwide 113 citations · 80 works
- 4 Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea #3,244,893 worldwide 7 citations · 15 works
- 5 Tine Luk Meganck #3,400,089 worldwide 17 citations · 29 works