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Lebanon vs Serbia

On research quality in 2022-now, Serbia ranks #74 in the world and Lebanon #76, of 189 countries. Lebanon stands higher in 5 of the 23 fields both publish in, Serbia in 18.

Research profiles alike: 0.41similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Lebanon

World rank, 2022-now
#76
#75 all time
Works, 2022-now
15k
fractional
Top-10% rate
11.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
44%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Modeling and Simulation, Orthodontics, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Serbia

World rank, 2022-now
#74
#80 all time
Works, 2022-now
39k
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
59%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Biochemistry, Filtration and Separation, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Lebanon leads on 5 of 9 measures: citation excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Serbia leads on 3 of 9 measures: research quality, output and open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Lebanon 51 level3 Serbia
  1. #76Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#74
  2. 0.95×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.71×
  3. 15kOutputfractional works, 2022-now39k
  4. 11.8%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited7.4%
  5. 14.9Citations per workall time, per fractional work9.7
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 44%Open accessof its works free to read, all time59%
  8. 36%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time23%
  9. +17%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+3%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Lebanon stands higher in 5 of 23 fields, Serbia in 18. Serbia leads most in Mathematics (#46 against #66); Lebanon leads most in Psychology (#62 against #81). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Lebanon 518 Serbia
  1. #94Agricultural and Biological Sciences#70
  2. #81Arts and Humanities#67
  3. #72Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#69
  4. #72Business, Management and Accounting#67
  5. -Chemistry#56
  6. #60Computer Science#71
  7. -Decision Sciences#58
  8. -Dentistry#49
  9. -Earth and Planetary Sciences#69
  10. #61Economics, Econometrics and Finance#57
  11. -Energy#58
  12. #66Engineering#69
  13. #89Environmental Science#79
  14. #76Health Professions#82
  15. -Immunology and Microbiology#61
  16. #79Materials Science#60
  17. #66Mathematics#46
  18. #85Medicine#87
  19. #61Neuroscience#60
  20. -Nursing#63
  21. -Physics and Astronomy#50
  22. #62Psychology#81
  23. #84Social Sciences#83

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Lebanon rankSerbia rank Lebanon top 10%Serbia top 10% Lebanon worksSerbia works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #94 #70 11.3% 8.7% 451 2.9k
Arts and Humanities #81 #67 11.2% 6.8% 284 1.3k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #72 #69 9.2% 6.7% 615 1.7k
Business, Management and Accounting #72 #67 15.1% 9.0% 627 1.6k
Chemistry - #56 - 6.5% - 674
Computer Science #60 #71 13.0% 8.0% 1.1k 2.5k
Decision Sciences - #58 - 11.9% - 505
Dentistry - #49 - 8.7% - 247
Earth and Planetary Sciences - #69 - 8.7% - 466
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #61 #57 22.4% 11.4% 537 2k
Energy - #58 - 6.1% - 304
Engineering #66 #69 11.4% 5.6% 1.6k 5.4k
Environmental Science #89 #79 11.2% 6.2% 560 2.1k
Health Professions #76 #82 13.9% 8.0% 448 754
Immunology and Microbiology - #61 - 7.1% - 304
Materials Science #79 #60 8.1% 5.4% 248 996
Mathematics #66 #46 16.7% 11.2% 258 733
Medicine #85 #87 9.4% 6.8% 4.1k 6.9k
Neuroscience #61 #60 8.5% 6.9% 204 485
Nursing - #63 - 8.0% - 244
Physics and Astronomy - #50 - 4.3% - 752
Psychology #62 #81 13.5% 5.4% 585 1.2k
Social Sciences #84 #83 12.7% 8.0% 1.6k 4.7k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Lebanon

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology1,046▲ 1.56×136 topics
  2. Machine Learning685▲ 1.22×96 topics
  3. Deep Learning647◆ 1.12×82 topics
  4. Inflammation399◆ 1.12×83 topics
  5. Mental Health382▲ 1.59×46 topics
  6. Sustainability364◆ 0.89×102 topics
  7. COVID-19350▲ 1.60×29 topics
  8. Quality of Life349▲ 1.44×58 topics
  9. Renewable Energy336▲ 1.38×52 topics
  10. Treatment335▲ 1.64×52 topics
  11. Healthcare332▲ 1.73×36 topics
  12. Climate Change324▼ 0.71×106 topics
  13. Globalization312◆ 0.94×123 topics
  14. Environmental Impact300◆ 1.05×63 topics
  15. Public Health284▲ 1.16×66 topics
  16. Artificial Intelligence273◆ 1.14×59 topics
  17. Supply Chain Management268▲ 1.77×24 topics
  18. Pandemic264▲ 1.59×12 topics
  19. Diagnosis264▲ 1.68×41 topics
  20. Cardiovascular Disease253▲ 1.32×39 topics
  21. Risk Factors245▲ 1.32×37 topics
  22. Human Rights227▲ 1.32×67 topics
  23. Internet of Things222▲ 1.55×30 topics
  24. Depression218▲ 1.47×25 topics
  25. Economic Growth214▲ 1.56×31 topics
  26. Politics213▲ 4.8×19 topics
  27. Energy Efficiency208▲ 1.34×38 topics
  28. Governance206▲ 3.8×18 topics
  29. Chemotherapy198▲ 1.66×24 topics
  30. Identity197▲ 1.62×53 topics
  31. Security189▲ 1.68×30 topics
  32. Complications188▲ 2.2×17 topics
  33. Mortality181▲ 1.90×13 topics
  34. Refugees168▲ 8.1×9 topics
  35. Risk Management160▲ 2.0×17 topics
  36. Sovereignty152▲ 10×10 topics
  37. Infectious Diseases143▲ 2.6×9 topics
  38. Civil War139▲ 27×2 topics
  39. Lebanon129▲ 72×1 topic
  40. Sectarianism129▲ 72×1 topic

Serbia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainable Development1,762▲ 2.6×103 topics
  2. Epidemiology1,436▼ 0.82×138 topics
  3. Sustainability1,361▲ 1.27×126 topics
  4. Economic Growth1,315▲ 3.7×36 topics
  5. Machine Learning1,287◆ 0.88×95 topics
  6. Climate Change1,224◆ 1.03×125 topics
  7. Oxidative Stress969▲ 1.34×63 topics
  8. Regional Development957▲ 6.4×19 topics
  9. Financial Performance950▲ 3.9×16 topics
  10. Environmental Impact911▲ 1.22×72 topics
  11. Inflammation888◆ 0.95×83 topics
  12. Organizational Culture887▲ 5.2×15 topics
  13. Innovation Management834▲ 12×10 topics
  14. Agricultural Sustainability824▲ 17×6 topics
  15. Small and Medium Enterprises822▲ 11×10 topics
  16. Globalization815◆ 0.95×163 topics
  17. Artificial Intelligence811▲ 1.30×62 topics
  18. Rural Tourism780▲ 57×2 topics
  19. Leadership Emergence780▲ 130×1 topic
  20. Renewable Energy736▲ 1.16×61 topics
  21. Antioxidant610▲ 2.0×51 topics
  22. Ethnicity558▲ 3.4×21 topics
  23. Identity558▲ 1.76×72 topics
  24. International Relations547▲ 5.2×29 topics
  25. Antioxidant Activity510▲ 1.87×32 topics
  26. Religion449▲ 2.2×40 topics
  27. International Trade429▲ 7.0×11 topics
  28. Legal Regulation412▲ 4.2×8 topics
  29. Foreign Policy403▲ 24×4 topics
  30. Sovereign Debt Crises397▲ 22×2 topics
  31. Nation-Building395▲ 17×4 topics
  32. Flavonoids371▲ 3.3×12 topics
  33. Negotiation368▲ 24×3 topics
  34. Commercial Diplomacy359▲ 70×1 topic
  35. Economic Diplomacy359▲ 70×1 topic
  36. Conflict313▲ 4.4×11 topics
  37. Balkans284▲ 28×2 topics
  38. Eastern Europe264▲ 12×3 topics
  39. Post-war244▲ 48×1 topic
  40. Yugoslavia244▲ 48×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Serbia has out-published Lebanon every year since 1980.

still counting5k10k15kSerbia10k in 2025Lebanon4,203 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.10%0.20%0.30%Serbia0.18% in 2025Lebanon0.071% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Lebanon11.2% in 2025Serbia7.7% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Lebanon 23 level0 Serbia
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 1In the top 1,0000
  5. #46Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Lebanon or Serbia?

Serbia publishes 2.7× as much research as Lebanon in 2022-now (39k against 15k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Lebanon or Serbia?

11.8% of Lebanon's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 7.4% for Serbia.

Is Lebanon or Serbia growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +17% against 2018-21 for Lebanon, and +3% for Serbia.

Which has more open access research, Lebanon or Serbia?

59% of Serbia's research is free to read, against 44% of Lebanon's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Lebanon or Serbia?

Lebanon holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Serbia 0; in the top 1,000 it is 1 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Lebanon

  1. 1Lebanese American University24.6% top 10% · 2.3k works
  2. 2American University of Beirut10.8% top 10% · 3.2k works
  3. 3Holy Spirit University of Kaslik17.8% top 10% · 509 works
  4. 4Saint Joseph University8.7% top 10% · 1k works
  5. 5Lebanese University7.6% top 10% · 1.9k works
  6. 6Lebanese International University12.2% top 10% · 432 works

Serbia

  1. 1University of Belgrade7.3% top 10% · 14k works
  2. 2Singidunum University11.5% top 10% · 725 works
  3. 3University of Novi Sad7.5% top 10% · 6.6k works
  4. 4Univerzitet Union Nikola Tesla7.6% top 10% · 504 works
  5. 5Gulf University15.9% top 10% · 417 works
  6. 6University of Kragujevac8.7% top 10% · 2.4k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Lebanon

  1. 1 Elie I. Bouri #152 worldwide 29k citations · 467 works
  2. 2 Elie Georges Karam #15,821 worldwide 35k citations · 290 works
  3. 3 John Fayyad #72,447 worldwide 11k citations · 65 works
  4. 4 Omar S. Itani #72,719 worldwide 3.3k citations · 113 works
  5. 5 Aimée Karam #73,746 worldwide 12k citations · 75 works

Serbia

  1. 1 Dragan Stevan Pamucar #1,015 worldwide 30k citations · 791 works
  2. 2 Mihajlo Jakovljević #2,006 worldwide 151k citations · 290 works
  3. 3 Petar M Seferovic #2,543 worldwide 70k citations · 423 works
  4. 4 Irena Ilić #6,030 worldwide 99k citations · 203 works
  5. 5 Vladimir Šimić #6,734 worldwide 7.5k citations · 346 works