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Lithuania vs Pakistan

On research quality in 2022-now, Pakistan ranks #72 in the world and Lithuania #73, of 189 countries. Lithuania stands higher in 8 of the 25 fields both publish in, Pakistan in 17.

Research profiles alike: 0.12somewhat alike shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Lithuania

World rank, 2022-now
#73
#71 all time
Works, 2022-now
20k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
65%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Language and Linguistics, Algebra and Number Theory.

Pakistan

World rank, 2022-now
#72
#63 all time
Works, 2022-now
170k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
61%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Dentistry, Drug Discovery, Modeling and Simulation.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Pakistan leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, output, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Lithuania leads on 1 of 9 measures: open access. The two are level on excellence for its fields, top-10% rate and institutions in the world top 100.

Lithuania 13 level5 Pakistan
  1. #73Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#72
  2. 0.71×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.69×
  3. 20kOutputfractional works, 2022-now170k
  4. 8.4%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited8.5%
  5. 8.7Citations per workall time, per fractional work12.2
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 65%Open accessof its works free to read, all time61%
  8. 18%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time33%
  9. +6%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+50%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Lithuania stands higher in 8 of 25 fields, Pakistan in 17. Pakistan leads most in Mathematics (#42 against #72); Lithuania leads most in Psychology (#55 against #83). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Lithuania 817 Pakistan
  1. #63Agricultural and Biological Sciences#58
  2. #63Arts and Humanities#78
  3. #47Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#65
  4. #62Business, Management and Accounting#64
  5. -Chemical Engineering#36
  6. #64Chemistry#40
  7. #65Computer Science#49
  8. #59Decision Sciences#46
  9. -Dentistry#54
  10. #71Earth and Planetary Sciences#54
  11. #64Economics, Econometrics and Finance#63
  12. -Energy#38
  13. #62Engineering#49
  14. #70Environmental Science#50
  15. #63Health Professions#67
  16. -Immunology and Microbiology#62
  17. #56Materials Science#42
  18. #72Mathematics#42
  19. #83Medicine#100
  20. #50Neuroscience#63
  21. -Nursing#60
  22. -Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#38
  23. #60Physics and Astronomy#48
  24. #55Psychology#83
  25. #77Social Sciences#96

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Lithuania rankPakistan rank Lithuania top 10%Pakistan top 10% Lithuania worksPakistan works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #63 #58 12.2% 10.5% 1.1k 12k
Arts and Humanities #63 #78 8.7% 7.2% 1.2k 3.5k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #47 #65 8.2% 6.6% 796 7.7k
Business, Management and Accounting #62 #64 10.4% 10.6% 996 6.8k
Chemical Engineering - #36 - 14.5% - 472
Chemistry #64 #40 8.9% 13.5% 222 2.7k
Computer Science #65 #49 9.0% 13.3% 1.1k 11k
Decision Sciences #59 #46 11.8% 13.2% 207 2.1k
Dentistry - #54 - 4.1% - 1.6k
Earth and Planetary Sciences #71 #54 5.6% 12.5% 240 1k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #64 #63 10.1% 8.9% 683 5k
Energy - #38 - 11.2% - 2k
Engineering #62 #49 7.2% 12.6% 2.7k 18k
Environmental Science #70 #50 8.6% 10.5% 1.1k 6.9k
Health Professions #63 #67 8.3% 7.0% 479 4.2k
Immunology and Microbiology - #62 - 5.5% - 1.5k
Materials Science #56 #42 6.5% 10.8% 622 6.4k
Mathematics #72 #42 5.7% 17.8% 250 2.7k
Medicine #83 #100 7.3% 4.2% 2.9k 41k
Neuroscience #50 #63 7.9% 7.2% 255 1.6k
Nursing - #60 - 6.8% - 1.4k
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - #38 - 8.2% - 1.1k
Physics and Astronomy #60 #48 6.3% 14.1% 359 2.7k
Psychology #55 #83 8.6% 4.8% 850 6.6k
Social Sciences #77 #96 8.0% 6.8% 3.6k 19k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Lithuania

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainability824▲ 1.45×121 topics
  2. Climate Change727◆ 1.15×118 topics
  3. Epidemiology724▼ 0.78×135 topics
  4. Education679▲ 1.70×124 topics
  5. Globalization673▲ 1.47×156 topics
  6. Sustainable Development616▲ 1.70×98 topics
  7. Environmental Impact523▲ 1.32×70 topics
  8. Human Rights478▲ 2.0×81 topics
  9. Renewable Energy472▲ 1.40×55 topics
  10. Innovation454▲ 1.89×74 topics
  11. Mental Health415▲ 1.25×46 topics
  12. Artificial Intelligence405▲ 1.22×63 topics
  13. Pedagogy400▲ 3.4×30 topics
  14. Higher Education392▲ 3.2×32 topics
  15. Leadership360▲ 3.2×35 topics
  16. Energy Efficiency334▲ 1.56×43 topics
  17. Environmental Management326▲ 3.5×19 topics
  18. Economic Growth325▲ 1.72×34 topics
  19. European Union302▲ 5.8×27 topics
  20. Identity292▲ 1.73×72 topics
  21. Literature263▲ 2.1×51 topics
  22. International Relations262▲ 4.7×28 topics
  23. Learning248▲ 3.6×14 topics
  24. Ethics247▲ 2.1×50 topics
  25. Professional Identity240▲ 12×5 topics
  26. Entrepreneurship232▲ 2.5×22 topics
  27. Digital Competence226▲ 11×3 topics
  28. Soviet Union217▲ 17×3 topics
  29. Feminist Research215▲ 165×1 topic
  30. Social Competence215▲ 165×1 topic
  31. European Integration209▲ 16×6 topics
  32. Eastern Europe202▲ 17×3 topics
  33. Diplomacy177▲ 8.2×8 topics
  34. Cold War168▲ 12×5 topics
  35. Postcolonial Theory156▲ 26×4 topics
  36. Australia155▲ 42×1 topic
  37. Rhetoric151▲ 6.4×6 topics
  38. Social Perception142▲ 15×5 topics
  39. Imagology132▲ 57×1 topic
  40. National Stereotypes132▲ 57×1 topic

Pakistan

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology11k▲ 1.46×140 topics
  2. Machine Learning7,392▲ 1.16×97 topics
  3. Deep Learning6,265◆ 0.95×85 topics
  4. Inflammation4,657◆ 1.15×83 topics
  5. Globalization4,341◆ 1.15×168 topics
  6. Oxidative Stress4,170▲ 1.33×63 topics
  7. Climate Change4,164▼ 0.80×123 topics
  8. Mental Health4,103▲ 1.50×48 topics
  9. Environmental Impact3,677◆ 1.13×74 topics
  10. Quality of Life3,491▲ 1.26×60 topics
  11. COVID-193,438▲ 1.38×34 topics
  12. Nanomaterials3,401▲ 1.70×21 topics
  13. Cardiovascular Disease3,262▲ 1.50×39 topics
  14. Renewable Energy3,241▲ 1.17×58 topics
  15. Treatment3,225▲ 1.39×52 topics
  16. Security3,087▲ 2.4×31 topics
  17. Heat Transfer3,071▲ 3.3×20 topics
  18. Nanoparticles3,028▲ 1.26×44 topics
  19. Social Media3,003◆ 1.14×39 topics
  20. Risk Factors2,945▲ 1.40×37 topics
  21. Depression2,907▲ 1.73×26 topics
  22. Healthcare2,846▲ 1.31×42 topics
  23. Metabolic Syndrome2,569▲ 1.66×24 topics
  24. Antioxidant2,432▲ 1.85×51 topics
  25. Conflict2,333▲ 7.5×11 topics
  26. Toxicity2,031▲ 2.4×20 topics
  27. Leadership1,955▲ 2.1×41 topics
  28. Stress1,951▲ 2.8×11 topics
  29. Reconstruction1,805▲ 5.5×6 topics
  30. Experimental Investigation1,729▲ 8.7×5 topics
  31. Central Asia1,609▲ 12×4 topics
  32. Nation-Building1,573▲ 15×4 topics
  33. State-Building1,569▲ 23×2 topics
  34. Afghanistan1,549▲ 34×1 topic
  35. Pakistan1,549▲ 34×1 topic
  36. Review1,287▲ 5.6×5 topics
  37. Viscosity1,162▲ 8.6×4 topics
  38. Nanofluids1,154▲ 7.3×2 topics
  39. Convective Transport1,106▲ 13×1 topic
  40. Enhancement1,106▲ 13×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Pakistan has out-published Lithuania every year since 1980.

still counting20k40k60kPakistan50k in 2025Lithuania5,287 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.50%1.0%Pakistan0.86% in 2025Lithuania0.090% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Lithuania10.0% in 2025Pakistan7.4% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Lithuania 05 level0 Pakistan
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Lithuania or Pakistan?

Pakistan publishes 8.4× as much research as Lithuania in 2022-now (170k against 20k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Lithuania or Pakistan?

8.5% of Pakistan's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 8.4% for Lithuania.

Is Lithuania or Pakistan growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +50% against 2018-21 for Pakistan, and +6% for Lithuania.

Which has more open access research, Lithuania or Pakistan?

65% of Lithuania's research is free to read, against 61% of Pakistan's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Lithuania or Pakistan?

Lithuania holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Pakistan 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Lithuania

  1. 1Vytautas Magnus University9.8% top 10% · 1.7k works
  2. 2Vilnius University7.0% top 10% · 5.1k works
  3. 3Kaunas University of Technology11.3% top 10% · 2.1k works
  4. 4Vilnius Gediminas Technical University9.2% top 10% · 2.1k works
  5. 5Mykolas Romeris University8.3% top 10% · 635 works
  6. 6Klaipėda University7.7% top 10% · 550 works

Pakistan

  1. 1University of Management and Technology15.3% top 10% · 2k works
  2. 2COMSATS University Islamabad13.8% top 10% · 4.8k works
  3. 3University of Gujrat10.3% top 10% · 1.8k works
  4. 4Islamia University of Bahawalpur12.8% top 10% · 3.4k works
  5. 5National University of Sciences and Technology13.3% top 10% · 4.2k works
  6. 6Air University15.3% top 10% · 1.2k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Lithuania

  1. 1 Morteza Ghobakhloo #2,585 worldwide 15k citations · 136 works
  2. 2 Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas #8,332 worldwide 56k citations · 838 works
  3. 3 Dalia Štreimikienė #21,194 worldwide 25k citations · 825 works
  4. 4 Jelena Čelutkienė #36,225 worldwide 49k citations · 275 works
  5. 5 Tomas Baležentis #51,809 worldwide 12k citations · 422 works

Pakistan

  1. 1 Muhammad Qaiser Shahbaz #447 worldwide 62k citations · 849 works
  2. 2 Muhammad Faisal Irfan #968 worldwide 22k citations · 340 works
  3. 3 Asif Razzaq #2,269 worldwide 14k citations · 130 works
  4. 4 Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta #3,000 worldwide 371k citations · 1,872 works
  5. 5 Abdul Rehman Javed #4,600 worldwide 9.6k citations · 132 works