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Mongolia vs Nepal

On research quality in 2022-now, Mongolia ranks #107 in the world and Nepal #109, of 189 countries. Mongolia stands higher in 8 of the 21 fields both publish in, Nepal in 13.

Research profiles alike: 0.34somewhat alike shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Mongolia

World rank, 2022-now
#107
#119 all time
Works, 2022-now
6.4k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.0%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
55%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Fuel Technology, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Music.

Nepal

World rank, 2022-now
#109
#89 all time
Works, 2022-now
33k
fractional
Top-10% rate
4.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
76%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Drug Discovery, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, General Dentistry.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Mongolia leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, international co-authorship and growth. Nepal leads on 3 of 9 measures: output, citations per work and open access. The two are level on top-10% rate and institutions in the world top 100.

Mongolia 42 level3 Nepal
  1. #107Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#109
  2. 0.52×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.42×
  3. 6.4kOutputfractional works, 2022-now33k
  4. 5.0%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited4.8%
  5. 4.7Citations per workall time, per fractional work7.2
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 55%Open accessof its works free to read, all time76%
  8. 39%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time25%
  9. +58%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+54%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Mongolia stands higher in 8 of 21 fields, Nepal in 13. Nepal leads most in Agricultural and Biological Sciences (#89 against #107); Mongolia leads most in Social Sciences (#88 against #124). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Mongolia 813 Nepal
  1. #107Agricultural and Biological Sciences#89
  2. #68Arts and Humanities#76
  3. #88Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#82
  4. #95Business, Management and Accounting#103
  5. -Chemistry#54
  6. #105Computer Science#113
  7. -Decision Sciences#62
  8. -Dentistry#56
  9. #63Earth and Planetary Sciences#64
  10. #91Economics, Econometrics and Finance#93
  11. #95Engineering#91
  12. #98Environmental Science#84
  13. -Health Professions#84
  14. -Immunology and Microbiology#65
  15. -Materials Science#66
  16. -Mathematics#76
  17. #101Medicine#127
  18. -Neuroscience#68
  19. -Nursing#62
  20. #84Psychology#88
  21. #88Social Sciences#124

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Mongolia rankNepal rank Mongolia top 10%Nepal top 10% Mongolia worksNepal works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #107 #89 5.0% 5.5% 358 2.8k
Arts and Humanities #68 #76 6.3% 6.8% 485 990
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #88 #82 4.5% 4.9% 209 1k
Business, Management and Accounting #95 #103 4.9% 4.8% 269 1.4k
Chemistry - #54 - 9.4% - 245
Computer Science #105 #113 3.9% 5.0% 513 2k
Decision Sciences - #62 - 4.9% - 458
Dentistry - #56 - 2.3% - 386
Earth and Planetary Sciences #63 #64 3.3% 6.0% 216 253
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #91 #93 7.0% 3.9% 246 1.2k
Engineering #95 #91 3.3% 4.5% 603 3.1k
Environmental Science #98 #84 4.3% 5.1% 556 1.9k
Health Professions - #84 - 6.7% - 1.2k
Immunology and Microbiology - #65 - 5.6% - 312
Materials Science - #66 - 6.2% - 494
Mathematics - #76 - 7.7% - 292
Medicine #101 #127 5.2% 3.4% 742 8.6k
Neuroscience - #68 - 5.0% - 233
Nursing - #62 - 5.0% - 276
Psychology #84 #88 4.8% 5.3% 202 1k
Social Sciences #88 #124 6.1% 6.1% 1.2k 4k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Mongolia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change527▲ 2.6×105 topics
  2. Sustainability358▲ 1.97×106 topics
  3. Globalization307▲ 2.1×132 topics
  4. Artificial Intelligence271▲ 2.5×62 topics
  5. Machine Learning257◆ 1.04×88 topics
  6. Sustainable Development249▲ 2.1×83 topics
  7. Epidemiology227▼ 0.76×130 topics
  8. Deep Learning220▼ 0.86×81 topics
  9. Education190▲ 1.49×115 topics
  10. Adaptation165▲ 7.4×14 topics
  11. Ecological Knowledge164▲ 52×2 topics
  12. Innovation162▲ 2.1×71 topics
  13. Economic Development157▲ 2.6×41 topics
  14. Livelihoods149▲ 58×2 topics
  15. Land Management148▲ 57×2 topics
  16. Pastoralists147▲ 78×1 topic
  17. Rangeland Degradation147▲ 78×1 topic
  18. Economic Growth132▲ 2.2×33 topics
  19. Linguistics127▲ 11×9 topics
  20. History126▲ 2.4×45 topics
  21. Biodiversity114▲ 2.0×35 topics
  22. Etymology112▲ 32×2 topics
  23. Historical Phonology112▲ 32×2 topics
  24. Morphology111▲ 8.3×11 topics
  25. Language Contact104▲ 15×5 topics
  26. Virtual Reality103▲ 2.8×19 topics
  27. Syntax100▲ 19×3 topics
  28. Turkic94▲ 48×1 topic
  29. oral epics94▲ 48×1 topic
  30. Central Asia90▲ 17×4 topics
  31. Multimedia Technology83▲ 18×2 topics
  32. Economic Security80▲ 5.1×7 topics
  33. Arctic75▲ 9.1×4 topics
  34. Financial Security73▲ 9.2×3 topics
  35. Human-Computer Interaction70▲ 5.2×7 topics
  36. Eurasian Exchange61▲ 40×1 topic
  37. Silk Roads61▲ 40×1 topic
  38. Graphic Design59▲ 20×2 topics
  39. Digital Media Technology59▲ 21×1 topic
  40. Visual Communication Design59▲ 21×1 topic

Nepal

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology2,371▲ 1.61×135 topics
  2. Climate Change1,795▲ 1.78×118 topics
  3. Machine Learning1,547▲ 1.25×96 topics
  4. Deep Learning1,443◆ 1.13×85 topics
  5. Globalization1,274▲ 1.75×120 topics
  6. Sustainability1,243▲ 1.37×107 topics
  7. Education906▲ 1.42×107 topics
  8. COVID-19880▲ 1.83×31 topics
  9. Public Health754▲ 1.40×62 topics
  10. Treatment745▲ 1.65×52 topics
  11. Economic Growth711▲ 2.4×32 topics
  12. Environmental Impact703◆ 1.11×69 topics
  13. Quality of Life697▲ 1.30×57 topics
  14. Sustainable Development675▲ 1.16×94 topics
  15. Risk Factors662▲ 1.62×37 topics
  16. Diagnosis650▲ 1.88×41 topics
  17. Mental Health633▲ 1.19×45 topics
  18. Pandemic632▲ 1.72×13 topics
  19. Renewable Energy608◆ 1.13×55 topics
  20. Remote Sensing576▲ 1.27×42 topics
  21. Healthcare552▲ 1.31×38 topics
  22. Conflict544▲ 9.1×10 topics
  23. Cardiovascular Disease520▲ 1.23×39 topics
  24. Depression498▲ 1.53×25 topics
  25. Management494▲ 1.67×38 topics
  26. Food Security480▲ 2.4×22 topics
  27. Risk Management469▲ 2.7×17 topics
  28. Poverty416▲ 12×5 topics
  29. Social Inequality376▲ 3.8×11 topics
  30. IoT364▲ 2.6×19 topics
  31. Surgical Management362▲ 2.4×20 topics
  32. Maternal Mortality338▲ 4.1×5 topics
  33. Democratization326▲ 13×4 topics
  34. Identity Politics315▲ 18×3 topics
  35. Maoist Insurgency315▲ 161×1 topic
  36. Youth Employment315▲ 42×1 topic
  37. Community Health Workers245▲ 7.5×2 topics
  38. Health Inequalities239▲ 5.3×5 topics
  39. Child Mortality216▲ 8.1×1 topic
  40. Health Systems216▲ 8.1×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Nepal has out-published Mongolia every year since 1980.

still counting5k10kNepal9,772 in 2025Mongolia1,989 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%0.60%Nepal0.17% in 2025Mongolia0.034% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Nepal5.4% in 2025Mongolia5.3% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Mongolia 05 level0 Nepal
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Mongolia or Nepal?

Nepal publishes 5.1× as much research as Mongolia in 2022-now (33k against 6.4k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Mongolia or Nepal?

5.0% of Mongolia's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 4.8% for Nepal.

Is Mongolia or Nepal growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +58% against 2018-21 for Mongolia, and +54% for Nepal.

Which has more open access research, Mongolia or Nepal?

76% of Nepal's research is free to read, against 55% of Mongolia's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Mongolia or Nepal?

Mongolia holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Nepal 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Mongolia

  1. 1National University of Mongolia4.4% top 10% · 1.2k works
  2. 2University of Finance and Economics4.8% top 10% · 561 works
  3. 3University of the Humanities9.3% top 10% · 603 works
  4. 4Mongolian Academy of Sciences2.2% top 10% · 827 works
  5. 5National Academy of Governance8.6% top 10% · 375 works
  6. 6Ider University5.8% top 10% · 187 works

Nepal

  1. 1Tribhuvan University4.7% top 10% · 16k works
  2. 2College of Medical Sciences4.8% top 10% · 558 works
  3. 3Nepal Development Research Institute8.8% top 10% · 409 works
  4. 4Pokhara University5.3% top 10% · 1.6k works
  5. 5Purbanchal University6.5% top 10% · 334 works
  6. 6Agriculture and Forestry University5.3% top 10% · 1.4k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Mongolia

  1. 1 Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu #26,249 worldwide 24k citations · 79 works
  2. 2 Yanjinlkham Munkhsaikhan #149,169 worldwide 3.7k citations · 25 works
  3. 3 Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar #171,998 worldwide 17k citations · 37 works
  4. 4 Болормаа Норов #173,089 worldwide 2.7k citations · 45 works
  5. 5 Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan #177,653 worldwide 2.4k citations · 82 works

Nepal

  1. 1 Meghnath Dhimal #20,212 worldwide 83k citations · 338 works
  2. 2 Arun Bhakta Shrestha #60,021 worldwide 17k citations · 187 works
  3. 3 Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal #65,202 worldwide 21k citations · 63 works
  4. 4 Krishna Kumar Aryal #72,386 worldwide 11k citations · 105 works
  5. 5 Santosh Nepal #88,994 worldwide 6.7k citations · 130 works