Science Explorer Interactive view Map
Field · Life Sciences

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics research

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics is a field of the Life Sciences. Science Explorer counts 471k research works in it since 1950. 16.7% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

In short: branch of biology concerning drugs.

Research works
471k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
79k
per year above
Top-10% rate
16.7%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Topics
25
Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
+13%
the tick is no change

What is Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics research about, and what is growing?

By the world's output in 2019–23, its most used keywords are Antioxidant, Pharmacology, Bioactive Compounds, Hepatoprotective, Cancer, Inflammation. Gaining share since 2009–13: Antimicrobial, Pharmacological, Anti-inflammatory, Ginger, Zingiber officinale. Losing share: Metabolism, Pharmacological Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Fluorine.

▲ gaining share of this field◆ holding its share▼ losing share

Size is the world's fractional works in 2019–23 in the topics tagged with each word; colour compares the word's share of this field with 2009–13. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Antioxidant22k▲ 1.19×7 topics
  2. Pharmacology20k◆ 1.02×5 topics
  3. Bioactive Compounds16k◆ 1.10×4 topics
  4. Hepatoprotective13k◆ 0.99×3 topics
  5. Cancer13k◆ 0.95×2 topics
  6. Inflammation11k◆ 0.90×2 topics
  7. Herbal Medicine11k◆ 0.90×2 topics
  8. Glycyrrhizin9,158▼ 0.81×1 topic
  9. Licorice9,158▼ 0.81×1 topic
  10. Pharmacokinetics8,508▼ 0.67×2 topics
  11. Anti-inflammatory8,081▲ 1.86×3 topics
  12. Chitosan7,886▲ 1.34×1 topic
  13. Nanoparticles7,886▲ 1.34×1 topic
  14. Drug-Induced Liver Injury7,831▲ 1.48×1 topic
  15. Hepatotoxicity7,831▲ 1.48×1 topic
  16. Phytochemistry7,826◆ 0.97×3 topics
  17. Medicinal Chemistry6,704▼ 0.83×2 topics
  18. Toxicology6,279◆ 0.93×2 topics
  19. Microneedles6,059▲ 1.50×1 topic
  20. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles6,059▲ 1.50×1 topic
  21. Adverse Drug Reactions5,937▼ 0.86×2 topics
  22. Cyclodextrins5,588◆ 1.12×1 topic
  23. Solid Dispersions5,588◆ 1.12×1 topic
  24. Cytochrome P4505,376▼ 0.77×1 topic
  25. Pharmacogenetics5,376▼ 0.77×1 topic
  26. Metabolism5,375▼ 0.43×3 topics
  27. Antimicrobial Activity5,012◆ 0.91×2 topics
  28. Pharmacological4,990▲ 1.91×2 topics
  29. Total Synthesis4,723▲ 1.33×2 topics
  30. Drug Analysis4,651▲ 1.23×1 topic
  31. Forensic Toxicology4,651▲ 1.23×1 topic
  32. Antimicrobial4,110▲ 2.1×2 topics
  33. Fluorine4,069▼ 0.75×1 topic
  34. Pharmaceuticals4,069▼ 0.75×1 topic
  35. Cytotoxicity4,012◆ 0.87×1 topic
  36. Quinones4,012◆ 0.87×1 topic
  37. Pharmacological Effects3,510▼ 0.43×2 topics
  38. Ginger3,386▲ 1.77×1 topic
  39. Zingiber officinale3,386▲ 1.77×1 topic
  40. Pharmacovigilance3,364▲ 1.39×1 topic

Which countries lead Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics research?

On research quality in 2022–2025, the United States, China and India rank highest in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics. By volume, China and India publish the most (15k and 11k works in 2022–2025).

By research quality, 2022–2025

  1. 1 United States · #1 all time 17.1% top 10% · 8.9k works
  2. 2 China · #2 all time 25.4% top 10% · 15k works
  3. 3 India · #3 all time 11.4% top 10% · 11k works
  4. 4 United Kingdom · #4 all time 20.8% top 10% · 1.7k works
  5. 5 Indonesia · #14 all time 5.1% top 10% · 2.8k works
  6. 6 Italy · #8 all time 23.3% top 10% · 1.2k works
  7. 7 Canada · #6 all time 21.0% top 10% · 926 works
  8. 8 Australia · #7 all time 23.8% top 10% · 814 works
  9. 9 Germany · #5 all time 14.8% top 10% · 1.6k works
  10. 10 Iran · #16 all time 19.0% top 10% · 1.6k works

The track on each row is that row’s top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the composite score, which the rate is only one part of.

Of 45 countries ranked in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics. Composite of field-normalised excellence (50%), output (30%) and citations (20%); the bracket is the all-time rank.

All countries ranked in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 China 15k works
  2. 2 India 11k works
  3. 3 United States 8.9k works
  4. 4 Indonesia 2.8k works
  5. 5 Japan 2.6k works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 1.7k works
  7. 7 South Korea 1.7k works
  8. 8 Egypt 1.7k works
  9. 9 Brazil 1.6k works
  10. 10 Russia 1.6k works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 30.4%India: 23.2%United States: 18.3%Indonesia: 5.7%6 others listed: 22.4%30%largest
China15k · 30.4%India11k · 23.2%United States8,900 · 18.3%Indonesia2,790 · 5.7%6 others listed11k · 22.4%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics research?

Saveetha University (India) ranks first in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics on research quality in 2022–2025, followed by University of California, San Francisco and Johns Hopkins University.

By research quality, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Saveetha University India · Chennai · #62 all time 22.7% top 10% · 152 works
  2. 2 University of California, San Francisco United States · San Francisco · #6 all time 26.3% top 10% · 68 works
  3. 3 Johns Hopkins University United States · Baltimore · #2 all time 24.0% top 10% · 83 works
  4. 4 Harvard University United States · Cambridge · #1 all time 32.0% top 10% · 84 works
  5. 5 Airlangga University Indonesia · Surabaya 4.9% top 10% · 136 works
  6. 6 Yale University United States · New Haven · #5 all time 25.6% top 10% · 68 works
  7. 7 Sichuan University China · Chengdu 31.1% top 10% · 159 works
  8. 8 Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine China · Chengdu · #83 all time 40.5% top 10% · 165 works
  9. 9 Al-Azhar University Egypt · Cairo 26.1% top 10% · 92 works
  10. 10 Manipal Academy of Higher Education India · Manipal 22.4% top 10% · 98 works

The track on each row is that row’s top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the composite score, which the rate is only one part of.

Of 114 institutions above the floor of 40 fractional works in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics.

Top 100 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics institutions

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 King Saud University Saudi Arabia 242 works
  2. 2 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College China 239 works
  3. 3 Hindu College of Pharmacy India 239 works
  4. 4 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University China 187 works
  5. 5 Chinese Academy of Sciences China 178 works
  6. 6 Cairo University Egypt 173 works
  7. 7 China Pharmaceutical University China 166 works
  8. 8 Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine China 165 works
  9. 9 University of Baghdad Iraq 160 works
  10. 10 Beijing University of Chinese Medicine China 159 works

Who are the leading researchers in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics?

Among the most productive authors in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Louisa Degenhardt, Félix Carvalho and Bharat B. Aggarwal rank highest on the composite score.

  1. 1 Louisa Degenhardt Australia · #80 worldwide 5.7k citations · 164 works
  2. 2 Félix Carvalho Portugal · #172 worldwide 4.6k citations · 125 works
  3. 3 Bharat B. Aggarwal United States · #202 worldwide 4.2k citations · 117 works
  4. 4 Donald G. Truhlar United States · #255 worldwide 8.4k citations · 315 works
  5. 5 Peter Brooks Australia · #319 worldwide 2.2k citations · 187 works
  6. 6 Sidney Udenfriend United States · #957 worldwide 2.3k citations · 119 works
  7. 7 Corwin Hansch United States · #1,127 worldwide 2.9k citations · 94 works
  8. 8 Róbert Langer United States · #1,884 worldwide 4.2k citations · 244 works
  9. 9 Panos Vardas Greece · #2,157 worldwide 1.5k citations · 83 works
  10. 10 Julius Axelrod United States · #2,167 worldwide 1.9k citations · 90 works

Re-ranked on the composite score from the 5,000 highest-output authors in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics. Identities come from OpenAlex author disambiguation, which occasionally merges or splits people.

Top 100 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics researchers

Where is Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics research done?

The largest centres of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics research in 2022–2025 are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Guangzhou (China) and Nanjing (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Hassan, Alwar and Moga.

Largest cities, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Beijing China 1.9k works
  2. 2 Shanghai China 1.1k works
  3. 3 Guangzhou China 852 works
  4. 4 Nanjing China 735 works
  5. 5 Tokyo Japan 731 works
  6. 6 Seoul South Korea 672 works
  7. 7 Moscow Russia 651 works
  8. 8 Hangzhou China 614 works
  9. 9 Chengdu China 607 works
  10. 10 Chennai India 596 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. HassanIN · 36.9 works19×
  2. AlwarIN · 32.0 works17×
  3. MogaIN · 48.4 works17×
  4. AmlohIN · 93.8 works16×
  5. AhilyanagarIN · 54.6 works14×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics than the world average.

See Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics on the map

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics research by country

The best places for Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics research inside each country, with that country's researchers and world standing.

Where is the best place to study Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics?

Among universities, judged by research, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies and China Pharmaceutical University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 25.97%fractional works in this node (log) →share in the world top 10% →Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine: 165, 40.5%Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies: 94, 17.8%China Pharmaceutical University: 166, 27.3%Shenyang Pharmaceutical University: 187, 23.5%National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research: 36, 27.5%National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research: 45, 22.3%Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University: 66, 28.0%Beijing University of Chinese Medicine: 159, 21.4%Jamia Hamdard: 78, 27.0%King Saud University: 242, 24.4%Chengdu University o…China Pharmaceutical…Shenyang Pharmaceuti…Narsee Monjee Instit…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine China 67.140.5%10.5×165 -49.2%
2Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies India 60.317.8%10.6×94 +162.3%
3China Pharmaceutical University China 60.027.3%10.8×166 -39.1%
4Shenyang Pharmaceutical University China 59.023.5%20.0×187 -28.4%
5National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research India 58.627.5%21.4×36 +360.9%
6National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research India 58.422.3%26.0×45 +1103.9%
7Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia 56.428.0%3.5×66 +312.3%
8Beijing University of Chinese Medicine China 55.821.4%12.8×159 -35.7%
9Jamia Hamdard India 55.827.0%11.7×78 -15.7%
10King Saud University Saudi Arabia 55.624.4%3.7×242 +23.5%

Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.

Is Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics research growing?

Output in 2018–2022 was 13% higher than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Pharmacology and Nanomedicine Research, Hibiscus Plant Research Studies and Psidium guajava Extracts and Applications.

19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

  1. Pharmacology and Nanomedicine Research+925%
  2. Hibiscus Plant Research Studies+299%
  3. Psidium guajava Extracts and Applications+262%
  4. Ginger and Zingiberaceae research+165%
  5. Piperaceae Chemical and Biological Studies+145%
  6. Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions+129%
  7. Plant-based Medicinal Research-11%
  8. Medicinal Plant Pharmacodynamics Research-55%
  9. Organoselenium and organotellurium chemistry-56%
← shrinkingno changegrowing →

Growth in output from 2005–09 to 2015–19. Every topic is a page of its own.

What does Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics include?

Pharmacological Effects …46kPharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds: 46k fractional worksPharmacogenetics and Dru…44kPharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism: 44k fractional worksFluorine in Organic Chemistry: 41k fractional worksDrug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection: 36k fractional worksAdvanced Drug Delivery Systems: 31k fractional worksChemical Reactions and Isotopes: 27k fractional worksDrug Solubulity and Delivery Systems: 26k fractional worksAdvancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery: 25k fractional worksBioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents: 25k fractional worksPlant-based Medicinal Research: 23k fractional worksForensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis: 22k fractional worksPharmacy and Medical Practices: 18k fractional works

Area is fractional works in that topic. Every name below is a page of its own.