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Topic · Developmental Neuroscience

Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research

Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research is a research topic within Developmental Neuroscience. Science Explorer counts 40k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the neurotoxic effects of anesthetic agents, particularly during early development, leading to neuronal apoptosis, cognitive impairment, and altered synaptic plasticity. The research explores the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and potential learning disabilities associated with early exposure to general anesthetics, highlighting concerns about the impact on brain development.

  • Anesthesia
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Brain Development
  • Cognitive Impairment
  • Neuronal Apoptosis
  • General Anesthetics
  • Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
  • Early Exposure
  • Learning Disabilities
  • Synaptic Plasticity
Research works
40k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
4k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+4%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
32% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research

Which countries lead Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (1.3k and 1.3k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 1.3k works
  2. 2 United States 1.3k works
  3. 3 India 358 works
  4. 4 Russia 211 works
  5. 5 United Kingdom 187 works
  6. 6 Germany 173 works
  7. 7 Japan 167 works
  8. 8 Türkiye 154 works
  9. 9 Italy 127 works
  10. 10 South Korea 115 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 32.3%United States: 31.3%India: 8.7%Russia: 5.2%6 others listed: 22.5%32%largest
China1,325 · 32.3%United States1,281 · 31.3%India358 · 8.7%Russia211 · 5.2%6 others listed922 · 22.5%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research research, followed by Russian Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 70 works
  2. 2 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 57 works
  3. 3 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 45 works
  4. 4 Sichuan UniversityChina 42 works
  5. 5 Capital Medical UniversityChina 37 works
  6. 6 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 34 works
  7. 7 Nanjing Medical UniversityChina 28 works
  8. 8 Zhejiang UniversityChina 26 works
  9. 9 Fudan UniversityChina 26 works
  10. 10 Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 24 works

Who are the leading researchers in Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research include George Davey Smith, Guido Kroemer and Ronald C. Kessler.

  1. 1 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  2. 2 Guido Kroemer France 386k citations
  3. 3 Ronald C. Kessler United States 360k citations
  4. 4 Giuseppe Remuzzi Italy 328k citations
  5. 5 Karl John Friston United Kingdom 310k citations
  6. 6 Dan J. Stein South Africa 306k citations
  7. 7 Róbert Langer United States 303k citations
  8. 8 John Q. Trojanowski United States 286k citations
  9. 9 Wei Huang China 267k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research?

The most cited paper in Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research is "Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium." (Charles E. Murry, Robert B. Jennings, K A Reimer, 1986), with 7,857 citations. Next come "Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals" (7,814) and "Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus" (6,370).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Charles E. Murry, Robert B. Jennings, K A Reimer · Circulation Open access Nov 1986 7,857
2 Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals Manfred Zimmermann · Pain Jun 1983 7,814
3 Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus Peter S. Eriksson, Ekaterina Perfilieva, Thomas Björk‐Eriksson et al. · Nature Medicine Nov 1998 6,370
4 Delirium in elderly people Sharon K. Inouye, Rudi GJ Westendorp, Jane S. Saczynski · The Lancet Open access 27 Aug 2013 3,720
5 More hippocampal neurons in adult mice living in an enriched environment Gerd Kempermann, H. Georg Kuhn, Fred H. Gage · Nature Apr 1997 3,538
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research research done?

The largest centres of Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Moscow (Russia) and Guangzhou (China).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 132 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 110 works
  3. 3 MoscowRussia 89 works
  4. 4 GuangzhouChina 66 works
  5. 5 LondonUnited Kingdom 65 works
  6. 6 BostonUnited States 65 works
  7. 7 ChengduChina 62 works
  8. 8 NanjingChina 55 works
  9. 9 New YorkUnited States 53 works
  10. 10 SeoulSouth Korea 52 works
See Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research on the map

Where is the best place to study Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Sichuan University and Soochow University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 19.45%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of TorontoSoochow UniversitySichuan UniversityHarvard University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 78.215.9%4.3×70 -1.5%
2Sichuan UniversityChina 63.216.2%3.7×42 +70.2%
3Soochow UniversityChina 59.422.6%3.3×16 +24.5%
4University of TorontoCanada 58.322.7%2.3×23 -22.8%
5Tongji UniversityChina 58.229.5%1.5×11 +44.1%
6Anhui Medical UniversityChina 57.425.5%8.2×19 -6.0%
7Yale UniversityUnited States 57.418.1%2.5×14 +8.8%
8Fudan UniversityChina 57.215.4%3.2×26 +24.9%
9University of California, San FranciscoUnited States 57.212.8%4.0×14 +33.1%
10Zhejiang UniversityChina 56.815.8%1.9×26 +14.8%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research, country by country

Is Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 4% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.026% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research0.025% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research10.2% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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