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Topic · Electrical and Electronic Engineering

HVDC Systems and Fault Protection

HVDC Systems and Fault Protection is a research topic within Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Science Explorer counts 29k research works in it since 1950. 9.8% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the design, operation, control, and applications of Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) in High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems. It covers topics such as circuit topologies, power transmission, control strategies, fault detection, and voltage control, with a specific emphasis on the integration of MMC in offshore wind farms.

  • Modular Multilevel Converters
  • HVDC Transmission
  • Power Electronics
  • Voltage Source Converters
  • Power Systems
  • Control Strategies
  • Circuit Topologies
  • Offshore Wind Farms
  • Fault Detection
  • Voltage Control
Research works
29k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.8k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.8%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+10%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
61% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
HVDC Systems and Fault Protection

Which countries lead HVDC Systems and Fault Protection research?

By volume, China and India publish the most (4k and 706 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 4k works
  2. 2 India 706 works
  3. 3 United States 624 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom 219 works
  5. 5 Germany 205 works
  6. 6 ?? 170 works
  7. 7 South Korea 166 works
  8. 8 Iran 164 works
  9. 9 Italy 150 works
  10. 10 Canada 147 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 61.2%India: 10.7%United States: 9.5%United Kingdom: 3.3%6 others listed: 15.3%61%largest
China4,017 · 61.2%India706 · 10.7%United States624 · 9.5%United Kingdom219 · 3.3%6 others listed1,003 · 15.3%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead HVDC Systems and Fault Protection research?

By volume in 2022-now, State Grid Corporation of China (China) publishes the most HVDC Systems and Fault Protection research, followed by North China Electric Power University and China Southern Power Grid (China).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 State Grid Corporation of China (China)China 270 works
  2. 2 North China Electric Power UniversityChina 261 works
  3. 3 China Southern Power Grid (China)China 204 works
  4. 4 Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina 179 works
  5. 5 Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyChina 151 works
  6. 6 Zhejiang UniversityChina 128 works
  7. 7 Shanghai Electric (China)China 113 works
  8. 8 Shandong UniversityChina 108 works
  9. 9 Tsinghua UniversityChina 100 works
  10. 10 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 99 works

Who are the leading researchers in HVDC Systems and Fault Protection?

The most-cited researchers publishing on HVDC Systems and Fault Protection include Wei Huang, Kenji Watanabe and Richard Anthony Flavell.

  1. 1 Wei Huang China 267k citations
  2. 2 Kenji Watanabe Japan 237k citations
  3. 3 Richard Anthony Flavell United States 237k citations
  4. 4 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  5. 5 Frede Blaabjerg Denmark 203k citations
  6. 6 Hua Zhang Singapore 196k citations
  7. 7 Qiang Zhang China 184k citations
  8. 8 Martin J. White France 183k citations
  9. 9 H. Vincent Poor United States 165k citations
  10. 10 Huan Liu Australia 148k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in HVDC Systems and Fault Protection?

The most cited paper in HVDC Systems and Fault Protection is "Overview of Control and Grid Synchronization for Distributed Power Generation Systems" (Frede Blaabjerg, Remus Teodorescu, Marco Liserre et al., 2006), with 5,226 citations. Next come "Recent Advances and Industrial Applications of Multilevel Converters" (3,879) and "An innovative modular multilevel converter topology suitable for a wide power range" (2,900).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Overview of Control and Grid Synchronization for Distributed Power Generation Systems Frede Blaabjerg, Remus Teodorescu, Marco Liserre et al. · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics Oct 2006 5,226
2 Recent Advances and Industrial Applications of Multilevel Converters Samir Kouro, Mariusz Malinowski, K. Gopakumar et al. · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics Open access 14 Jun 2010 3,879
3 An innovative modular multilevel converter topology suitable for a wide power range Anton Lesnicar, Rainer Marquardt Conference paper 9 Jul 2004 2,900
4 Multilevel converters-a new breed of power converters Jih‐Sheng Lai, Fang Zheng Peng Conference paperOpen access 19 Nov 2002 2,671
5 Operation, Control, and Applications of the Modular Multilevel Converter: A Review Suman Debnath, Jiangchao Qin, Behrooz Bahrani et al. · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 5 Mar 2014 2,216
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is HVDC Systems and Fault Protection research done?

The largest centres of HVDC Systems and Fault Protection research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Guangzhou (China), Shanghai (China) and Wuhan (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Xi'an, Beijing and Yangpu.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 809 works
  2. 2 GuangzhouChina 315 works
  3. 3 ShanghaiChina 300 works
  4. 4 WuhanChina 273 works
  5. 5 NanjingChina 247 works
  6. 6 Xi'anChina 235 works
  7. 7 ChengduChina 169 works
  8. 8 HangzhouChina 159 works
  9. 9 JinanChina 133 works
  10. 10 ChangshaChina 122 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. Xi'an24.8 works46×
  2. Beijing94.7 works30×
  3. YangpuCN · 37.0 works25×
  4. Palo AltoUS · 56.0 works20×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in HVDC Systems and Fault Protection than the world average.

See HVDC Systems and Fault Protection on the map

Where is the best place to study HVDC Systems and Fault Protection?

Among universities, judged by research, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhejiang University and Aalborg University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 16.6%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Sun Yat-sen UniversityAalborg UniversityHuazhong University …Zhejiang University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 54.245.1%0.7×10 +89.0%
2Zhejiang UniversityChina 52.312.1%6.8×128 +9.7%
3Aalborg UniversityDenmark 51.623.4%15.7×63 -40.7%
4Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyChina 51.213.3%11.8×151 -3.4%
5Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 50.917.2%4.9×99 +10.9%
6Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina 50.610.1%14.5×179 -1.0%
7Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaSpain 50.620.9%8.6×21 +39.1%
8North China Electric Power UniversityChina 49.25.3%55.3×262 -3.9%
9Southeast UniversityChina 49.010.6%8.3×87 +13.5%
10Shandong UniversityChina 48.08.0%11.6×108 +9.7%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in HVDC Systems and Fault Protection, country by country

Is HVDC Systems and Fault Protection research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 10% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are HVDC Systems and Fault Protection.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is HVDC Systems and Fault Protection as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.031% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%HVDC Systems and Fault Protection0.037% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of HVDC Systems and Fault Protection over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%HVDC Systems and Fault Protection9.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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