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Topic · Mechanical Engineering

Iron and Steelmaking Processes

Iron and Steelmaking Processes is a research topic within Mechanical Engineering. Science Explorer counts 20k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the reduction kinetics of iron oxides using hydrogen and carbon monoxide in various ironmaking processes, particularly in the context of steel industry sustainability and energy efficiency. It also explores the potential applications of biomass and innovative metallurgical processes.

  • Reduction Kinetics
  • Iron Oxides
  • Hydrogen
  • Carbon Monoxide
  • Steel Industry
  • Blast Furnace
  • Sustainability
  • Biomass Applications
  • Energy Efficiency
  • Metallurgical Processes
Research works
20k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+32%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
59% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Iron and Steelmaking Processes

Which countries lead Iron and Steelmaking Processes research?

By volume, China and Russia publish the most (2k and 322 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 2k works
  2. 2 Russia 322 works
  3. 3 India 227 works
  4. 4 United States 210 works
  5. 5 Australia 123 works
  6. 6 Japan 115 works
  7. 7 Germany 107 works
  8. 8 Ukraine 97 works
  9. 9 Brazil 97 works
  10. 10 South Korea 83 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 59.4%Russia: 9.5%India: 6.7%United States: 6.2%6 others listed: 18.3%59%largest
China2,020 · 59.4%Russia322 · 9.5%India227 · 6.7%United States210 · 6.2%6 others listed622 · 18.3%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Iron and Steelmaking Processes research?

By volume in 2022-now, University of Science and Technology Beijing publishes the most Iron and Steelmaking Processes research, followed by Northeastern University and Central South University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 University of Science and Technology BeijingChina 244 works
  2. 2 Northeastern UniversityChina 194 works
  3. 3 Central South UniversityChina 131 works
  4. 4 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 89 works
  5. 5 North China University of Science and TechnologyChina 56 works
  6. 6 Chongqing UniversityChina 53 works
  7. 7 Kunming University of Science and TechnologyChina 53 works
  8. 8 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 50 works
  9. 9 Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyChina 45 works
  10. 10 Anhui University of TechnologyChina 41 works

Who are the leading researchers in Iron and Steelmaking Processes?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Iron and Steelmaking Processes include Guangming Zeng, Qiang Zhang and A. Pfeiffer.

  1. 1 Guangming Zeng China 204k citations
  2. 2 Qiang Zhang China 184k citations
  3. 3 A. Pfeiffer Germany 143k citations
  4. 4 Zhuang Liu China 142k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Iron and Steelmaking Processes?

The most cited paper in Iron and Steelmaking Processes is "The Thermo-Calc databank system" (Bo Sundman, Bo Jansson, Jan-Olof Andersson, 1985), with 3,363 citations. Next come "A unified correlation for estimating HHV of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels" (2,496) and "FactSage thermochemical software and databases, 2010–2016" (2,069).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Thermo-Calc databank system Bo Sundman, Bo Jansson, Jan-Olof Andersson · Calphad Apr 1985 3,363
2 A unified correlation for estimating HHV of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels Salim Abbasbhai Channiwala, P.P. Parikh · Fuel May 2002 2,496
3 FactSage thermochemical software and databases, 2010–2016 Christopher William Bale, Ève Bélisle, Patrice Chartrand et al. · Calphad Open access 9 Jun 2016 2,069
4 FactSage thermochemical software and databases — recent developments Christopher William Bale, Ève Bélisle, P. Chartrand et al. · Calphad 11 Oct 2008 1,666
5 Direct electrochemical reduction of titanium dioxide to titanium in molten calcium chloride George Zheng Chen, Derek John Fray, Tom W. Farthing · Nature Sep 2000 1,544
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Iron and Steelmaking Processes research done?

The largest centres of Iron and Steelmaking Processes research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shenyang (China), Changsha (China) and Moscow (Russia). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Anshan, Tangshan and Ma'anshan City.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 505 works
  2. 2 ShenyangChina 220 works
  3. 3 ChangshaChina 145 works
  4. 4 MoscowRussia 85 works
  5. 5 WuhanChina 79 works
  6. 6 Xi'anChina 76 works
  7. 7 ChongqingChina 72 works
  8. 8 ShanghaiChina 71 works
  9. 9 KunmingChina 70 works
  10. 10 YekaterinburgRussia 69 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. AnshanCN · 56.5 works80×
  2. TangshanCN · 61.6 works57×
  3. Ma'anshan CityCN · 40.5 works50×
  4. LeobenAT · 20.8 works45×
  5. BaotouCN · 31.0 works36×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Iron and Steelmaking Processes than the world average.

See Iron and Steelmaking Processes on the map

Where is the best place to study Iron and Steelmaking Processes?

Among universities, judged by research, Chengdu University of Technology, Northeastern University and University of Science and Technology Beijing score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 19.57%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Chengdu University o…Northeastern Univers…Central South Univer…University of Scienc…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Chengdu University of TechnologyChina 69.235.5%12.6×19 +575.0%
2Northeastern UniversityChina 65.414.7%56.5×194 +42.8%
3University of Science and Technology BeijingChina 64.011.3%81.6×244 +39.0%
4Central South UniversityChina 61.512.3%17.6×131 +84.5%
5Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina 55.124.5%4.4×30 +128.8%
6Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland 54.422.8%32.1×11 +37.0%
7Southeast UniversityChina 52.620.8%3.8×22 +36.3%
8Monash UniversityAustralia 50.926.1%2.4×9 +9.9%
9University of OuluFinland 50.715.2%13.0×14 +81.0%
10Montanuniversität LeobenAustria 50.612.5%79.2×20 +26.0%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Iron and Steelmaking Processes, country by country

Is Iron and Steelmaking Processes research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 32% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Iron and Steelmaking Processes.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Iron and Steelmaking Processes as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.019% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%Iron and Steelmaking Processes0.020% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Iron and Steelmaking Processes over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Iron and Steelmaking Processes10.1% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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