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City · Norway

Research in Tromsø

Science Explorer records 37 research institutions in Tromsø, Norway. The highest-ranked on research quality in 2022-now are UiT The Arctic University of Norway, University Hospital of North Norway and Nofima.

Research institutions
37
5 of them ranked worldwide
Research works
28k
▼ 3% vs 2018-21
Citations
761k
27.3 per fractional work, all time
Top-10% rate, 2022-now
22.6%
all institutions 10.0%
Active span
1950-2026
77 years on the record
Tromsø

A city carries no overall standing here. The quality score is built for institutions and countries, the units its floors and field normalisation were designed around. An empty rank on this page is a statement about the measure, not about the place.

Which research institutions are in Tromsø?

#InstitutionWorksAgainst the largest hereWorld rank
1UiT The Arctic University of NorwayUniversity 19,862 #730
2University Hospital of North NorwayHospital / health system 3,466 #5,956
3NofimaCompany 1,397 #8,845
4Norwegian Polar InstituteResearch facility 1,232 #10,894
5The FRAM CentreResearch facility 636 #9,164
6Akvaplan-nivaCompany 408 #24,601 all time
7Tromsø research foundationNonprofit 336 #16,376 all time
8Northern Research InstituteNonprofit 322 #14,980 all time
9GenØkNonprofit 110 not ranked
10ViGØR RehabiliteringssykehusHospital / health system 74 not ranked
11European Incoherent Scatter Scientific AssociationInstitution 72 not ranked
12Arctic Monitoring And Assessment ProgrammeInstitution 36 not ranked
13Lytix Biopharma (Norway)Company 27 not ranked
14North Energy (Norway)Company 27 not ranked
15Kongsberg Satellite Services (Norway)Company 26 not ranked
16Tidewater (Norway)Company 20 not ranked
17Halvors Tradisjonsfisk (Norway)Company 12 not ranked
18Nofi Tromsø (Norway)Company 11 not ranked
19Calanus (Norway)Company 7 not ranked
20Troms Kraft (Norway)Company 6 not ranked
21Norwegian Seafood CouncilInstitution 5 not ranked
22Troms FylkeskommuneGovernment institution 5 not ranked
23ArcticZymes (Norway)Company 5 not ranked
24Invenia (Norway)Company 4 not ranked
25Capia (Norway)Company 4 not ranked
26Biotec Pharmacon (Norway)Company 4 not ranked
27Prophylix Pharma (Norway)Company 4 not ranked
28Breivoll Inspection Technologies (Norway)Company 3 not ranked
29Olivita (Norway)Company 2 not ranked
30Orthogenics (Norway)Company 2 not ranked
31Norinnova (Norway)Company 2 not ranked
32Pharmasum Therapeutics (Norway)Company 1 not ranked
33Kvalvik (Norway)Company 1 not ranked
34SpareBank 1 Nord-NorgeInstitution 1 not ranked
35Nergård (Norway)Company 1 not ranked
36PolariaArchive 0 not ranked
37Profixio (Norway)Company 0 not ranked

By fractional works over the whole record; world rank on research quality in 2022-now. Bars are scaled to the largest institution in this city, not to anything off the page.

How concentrated the city is

The same institutions as shares of everything the list accounts for. A city that is one university and a city that is twelve read alike as a table and not at all alike here.

UiT The Arctic University of Norway: 70.6%University Hospital of North Norway: 12.3%Nofima: 5.0%Norwegian Polar Institute: 4.4%31 others listed: 7.7%71%largest
UiT The Arctic University of Norway20k · 70.6%University Hospital of North Norway3,466 · 12.3%Nofima1,397 · 5.0%Norwegian Polar Institute1,232 · 4.4%31 others listed2,174 · 7.7%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which fields of science does Tromsø work in?

In 2022-now, 37% of research in Tromsø is in Physical Sciences, 27% in Social Sciences. Its largest fields are Medicine (18%), Social Sciences (13%), Environmental Science (11%).

Physical Sciences: 1,968 fractional works · 36.5% of its workEnvironmental Science: 619 fractional works · 11.5% of its workEcology: 168 fractional works · 3.1% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 134 fractional works · 2.5% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 67 fractional works · 1.3% of its workEnvironmental Chemistry: 52 fractional works · 1.0% of its workHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis: 48 fractional works · 0.9% of its workNature and Landscape Conservation: 45 fractional works · 0.8% of its workPollution: 40 fractional works · 0.7% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 27 fractional works · 0.5% of its workWater Science and Technology: 14 fractional works · 0.3% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 13 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 10 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEngineering: 408 fractional works · 7.6% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 73 fractional works · 1.4% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 55 fractional works · 1.0% of its workAerospace Engineering: 41 fractional works · 0.8% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 37 fractional works · 0.7% of its workOcean Engineering: 33 fractional works · 0.6% of its workMechanics of Materials: 27 fractional works · 0.5% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 26 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMechanical Engineering: 22 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAutomotive Engineering: 20 fractional works · 0.4% of its workBuilding and Construction: 20 fractional works · 0.4% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComputational Mechanics: 13 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMedia Technology: 12 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSafety, Risk, Reliability and Quality: 12 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 339 fractional works · 6.3% of its workAtmospheric Science: 173 fractional works · 3.2% of its workOceanography: 87 fractional works · 1.6% of its workGeophysics: 31 fractional works · 0.6% of its workGeology: 20 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPaleontology: 16 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 13 fractional works · 0.2% of its workComputer Science: 291 fractional works · 5.4% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 117 fractional works · 2.2% of its workInformation Systems: 51 fractional works · 1.0% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 50 fractional works · 0.9% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 27 fractional works · 0.5% of its workComputational Theory and Mathematics: 13 fractional works · 0.2% of its workComputer Science Applications: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 21 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 106 fractional works · 2.0% of its workAstronomy and Astrophysics: 45 fractional works · 0.8% of its workAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics: 31 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSmaller subfields together: 29 fractional works · 0.5% of its workChemistry: 62 fractional works · 1.1% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 21 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSpectroscopy: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 29 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMathematics: 60 fractional works · 1.1% of its workApplied Mathematics: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 43 fractional works · 0.8% of its workMaterials Science: 54 fractional works · 1.0% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 21 fractional works · 0.4% of its workBiomaterials: 15 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 18 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEnergy: 23 fractional works · 0.4% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 6 fractional works · 0.1% of its workChemical Engineering: 7 fractional works · 0.1% of its workSocial Sciences: 1,446 fractional works · 26.8% of its workSocial Sciences: 697 fractional works · 12.9% of its workSociology and Political Science: 250 fractional works · 4.6% of its workEducation: 111 fractional works · 2.1% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 105 fractional works · 1.9% of its workSafety Research: 30 fractional works · 0.6% of its workHealth: 27 fractional works · 0.5% of its workDemography: 21 fractional works · 0.4% of its workLinguistics and Language: 18 fractional works · 0.3% of its workGeography, Planning and Development: 18 fractional works · 0.3% of its workAnthropology: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workGender Studies: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workCultural Studies: 13 fractional works · 0.3% of its workCommunication: 12 fractional works · 0.2% of its workLaw: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workTransportation: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPublic Administration: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 24 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPsychology: 325 fractional works · 6.0% of its workClinical Psychology: 100 fractional works · 1.9% of its workSocial Psychology: 91 fractional works · 1.7% of its workExperimental and Cognitive Psychology: 57 fractional works · 1.1% of its workDevelopmental and Educational Psychology: 54 fractional works · 1.0% of its workApplied Psychology: 19 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 3 fractional works · 0.1% of its workArts and Humanities: 205 fractional works · 3.8% of its workLanguage and Linguistics: 63 fractional works · 1.2% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 33 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPhilosophy: 24 fractional works · 0.4% of its workHistory: 22 fractional works · 0.4% of its workArcheology: 15 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHistory and Philosophy of Science: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 37 fractional works · 0.7% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 88 fractional works · 1.6% of its workStrategy and Management: 24 fractional works · 0.4% of its workOrganizational Behavior and Human Resource Management: 18 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMarketing: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 29 fractional works · 0.5% of its workDecision Sciences: 76 fractional works · 1.4% of its workInformation Systems and Management: 28 fractional works · 0.5% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 23 fractional works · 0.4% of its workStatistics, Probability and Uncertainty: 22 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.0% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 57 fractional works · 1.1% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 44 fractional works · 0.8% of its workSmaller subfields together: 13 fractional works · 0.2% of its workHealth Sciences: 1,244 fractional works · 23.1% of its workMedicine: 961 fractional works · 17.8% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 102 fractional works · 1.9% of its workEpidemiology: 75 fractional works · 1.4% of its workSurgery: 63 fractional works · 1.2% of its workPulmonary and Respiratory Medicine: 60 fractional works · 1.1% of its workCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine: 58 fractional works · 1.1% of its workOncology: 57 fractional works · 1.1% of its workPhysiology: 51 fractional works · 0.9% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 50 fractional works · 0.9% of its workPsychiatry and Mental health: 44 fractional works · 0.8% of its workPediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health: 37 fractional works · 0.7% of its workInfectious Diseases: 28 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPathology and Forensic Medicine: 24 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEndocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism: 23 fractional works · 0.4% of its workOrthopedics and Sports Medicine: 22 fractional works · 0.4% of its workRheumatology: 21 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNeurology: 21 fractional works · 0.4% of its workHematology: 20 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPharmacology: 20 fractional works · 0.4% of its workComplementary and alternative medicine: 18 fractional works · 0.3% of its workGeriatrics and Gerontology: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEmergency Medicine: 15 fractional works · 0.3% of its workNephrology: 14 fractional works · 0.3% of its workObstetrics and Gynecology: 13 fractional works · 0.2% of its workReproductive Medicine: 12 fractional works · 0.2% of its workHealth Informatics: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 86 fractional works · 1.6% of its workHealth Professions: 226 fractional works · 4.2% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 160 fractional works · 3.0% of its workHealth Information Management: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 49 fractional works · 0.9% of its workNursing: 27 fractional works · 0.5% of its workNutrition and Dietetics: 21 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 5 fractional works · 0.1% of its workDentistry: 25 fractional works · 0.5% of its workVeterinary: 6 fractional works · 0.1% of its workLife Sciences: 732 fractional works · 13.6% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 332 fractional works · 6.2% of its workMolecular Biology: 150 fractional works · 2.8% of its workGenetics: 50 fractional works · 0.9% of its workBiophysics: 31 fractional works · 0.6% of its workCancer Research: 28 fractional works · 0.5% of its workBiotechnology: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workCell Biology: 15 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMolecular Medicine: 12 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 30 fractional works · 0.6% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 202 fractional works · 3.7% of its workFood Science: 50 fractional works · 0.9% of its workAquatic Science: 50 fractional works · 0.9% of its workPlant Science: 33 fractional works · 0.6% of its workAnimal Science and Zoology: 25 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics: 19 fractional works · 0.3% of its workInsect Science: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 13 fractional works · 0.2% of its workNeuroscience: 99 fractional works · 1.8% of its workCognitive Neuroscience: 63 fractional works · 1.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 35 fractional works · 0.7% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 85 fractional works · 1.6% of its workImmunology: 56 fractional works · 1.0% of its workMicrobiology: 15 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 14 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 14 fractional works · 0.3% of its workALL ITS WORKTromsø5,390fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences14%Physical Sciences37%Health Sciences23%Social Sciences27%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this city does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 26 fields, with their numbers
    1. Environmental Science61911.5%
    2. Engineering4087.6%
    3. Earth and Planetary Sciences3396.3%
    4. Computer Science2915.4%
    5. Physics and Astronomy1062.0%
    6. Chemistry621.1%
    7. Mathematics601.1%
    8. Materials Science541.0%
    9. Energy230.4%
    10. Chemical Engineering70.1%
  2. Social Sciences1,44626.8%
    1. Social Sciences69712.9%
    2. Psychology3256.0%
    3. Arts and Humanities2053.8%
    4. Business, Management and Accounting881.6%
    5. Decision Sciences761.4%
    6. Economics, Econometrics and Finance571.1%
  3. Health Sciences1,24423.1%
    1. Medicine96117.8%
    2. Health Professions2264.2%
    3. Nursing270.5%
    4. Dentistry250.5%
    5. Veterinary60.1%
    1. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology3326.2%
    2. Agricultural and Biological Sciences2023.7%
    3. Neuroscience991.8%
    4. Immunology and Microbiology851.6%
    5. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics140.3%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What is Tromsø strongest at in research?

Relative to its size, research in Tromsø is most concentrated in Atmospheric Science, Oceanography and Aquatic Science (7.0× the world share in Atmospheric Science).

  1. Atmospheric ScienceSubfield · 144.8 works7.0×
  2. OceanographySubfield · 71.9 works5.4×
  3. Aquatic ScienceSubfield · 45.9 works5.3×
  4. BiophysicsSubfield · 26.6 works5.0×
  5. Environmental ChemistrySubfield · 48.0 works4.7×
  6. EcologySubfield · 147.4 works4.0×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient against the world baseline. Inside a single field a city is a meaningful unit, which is why this is where a city is measured at all.

The whole field profile

All 26 fields at once: above the ring is more than a place this size would be expected to do. A specialist and a generalist produce the same ranked list and a completely different shape.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.80× its world share, 180 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 1.14× its world share, 287 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 1.48× its world share, 70 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 1.17× its world share, 89 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.69× its world share, 12 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.41× its world share, 7 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 0.77× its world share, 57 worksChemistryComputer Science: 0.67× its world share, 247 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 3.84× its world share, 284 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 0.52× its world share, 22 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.51× its world share, 362 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 2.35× its world share, 552 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.27× its world share, 45 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.97× its world share, 54 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.83× its world share, 88 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 0.91× its world share, 21 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 1.60× its world share, 198 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.91× its world share, 828 worksMedicineNursing: 1.01× its world share, 24 worksNursingVeterinary: 0.79× its world share, 5 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 1.32× its world share, 180 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 0.53× its world share, 80 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 1.28× its world share, 59 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 0.51× its world share, 51 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 2.00× its world share, 288 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 1.06× its world share, 630 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Earth and Planetary Sciences, 3.8×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 26 fields, with their numbers
  1. Earth and Planetary Sciences3.84×284 works
  2. Environmental Science2.35×552 works
  3. Psychology2.00×288 works
  4. Health Professions1.60×198 works
  5. Immunology and Microbiology1.48×70 works
  6. Arts and Humanities1.32×180 works
  7. Decision Sciences1.28×59 works
  8. Neuroscience1.17×89 works
  9. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology1.14×287 works
  10. Social Sciences1.06×630 works
  11. Nursing1.01×24 works
  12. Mathematics0.97×54 works
  13. Dentistry0.91×21 works
  14. Medicine0.91×828 works
  15. Physics and Astronomy0.83×88 works
  16. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.80×180 works
  17. Veterinary0.79×5 works
  18. Chemistry0.77×57 works
  19. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.69×12 works
  20. Computer Science0.67×247 works
  21. Business, Management and Accounting0.53×80 works
  22. Energy0.52×22 works
  23. Engineering0.51×362 works
  24. Economics, Econometrics and Finance0.51×51 works
  25. Chemical Engineering0.41×7 works
  26. Materials Science0.27×45 works

Which keywords describe research in Tromsø?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Climate Change, Arctic, Aquaculture, Ocean Circulation, Remote Sensing, Sustainability, Hydrology and Fisheries Sustainability.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this city's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change545▲ 3.7×101 topics
  2. Epidemiology188◆ 0.87×126 topics
  3. Sustainability185▲ 1.41×83 topics
  4. Arctic153▲ 26×4 topics
  5. Remote Sensing151▲ 2.3×29 topics
  6. Environmental Impact123▲ 1.34×48 topics
  7. Mental Health104▲ 1.35×41 topics
  8. Aquaculture96▲ 7.0×8 topics
  9. Ocean Circulation89▲ 12×3 topics
  10. Food Security86▲ 2.9×15 topics
  11. Biodiversity80▲ 1.95×28 topics
  12. Hydrology68▲ 9.8×4 topics
  13. International Relations68▲ 5.2×20 topics
  14. Invasive Species67▲ 2.9×19 topics
  15. Vulnerability67▲ 5.4×8 topics
  16. Fisheries Sustainability66▲ 14×2 topics
  17. Decline64▲ 44×1 topic
  18. Sea Ice64▲ 44×1 topic
  19. Conservation64▲ 2.7×19 topics
  20. Geopolitics61▲ 7.5×6 topics
  21. Governance58▲ 3.3×12 topics
  22. Population Dynamics57▲ 4.1×10 topics
  23. Shipping57▲ 21×2 topics
  24. Trophic Cascades51▲ 10×2 topics
  25. Oil and Gas51▲ 27×2 topics
  26. Traditional Knowledge49▲ 21×3 topics
  27. Ecological Knowledge48▲ 21×2 topics
  28. Nutrition Transition48▲ 27×2 topics
  29. Maritime Transport47▲ 34×1 topic
  30. Northern Sea Route47▲ 34×1 topic
  31. Arctic Indigenous Peoples47▲ 50×1 topic
  32. community-based monitoring47▲ 50×1 topic
  33. Sea Level Rise43▲ 6.4×3 topics
  34. Permafrost41▲ 17×2 topics
  35. Ecosystem Management41▲ 13×4 topics
  36. Fish Population Dynamics40▲ 18×1 topic
  37. Marine Fisheries40▲ 18×1 topic
  38. Anaerobic40▲ 11×1 topic
  39. Methane Oxidation40▲ 9.3×1 topic
  40. Stakeholder Engagement40▲ 8.1×3 topics

What research is done in Tromsø?

Arctic and Antarctic ice…52Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics: 52 fractional worksArctic and Russian Polic…44Arctic and Russian Policy Studies: 44 fractional worksIndigenous Studies and Ecology: 41 fractional worksMethane Hydrates and Rel…37Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena: 37 fractional worksMarine and fisheries res…37Marine and fisheries research: 37 fractional worksCryospheric studies and observations: 31 fractional worksAquaculture Nutrition and Growth: 31 fractional worksCoastal and Marine Manag…26Coastal and Marine Management: 26 fractional worksFish Ecology and Management Studies: 26 fractional worksClimate change and permafrost: 24 fractional works
Atmospheric ScienceSociology and Political ScienceGeneral Health ProfessionsEnvironmental Chemistry4 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics Atmospheric Science 52 works
  2. 2 Arctic and Russian Policy Studies Sociology and Political Science 44 works
  3. 3 Indigenous Studies and Ecology General Health Professions 41 works
  4. 4 Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena Environmental Chemistry 37 works
  5. 5 Marine and fisheries research Global and Planetary Change 37 works
  6. 6 Cryospheric studies and observations Atmospheric Science 31 works
  7. 7 Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth Aquatic Science 31 works
  8. 8 Coastal and Marine Management Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law 26 works
  9. 9 Fish Ecology and Management Studies Nature and Landscape Conservation 26 works
  10. 10 Climate change and permafrost Atmospheric Science 24 works

Research output over time

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting20%40%Tromsø19.4% in 2025all institutions10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 34.8% in 2013.

Discussion

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