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Bulgaria vs Lebanon

On research quality in 2022-now, Lebanon ranks #76 in the world and Bulgaria #77, of 189 countries. Bulgaria stands higher in 14 of the 22 fields both publish in, Lebanon in 8.

Research profiles alike: 0.17somewhat alike shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Bulgaria

World rank, 2022-now
#77
#78 all time
Works, 2022-now
36k
fractional
Top-10% rate
4.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
44%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Numerical Analysis.

Lebanon

World rank, 2022-now
#76
#75 all time
Works, 2022-now
15k
fractional
Top-10% rate
11.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
44%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Modeling and Simulation, Orthodontics, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Lebanon leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work and international co-authorship. Bulgaria leads on 2 of 9 measures: output and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100 and open access.

Bulgaria 22 level5 Lebanon
  1. #77Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#76
  2. 0.52×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.95×
  3. 36kOutputfractional works, 2022-now15k
  4. 4.8%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited11.8%
  5. 9.6Citations per workall time, per fractional work14.9
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 44%Open accessof its works free to read, all time44%
  8. 24%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time36%
  9. +22%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+17%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Bulgaria stands higher in 14 of 22 fields, Lebanon in 8. Bulgaria leads most in Neuroscience (#41 against #61); Lebanon leads most in Psychology (#62 against #85). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Bulgaria 148 Lebanon
  1. #79Agricultural and Biological Sciences#94
  2. #57Arts and Humanities#81
  3. #60Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#72
  4. #81Business, Management and Accounting#72
  5. #50Chemistry-
  6. #83Computer Science#60
  7. #68Decision Sciences-
  8. #50Dentistry-
  9. #70Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  10. #75Economics, Econometrics and Finance#61
  11. #69Energy-
  12. #83Engineering#66
  13. #87Environmental Science#89
  14. #94Health Professions#76
  15. #60Immunology and Microbiology-
  16. #58Materials Science#79
  17. #54Mathematics#66
  18. #94Medicine#85
  19. #41Neuroscience#61
  20. #57Physics and Astronomy-
  21. #85Psychology#62
  22. #104Social Sciences#84

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Bulgaria rankLebanon rank Bulgaria top 10%Lebanon top 10% Bulgaria worksLebanon works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #79 #94 5.9% 11.3% 2.5k 451
Arts and Humanities #57 #81 6.0% 11.2% 1k 284
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #60 #72 5.2% 9.2% 1.6k 615
Business, Management and Accounting #81 #72 5.4% 15.1% 1.2k 627
Chemistry #50 - 6.4% - 626 -
Computer Science #83 #60 4.3% 13.0% 3.1k 1.1k
Decision Sciences #68 - 4.3% - 412 -
Dentistry #50 - 4.4% - 410 -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #70 - 3.0% - 756 -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #75 #61 6.1% 22.4% 926 537
Energy #69 - 2.7% - 424 -
Engineering #83 #66 3.4% 11.4% 6.2k 1.6k
Environmental Science #87 #89 4.1% 11.2% 1.9k 560
Health Professions #94 #76 3.7% 13.9% 674 448
Immunology and Microbiology #60 - 4.5% - 335 -
Materials Science #58 #79 3.7% 8.1% 1.1k 248
Mathematics #54 #66 7.4% 16.7% 722 258
Medicine #94 #85 4.8% 9.4% 5.9k 4.1k
Neuroscience #41 #61 5.2% 8.5% 435 204
Physics and Astronomy #57 - 4.0% - 817 -
Psychology #85 #62 4.6% 13.5% 722 585
Social Sciences #104 #84 6.5% 12.7% 3.3k 1.6k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Bulgaria

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change1,519▲ 1.36×126 topics
  2. Machine Learning1,477◆ 1.08×97 topics
  3. Epidemiology1,397▼ 0.85×138 topics
  4. Sustainability1,336▲ 1.33×130 topics
  5. Sustainable Development1,218▲ 1.89×109 topics
  6. Renewable Energy1,186▲ 1.99×60 topics
  7. Deep Learning1,146▼ 0.81×85 topics
  8. Artificial Intelligence951▲ 1.62×65 topics
  9. Environmental Impact804◆ 1.15×74 topics
  10. Oxidative Stress777◆ 1.15×62 topics
  11. Energy Efficiency769▲ 2.0×46 topics
  12. Globalization741◆ 0.92×164 topics
  13. Big Data727▲ 1.85×35 topics
  14. Inflammation726▼ 0.83×83 topics
  15. Neural Networks716◆ 1.13×42 topics
  16. Educational Technology621▲ 1.28×46 topics
  17. Innovation595▲ 1.40×85 topics
  18. Remote Sensing569◆ 1.13×41 topics
  19. Economic Growth567▲ 1.69×36 topics
  20. Internet of Things566▲ 1.61×31 topics
  21. Biodiversity544▲ 1.74×38 topics
  22. Antioxidant505▲ 1.79×51 topics
  23. Supply Chain Management470▲ 1.27×27 topics
  24. E-Learning449◆ 1.13×25 topics
  25. Cyber-Physical Systems444▲ 4.1×9 topics
  26. Invasive Species444▲ 2.5×21 topics
  27. Security411▲ 1.50×31 topics
  28. Antioxidant Activity407▲ 1.59×32 topics
  29. Digital Transformation402▲ 1.81×32 topics
  30. Environmental Management393▲ 2.4×22 topics
  31. Smart Grid350▲ 2.4×10 topics
  32. Optimization331▲ 1.79×26 topics
  33. Biogeography319▲ 2.8×20 topics
  34. Power Electronics304▲ 2.3×8 topics
  35. Phylogeny238▲ 3.5×17 topics
  36. Taxonomy224▲ 3.8×15 topics
  37. Mediterranean219▲ 6.0×6 topics
  38. Black Sea165▲ 11×2 topics
  39. Caspian Sea160▲ 14×1 topic
  40. paleoceanography160▲ 14×1 topic

Lebanon

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology1,046▲ 1.56×136 topics
  2. Machine Learning685▲ 1.22×96 topics
  3. Deep Learning647◆ 1.12×82 topics
  4. Inflammation399◆ 1.12×83 topics
  5. Mental Health382▲ 1.59×46 topics
  6. Sustainability364◆ 0.89×102 topics
  7. COVID-19350▲ 1.60×29 topics
  8. Quality of Life349▲ 1.44×58 topics
  9. Renewable Energy336▲ 1.38×52 topics
  10. Treatment335▲ 1.64×52 topics
  11. Healthcare332▲ 1.73×36 topics
  12. Climate Change324▼ 0.71×106 topics
  13. Globalization312◆ 0.94×123 topics
  14. Environmental Impact300◆ 1.05×63 topics
  15. Public Health284▲ 1.16×66 topics
  16. Artificial Intelligence273◆ 1.14×59 topics
  17. Supply Chain Management268▲ 1.77×24 topics
  18. Pandemic264▲ 1.59×12 topics
  19. Diagnosis264▲ 1.68×41 topics
  20. Cardiovascular Disease253▲ 1.32×39 topics
  21. Risk Factors245▲ 1.32×37 topics
  22. Human Rights227▲ 1.32×67 topics
  23. Internet of Things222▲ 1.55×30 topics
  24. Depression218▲ 1.47×25 topics
  25. Economic Growth214▲ 1.56×31 topics
  26. Politics213▲ 4.8×19 topics
  27. Energy Efficiency208▲ 1.34×38 topics
  28. Governance206▲ 3.8×18 topics
  29. Chemotherapy198▲ 1.66×24 topics
  30. Identity197▲ 1.62×53 topics
  31. Security189▲ 1.68×30 topics
  32. Complications188▲ 2.2×17 topics
  33. Mortality181▲ 1.90×13 topics
  34. Refugees168▲ 8.1×9 topics
  35. Risk Management160▲ 2.0×17 topics
  36. Sovereignty152▲ 10×10 topics
  37. Infectious Diseases143▲ 2.6×9 topics
  38. Civil War139▲ 27×2 topics
  39. Lebanon129▲ 72×1 topic
  40. Sectarianism129▲ 72×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Bulgaria has out-published Lebanon every year since 1980.

still counting5k10k15kBulgaria10k in 2025Lebanon4,203 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.10%0.20%0.30%Bulgaria0.18% in 2025Lebanon0.071% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Lebanon11.2% in 2025Bulgaria5.8% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Bulgaria 03 level2 Lebanon
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0001
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#46

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Bulgaria or Lebanon?

Bulgaria publishes 2.4× as much research as Lebanon in 2022-now (36k against 15k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Bulgaria or Lebanon?

11.8% of Lebanon's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 4.8% for Bulgaria.

Is Bulgaria or Lebanon growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +22% against 2018-21 for Bulgaria, and +17% for Lebanon.

Which has more open access research, Bulgaria or Lebanon?

44% of Lebanon's research is free to read, against 44% of Bulgaria's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Bulgaria or Lebanon?

Bulgaria holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Lebanon 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 1.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Bulgaria

  1. 1Bulgarian Academy of Sciences5.0% top 10% · 8.8k works
  2. 2College of Tourism8.7% top 10% · 779 works
  3. 3Angel Kanchev University of Ruse4.0% top 10% · 1.1k works
  4. 4Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"5.3% top 10% · 2.3k works
  5. 5New Bulgarian University3.6% top 10% · 500 works
  6. 6South-West University "Neofit Rilski"4.9% top 10% · 486 works

Lebanon

  1. 1Lebanese American University24.6% top 10% · 2.3k works
  2. 2American University of Beirut10.8% top 10% · 3.2k works
  3. 3Holy Spirit University of Kaslik17.8% top 10% · 509 works
  4. 4Saint Joseph University8.7% top 10% · 1k works
  5. 5Lebanese University7.6% top 10% · 1.9k works
  6. 6Lebanese International University12.2% top 10% · 432 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Bulgaria

  1. 1 A. Cimmino #8,111 worldwide 84k citations · 1,049 works
  2. 2 A. Cabrera #11,365 worldwide 33k citations · 472 works
  3. 3 L. Litov #17,576 worldwide 113k citations · 2,193 works
  4. 4 S. Stoykova #20,679 worldwide 47k citations · 461 works
  5. 5 V. Genchev #32,911 worldwide 54k citations · 539 works

Lebanon

  1. 1 Elie I. Bouri #152 worldwide 29k citations · 467 works
  2. 2 Elie Georges Karam #15,821 worldwide 35k citations · 290 works
  3. 3 John Fayyad #72,447 worldwide 11k citations · 65 works
  4. 4 Omar S. Itani #72,719 worldwide 3.3k citations · 113 works
  5. 5 Aimée Karam #73,746 worldwide 12k citations · 75 works