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Denmark vs Ireland

On research quality in 2022-now, Denmark ranks #15 in the world and Ireland #30, of 189 countries. Denmark stands higher in 26 of the 26 fields both publish in, Ireland in 0.

Research profiles alike: 0.78very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Denmark

World rank, 2022-now
#15
#14 all time
Works, 2022-now
99k
fractional
Top-10% rate
12.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
40%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Public Administration, Architecture, Medical Terminology.

Ireland

World rank, 2022-now
#30
#27 all time
Works, 2022-now
57k
fractional
Top-10% rate
12.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
42%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Terminology, Research and Theory.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Denmark leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, citation excellence for its fields, output, citations per work and institutions in the world top 100. Ireland leads on 3 of 9 measures: open access, international co-authorship and growth. The two are level on top-10% rate.

Denmark 51 level3 Ireland
  1. #15Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#30
  2. 1.25×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.01×
  3. 99kOutputfractional works, 2022-now57k
  4. 12.5%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited12.5%
  5. 26.7Citations per workall time, per fractional work23.1
  6. 1World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 40%Open accessof its works free to read, all time42%
  8. 28%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time28%
  9. -6%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+4%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Denmark stands higher in 26 of 26 fields, Ireland in 0. Denmark leads most in Energy (#10 against #36). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Denmark 260 Ireland
  1. #13Agricultural and Biological Sciences#29
  2. #16Arts and Humanities#34
  3. #12Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#26
  4. #15Business, Management and Accounting#32
  5. #17Chemical Engineering-
  6. #21Chemistry#28
  7. #18Computer Science#30
  8. #16Decision Sciences#27
  9. #21Dentistry#31
  10. #17Earth and Planetary Sciences#30
  11. #16Economics, Econometrics and Finance#32
  12. #10Energy#36
  13. #17Engineering#30
  14. #14Environmental Science#32
  15. #13Health Professions#26
  16. #17Immunology and Microbiology#23
  17. #22Materials Science#28
  18. #21Mathematics#36
  19. #11Medicine#26
  20. #17Neuroscience#25
  21. #15Nursing#28
  22. #16Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-
  23. #18Physics and Astronomy#35
  24. #18Psychology#25
  25. #12Social Sciences#32
  26. #13Veterinary-

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Denmark rankIreland rank Denmark top 10%Ireland top 10% Denmark worksIreland works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #13 #29 15.1% 16.0% 3.1k 2k
Arts and Humanities #16 #34 11.6% 12.3% 3.2k 2.3k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #12 #26 13.3% 12.2% 6.2k 2.9k
Business, Management and Accounting #15 #32 11.8% 17.5% 3.2k 1.3k
Chemical Engineering #17 - 11.6% - 337 -
Chemistry #21 #28 10.9% 11.0% 955 587
Computer Science #18 #30 10.6% 11.6% 5k 3.7k
Decision Sciences #16 #27 10.8% 13.3% 1.1k 540
Dentistry #21 #31 13.6% 15.8% 283 212
Earth and Planetary Sciences #17 #30 11.8% 11.9% 1.5k 598
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #16 #32 12.6% 11.8% 1.9k 1.3k
Energy #10 #36 14.0% 11.4% 822 304
Engineering #17 #30 11.9% 12.8% 11k 5.6k
Environmental Science #14 #32 12.0% 12.2% 4.9k 2.4k
Health Professions #13 #26 11.7% 11.6% 3.2k 2.7k
Immunology and Microbiology #17 #23 11.5% 12.5% 1.2k 573
Materials Science #22 #28 10.3% 13.2% 1.7k 1k
Mathematics #21 #36 12.4% 10.8% 769 441
Medicine #11 #26 14.0% 11.3% 27k 15k
Neuroscience #17 #25 12.5% 12.8% 2.1k 1.1k
Nursing #15 #28 13.0% 15.1% 520 363
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #16 - 10.8% - 302 -
Physics and Astronomy #18 #35 13.7% 9.5% 1.9k 841
Psychology #18 #25 10.4% 12.7% 4.4k 2.8k
Social Sciences #12 #32 11.3% 14.0% 12k 7.5k
Veterinary #13 - 12.1% - 271 -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Denmark

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology5,822▲ 1.32×139 topics
  2. Climate Change3,473▲ 1.16×126 topics
  3. Inflammation3,217▲ 1.37×83 topics
  4. Sustainability2,750◆ 1.02×131 topics
  5. Machine Learning2,504▼ 0.68×97 topics
  6. Quality of Life2,278▲ 1.43×60 topics
  7. Globalization2,263◆ 1.04×176 topics
  8. Cardiovascular Disease2,174▲ 1.73×39 topics
  9. Education2,081◆ 1.10×147 topics
  10. Renewable Energy2,029▲ 1.27×60 topics
  11. Treatment1,861▲ 1.39×52 topics
  12. Public Health1,829◆ 1.14×75 topics
  13. Oxidative Stress1,800◆ 0.99×63 topics
  14. Environmental Impact1,744◆ 0.93×73 topics
  15. Metabolic Syndrome1,625▲ 1.82×24 topics
  16. Depression1,460▲ 1.50×26 topics
  17. Qualitative Research1,416▲ 1.51×42 topics
  18. Risk Factors1,404▲ 1.16×37 topics
  19. Diagnosis1,396▲ 1.36×41 topics
  20. Obesity1,290▲ 1.52×29 topics
  21. Genetics1,241▲ 1.59×27 topics
  22. Pedagogy1,199▲ 2.2×30 topics
  23. Embodiment1,183▲ 5.7×7 topics
  24. Heart Failure1,160▲ 2.4×14 topics
  25. Ethics1,134▲ 2.0×59 topics
  26. Guidelines1,049▲ 2.0×13 topics
  27. Social Sciences1,023▲ 6.4×21 topics
  28. Tacit Knowledge969▲ 19×3 topics
  29. Ethical Guidelines909▲ 16×4 topics
  30. Social Science874▲ 22×8 topics
  31. Pragmatism857▲ 31×4 topics
  32. Dementia Care831▲ 62×2 topics
  33. Interactional Expertise826▲ 69×1 topic
  34. Technical Decision-making826▲ 69×1 topic
  35. Discourse Analysis817▲ 3.1×11 topics
  36. Glycemic Control744▲ 4.2×4 topics
  37. Gender Studies738▲ 4.4×18 topics
  38. Special Education709▲ 11×6 topics
  39. Methodology706▲ 13×7 topics
  40. Quantitative Methods681▲ 47×2 topics

Ireland

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology3,426▲ 1.32×140 topics
  2. Machine Learning1,968◆ 0.91×97 topics
  3. Deep Learning1,901▼ 0.85×85 topics
  4. Inflammation1,794▲ 1.30×83 topics
  5. Climate Change1,640◆ 0.93×126 topics
  6. Quality of Life1,554▲ 1.66×60 topics
  7. Public Health1,496▲ 1.58×74 topics
  8. Globalization1,471◆ 1.15×169 topics
  9. Mental Health1,411▲ 1.52×48 topics
  10. Sustainability1,365▼ 0.86×128 topics
  11. Identity1,177▲ 2.5×76 topics
  12. Risk Factors1,162▲ 1.63×37 topics
  13. Treatment1,069▲ 1.35×52 topics
  14. Nationalism979▲ 3.4×33 topics
  15. Healthcare974▲ 1.31×42 topics
  16. Depression963▲ 1.69×26 topics
  17. Cardiovascular Disease938▲ 1.27×39 topics
  18. Diagnosis800▲ 1.32×41 topics
  19. Mortality754▲ 2.0×13 topics
  20. Big Data735▲ 1.18×36 topics
  21. Metabolic Syndrome707▲ 1.34×24 topics
  22. Primary Care706▲ 2.9×15 topics
  23. Clinical Trials691▲ 1.59×19 topics
  24. Ethnicity682▲ 2.8×25 topics
  25. Aging678▲ 1.92×19 topics
  26. Clinical Practice Guidelines619▲ 1.73×14 topics
  27. Gender605▲ 1.73×57 topics
  28. Anxiety598▲ 1.93×12 topics
  29. Ethics595▲ 1.81×57 topics
  30. Conflict588▲ 5.6×11 topics
  31. Colonialism580▲ 1.88×50 topics
  32. Transition568▲ 9.9×6 topics
  33. Guidelines565▲ 1.84×13 topics
  34. Ethical Considerations545▲ 2.4×21 topics
  35. Reconciliation466▲ 42×2 topics
  36. Paramilitarism463▲ 37×2 topics
  37. Peace Process463▲ 37×2 topics
  38. Consociationalism460▲ 61×1 topic
  39. Northern Ireland460▲ 61×1 topic
  40. Elderly Patients408▲ 3.7×4 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Denmark has out-published Ireland every year since 1980.

still counting10k20k30kDenmark22k in 2025Ireland15k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.25%0.50%0.75%Denmark0.38% in 2025Ireland0.26% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Denmark13.3% in 2025Ireland11.9% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Denmark 50 Ireland
  1. 1In the world top 500
  2. 1In the top 1000
  3. 5In the top 5002
  4. 8In the top 1,0006
  5. #18Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#26

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Denmark or Ireland?

Denmark publishes 1.7× as much research as Ireland in 2022-now (99k against 57k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Denmark or Ireland?

12.5% of Denmark's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 12.5% for Ireland.

Is Denmark or Ireland growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +4% against 2018-21 for Ireland, and -6% for Denmark.

Which has more open access research, Denmark or Ireland?

42% of Ireland's research is free to read, against 40% of Denmark's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Denmark or Ireland?

Denmark holds 1 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Ireland 0; in the top 1,000 it is 8 against 6.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Denmark

  1. 1University of Copenhagen14.7% top 10% · 20k works
  2. 2Aarhus University12.2% top 10% · 18k works
  3. 3University of Southern Denmark13.1% top 10% · 8.4k works
  4. 4Technical University of Denmark11.8% top 10% · 11k works
  5. 5Aalborg University11.1% top 10% · 12k works
  6. 6Novo Nordisk Foundation22.6% top 10% · 696 works

Ireland

  1. 1Trinity College Dublin12.5% top 10% · 8.7k works
  2. 2University College Dublin13.3% top 10% · 11k works
  3. 3University College Cork12.4% top 10% · 6.3k works
  4. 4University of Limerick13.4% top 10% · 4k works
  5. 5Dublin City University14.9% top 10% · 3.6k works
  6. 6Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway13.3% top 10% · 4.6k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Denmark

  1. 1 Kannan Govindan #15 worldwide 54k citations · 477 works
  2. 2 Jens K. Nørskov #52 worldwide 260k citations · 883 works
  3. 3 Eske Willerslev #151 worldwide 74k citations · 463 works
  4. 4 Benjamin Kenneth Sovacool #435 worldwide 71k citations · 1,014 works
  5. 5 Seiji Fujimoto #675 worldwide 14k citations · 418 works

Ireland

  1. 1 John F. Cryan #7,253 worldwide 121k citations · 1,303 works
  2. 2 Daniel G. Bradley #7,738 worldwide 31k citations · 297 works
  3. 3 Sarbast Moslem #8,647 worldwide 4.1k citations · 161 works
  4. 4 Liam O’Mahony #8,737 worldwide 35k citations · 369 works
  5. 5 John Gerard Laffey #9,250 worldwide 42k citations · 705 works

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