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Mexico vs Romania

On research quality in 2022-now, Romania ranks #41 in the world and Mexico #42, of 189 countries. Mexico stands higher in 17 of the 26 fields both publish in, Romania in 9.

Research profiles alike: 0.06different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Mexico

World rank, 2022-now
#42
#39 all time
Works, 2022-now
177k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
52%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Social Sciences, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Development.

Romania

World rank, 2022-now
#41
#61 all time
Works, 2022-now
85k
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
58%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Orthodontics, Music.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Mexico leads on 4 of 9 measures: output, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Romania leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, citation excellence for its fields, top-10% rate and open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Mexico 41 level4 Romania
  1. #42Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#41
  2. 0.61×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.10×
  3. 177kOutputfractional works, 2022-now85k
  4. 5.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited9.1%
  5. 9.1Citations per workall time, per fractional work7.8
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 52%Open accessof its works free to read, all time58%
  8. 19%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time17%
  9. +11%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+9%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Mexico stands higher in 17 of 26 fields, Romania in 9. Mexico leads most in Social Sciences (#35 against #61); Romania leads most in Dentistry (#33 against #41). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Mexico 179 Romania
  1. #36Agricultural and Biological Sciences#53
  2. #38Arts and Humanities#49
  3. #43Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#48
  4. #48Business, Management and Accounting#55
  5. #39Chemical Engineering#37
  6. #43Chemistry#51
  7. #43Computer Science#55
  8. #55Decision Sciences#48
  9. #41Dentistry#33
  10. #43Earth and Planetary Sciences#39
  11. #49Economics, Econometrics and Finance#55
  12. #49Energy#51
  13. #50Engineering#53
  14. #37Environmental Science#43
  15. #41Health Professions#53
  16. #48Immunology and Microbiology#44
  17. #48Materials Science#47
  18. #47Mathematics#41
  19. #42Medicine#55
  20. #36Neuroscience#46
  21. #48Nursing#46
  22. #32Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#34
  23. #46Physics and Astronomy#42
  24. #45Psychology#51
  25. #35Social Sciences#61
  26. #23Veterinary-

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Mexico rankRomania rank Mexico top 10%Romania top 10% Mexico worksRomania works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #36 #53 6.6% 11.6% 17k 3.8k
Arts and Humanities #38 #49 7.8% 6.7% 6.8k 4k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #43 #48 5.7% 12.2% 8.6k 3k
Business, Management and Accounting #48 #55 6.3% 7.6% 5.2k 3.7k
Chemical Engineering #39 #37 3.1% 5.1% 438 263
Chemistry #43 #51 5.2% 8.7% 2.2k 1k
Computer Science #43 #55 6.2% 7.2% 10k 6.1k
Decision Sciences #55 #48 6.1% 9.3% 939 1k
Dentistry #41 #33 4.5% 14.8% 815 1k
Earth and Planetary Sciences #43 #39 4.7% 8.3% 2.7k 1.2k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #49 #55 6.1% 8.7% 5.2k 3k
Energy #49 #51 4.4% 6.5% 1.7k 862
Engineering #50 #53 4.6% 5.8% 15k 13k
Environmental Science #37 #43 5.8% 8.9% 12k 4.1k
Health Professions #41 #53 6.0% 11.9% 5.6k 1.7k
Immunology and Microbiology #48 #44 5.8% 13.1% 1.7k 608
Materials Science #48 #47 3.7% 7.0% 5k 2.7k
Mathematics #47 #41 6.7% 10.7% 1.8k 1.7k
Medicine #42 #55 4.9% 13.6% 29k 16k
Neuroscience #36 #46 5.9% 11.2% 2.2k 961
Nursing #48 #46 5.9% 16.8% 1.2k 398
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #32 #34 6.2% 16.6% 604 276
Physics and Astronomy #46 #42 4.5% 6.4% 3.2k 1.4k
Psychology #45 #51 5.4% 9.0% 5.8k 2.7k
Social Sciences #35 #61 7.4% 6.9% 32k 10k
Veterinary #23 - 6.2% - 338 -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Mexico

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education10k▲ 3.0×158 topics
  2. Sustainability10k▲ 2.1×137 topics
  3. Climate Change9,399▲ 1.70×130 topics
  4. Globalization8,952▲ 2.2×184 topics
  5. Epidemiology8,618◆ 1.06×140 topics
  6. Public Health6,974▲ 2.4×77 topics
  7. Innovation6,048▲ 2.9×90 topics
  8. Environmental Impact5,303▲ 1.52×72 topics
  9. Mental Health4,976▲ 1.71×48 topics
  10. Nutrition4,708▲ 5.2×19 topics
  11. Urban Development4,611▲ 6.4×21 topics
  12. COVID-194,573▲ 1.73×34 topics
  13. Latin America4,530▲ 12×23 topics
  14. Knowledge Management4,360▲ 3.9×42 topics
  15. Digital Marketing4,170▲ 5.3×6 topics
  16. Biodiversity4,105▲ 2.6×38 topics
  17. Human Rights4,091▲ 1.96×88 topics
  18. E-Learning3,984▲ 2.0×26 topics
  19. Health Promotion3,790▲ 5.9×18 topics
  20. Pedagogy3,573▲ 3.5×30 topics
  21. Small and Medium Enterprises3,547▲ 9.8×10 topics
  22. Community Participation3,536▲ 4.9×16 topics
  23. Teacher Training3,484▲ 2.8×30 topics
  24. Social Responsibility3,335▲ 7.1×14 topics
  25. Rural Development3,303▲ 4.7×23 topics
  26. Public Policy3,248▲ 3.4×31 topics
  27. Cultural Heritage3,182▲ 2.9×40 topics
  28. Innovation Ecosystems3,120▲ 15×4 topics
  29. Social Movements3,068▲ 5.1×33 topics
  30. Distance Learning3,050▲ 4.3×14 topics
  31. Communication2,849▲ 4.4×25 topics
  32. Globalization Effects2,796▲ 20×3 topics
  33. Tourism Management2,782▲ 20×2 topics
  34. City Branding2,776▲ 22×1 topic
  35. Psychopharmacology Education2,776▲ 22×1 topic
  36. Competitiveness2,753▲ 17×8 topics
  37. Sustainable Agriculture2,672▲ 4.2×18 topics
  38. University Students2,195▲ 19×2 topics
  39. ICT2,041▲ 7.5×5 topics
  40. Digital Competence2,021▲ 11×4 topics

Romania

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology3,763◆ 1.00×140 topics
  2. Sustainability3,280▲ 1.41×137 topics
  3. Machine Learning2,912◆ 0.92×97 topics
  4. Climate Change2,713◆ 1.05×129 topics
  5. Deep Learning2,665▼ 0.81×85 topics
  6. Globalization2,600▲ 1.39×176 topics
  7. Renewable Energy2,190▲ 1.60×60 topics
  8. Inflammation2,092◆ 1.04×83 topics
  9. Sustainable Development2,054▲ 1.38×109 topics
  10. Environmental Impact1,995▲ 1.23×73 topics
  11. Artificial Intelligence1,769▲ 1.31×67 topics
  12. Education1,636◆ 1.00×155 topics
  13. Oxidative Stress1,524◆ 0.98×63 topics
  14. Economic Growth1,476▲ 1.91×36 topics
  15. Innovation1,410▲ 1.44×88 topics
  16. Quality of Life1,338◆ 0.98×61 topics
  17. Neural Networks1,301◆ 0.89×42 topics
  18. Biomedical Applications1,283◆ 1.14×36 topics
  19. Energy Efficiency1,242▲ 1.42×45 topics
  20. Human Rights1,237▲ 1.27×90 topics
  21. COVID-191,236◆ 1.00×34 topics
  22. Social Media1,232◆ 0.94×41 topics
  23. Identity1,231▲ 1.79×78 topics
  24. Cardiovascular Disease1,225◆ 1.13×39 topics
  25. Treatment1,201◆ 1.04×52 topics
  26. Supply Chain Management1,200▲ 1.41×27 topics
  27. Mental Health1,199◆ 0.88×48 topics
  28. Big Data1,164▲ 1.28×37 topics
  29. Internet of Things1,149▲ 1.41×33 topics
  30. Mechanical Properties1,136▲ 1.22×39 topics
  31. Risk Factors1,082◆ 1.04×37 topics
  32. Environmental Management962▲ 2.5×23 topics
  33. Literature910▲ 1.75×62 topics
  34. Security909▲ 1.43×31 topics
  35. Ethics892▲ 1.86×60 topics
  36. Tissue Engineering846▲ 1.47×13 topics
  37. European Union631▲ 3.0×29 topics
  38. International Relations591▲ 2.6×29 topics
  39. Regional Disparities397▲ 8.9×2 topics
  40. Social Perception355▲ 8.9×4 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Mexico has out-published Romania every year since 1980.

still counting20k40k60kMexico49k in 2025Romania23k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.50%1.0%Mexico0.82% in 2025Romania0.38% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Romania11.2% in 2025Mexico6.1% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Mexico 23 level0 Romania
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 1In the top 1,0000
  5. #50Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Mexico or Romania?

Mexico publishes 2.1× as much research as Romania in 2022-now (177k against 85k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Mexico or Romania?

9.1% of Romania's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.9% for Mexico.

Is Mexico or Romania growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +11% against 2018-21 for Mexico, and +9% for Romania.

Which has more open access research, Mexico or Romania?

58% of Romania's research is free to read, against 52% of Mexico's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Mexico or Romania?

Mexico holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Romania 0; in the top 1,000 it is 1 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Mexico

  1. 1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México6.0% top 10% · 21k works
  2. 2Universidad del Noreste6.8% top 10% · 1.9k works
  3. 3Tecnológico de Monterrey11.7% top 10% · 5.5k works
  4. 4Universidad Internacional9.1% top 10% · 1.2k works
  5. 5Ibero American University7.6% top 10% · 1.5k works
  6. 6Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa6.2% top 10% · 1.3k works

Romania

  1. 1Ministry of Education19.4% top 10% · 712 works
  2. 2Bucharest University of Economic Studies8.5% top 10% · 3.5k works
  3. 3University of Oradea13.0% top 10% · 1.8k works
  4. 4West University of Timişoara9.2% top 10% · 1.9k works
  5. 5Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava8.1% top 10% · 1.7k works
  6. 6Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu11.1% top 10% · 1.8k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Mexico

  1. 1 I. Maldonado Cervantes #1,124 worldwide 25k citations · 196 works
  2. 2 Mostafa Hajiaghaei–Keshteli #1,732 worldwide 11k citations · 222 works
  3. 3 Matthew Paul Reynolds #3,407 worldwide 42k citations · 465 works
  4. 4 Ismael Campos‐Nonato #4,620 worldwide 168k citations · 131 works
  5. 5 Daniel Díaz #7,158 worldwide 127k citations · 198 works

Romania

  1. 1 D. Felea #4,035 worldwide 23k citations · 200 works
  2. 2 Ovidiu Chioncel #4,732 worldwide 55k citations · 351 works
  3. 3 Robert Ancuceanu #6,028 worldwide 74k citations · 151 works
  4. 4 Ionuţ Negoi #7,120 worldwide 154k citations · 380 works
  5. 5 Bogdan Oancea #7,278 worldwide 85k citations · 215 works