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Monaco vs Netherlands

On research quality in 2022-now, The Netherlands ranks #9 in the world and Monaco #143, of 189 countries. Monaco stands higher in 0 of the 26 fields both publish in, the Netherlands in 26.

Research profiles alike: 0.61similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Monaco

World rank, 2022-now
#143
#107 all time
Works, 2022-now
326
fractional
Top-10% rate
14.6%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
35%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Oceanography, Marketing, Biotechnology.

Netherlands

World rank, 2022-now
#9
#9 all time
Works, 2022-now
191k
fractional
Top-10% rate
14.6%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
48%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Medical Terminology, General Decision Sciences, Structural Biology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

The Netherlands leads on 7 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, citations per work, institutions in the world top 100, open access and growth. Monaco leads on 1 of 9 measures: international co-authorship. The two are level on top-10% rate.

Monaco 11 level7 Netherlands
  1. #143Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#9
  2. 1.11×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.42×
  3. 326Outputfractional works, 2022-now191k
  4. 14.6%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited14.6%
  5. 27.8Citations per workall time, per fractional work34.1
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1004
  7. 35%Open accessof its works free to read, all time48%
  8. 52%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time29%
  9. -4%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change-2%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Monaco stands higher in 0 of 26 fields, Netherlands in 26. Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Monaco 026 Netherlands
  1. -Agricultural and Biological Sciences#9
  2. -Arts and Humanities#8
  3. -Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#9
  4. -Business, Management and Accounting#5
  5. -Chemical Engineering#11
  6. -Chemistry#13
  7. -Computer Science#13
  8. -Decision Sciences#5
  9. -Dentistry#10
  10. -Earth and Planetary Sciences#8
  11. -Economics, Econometrics and Finance#6
  12. -Energy#17
  13. -Engineering#11
  14. -Environmental Science#10
  15. -Health Professions#8
  16. -Immunology and Microbiology#9
  17. -Materials Science#13
  18. -Mathematics#15
  19. -Medicine#6
  20. -Neuroscience#8
  21. -Nursing#9
  22. -Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#12
  23. -Physics and Astronomy#8
  24. -Psychology#6
  25. -Social Sciences#8
  26. -Veterinary#9

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Monaco rankNetherlands rank Monaco top 10%Netherlands top 10% Monaco worksNetherlands works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences - #9 - 16.5% - 5.4k
Arts and Humanities - #8 - 15.5% - 6k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - #9 - 13.3% - 11k
Business, Management and Accounting - #5 - 16.4% - 5.6k
Chemical Engineering - #11 - 12.6% - 542
Chemistry - #13 - 13.5% - 1.7k
Computer Science - #13 - 11.7% - 12k
Decision Sciences - #5 - 14.3% - 2.5k
Dentistry - #10 - 18.4% - 662
Earth and Planetary Sciences - #8 - 13.1% - 2.8k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance - #6 - 13.6% - 4.7k
Energy - #17 - 10.6% - 1.1k
Engineering - #11 - 11.6% - 20k
Environmental Science - #10 - 14.0% - 9k
Health Professions - #8 - 14.2% - 6.1k
Immunology and Microbiology - #9 - 13.9% - 2.5k
Materials Science - #13 - 11.7% - 3.1k
Mathematics - #15 - 12.2% - 1.9k
Medicine - #6 - 16.1% - 51k
Neuroscience - #8 - 12.6% - 5.3k
Nursing - #9 - 14.1% - 887
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - #12 - 13.2% - 446
Physics and Astronomy - #8 - 13.3% - 4.6k
Psychology - #6 - 15.3% - 9.7k
Social Sciences - #8 - 17.2% - 23k
Veterinary - #9 - 15.6% - 355

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Monaco

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change32▲ 3.1×48 topics
  2. Ocean Acidification24▲ 84×3 topics
  3. Epidemiology17◆ 1.11×77 topics
  4. Marine Ecosystems15▲ 72×2 topics
  5. Bleaching15▲ 118×1 topic
  6. Coral Reefs15▲ 118×1 topic
  7. Sustainability13▲ 1.36×38 topics
  8. Consumer Behavior12▲ 4.9×11 topics
  9. Environmental Impact12▲ 1.78×23 topics
  10. Corporate Governance10▲ 3.7×10 topics
  11. Oxidative Stress10▲ 1.64×26 topics
  12. Customer Experience8▲ 12×3 topics
  13. Coastal Protection8▲ 29×2 topics
  14. Marine Environment7▲ 13×3 topics
  15. Brand Equity7▲ 28×1 topic
  16. Brand Trust7▲ 35×1 topic
  17. Health Effects7▲ 3.0×15 topics
  18. Ecosystem Services7▲ 4.6×6 topics
  19. Social Capital6▲ 3.3×9 topics
  20. Benthic Communities6▲ 25×2 topics
  21. Marine Biodiversity6▲ 25×2 topics
  22. CO2 Emissions6▲ 8.3×3 topics
  23. Environmental Impacts5▲ 5.1×6 topics
  24. Aquaculture5▲ 5.2×4 topics
  25. Global Change5▲ 5.0×3 topics
  26. Human Health5▲ 8.1×2 topics
  27. Calcifying Organisms5▲ 107×1 topic
  28. Marine Organisms5▲ 107×1 topic
  29. Metagenomics5▲ 14×3 topics
  30. Climate Change Impacts5▲ 10×4 topics
  31. Ecosystem Resilience5▲ 8.0×4 topics
  32. Impulse Buying5▲ 23×1 topic
  33. Multichannel Retailing5▲ 23×1 topic
  34. Bioprospecting5▲ 43×2 topics
  35. Kelp Forests4▲ 38×1 topic
  36. Marine Natural Products4▲ 26×2 topics
  37. Microbial Symbionts4▲ 78×1 topic
  38. Seagrasses4▲ 38×1 topic
  39. Sponge-Associated Microorganisms4▲ 78×1 topic
  40. Stakeholder Engagement4▲ 11×3 topics

Netherlands

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology11k▲ 1.26×140 topics
  2. Climate Change6,594◆ 1.11×131 topics
  3. Machine Learning5,981▼ 0.82×97 topics
  4. Inflammation5,839▲ 1.26×83 topics
  5. Deep Learning5,083▼ 0.68×85 topics
  6. Sustainability4,728◆ 0.89×139 topics
  7. Quality of Life4,599▲ 1.46×61 topics
  8. Globalization4,492◆ 1.05×182 topics
  9. Mental Health3,903▲ 1.25×47 topics
  10. Public Health3,634◆ 1.14×77 topics
  11. Treatment3,313▲ 1.25×52 topics
  12. Cardiovascular Disease3,186▲ 1.28×39 topics
  13. Depression2,953▲ 1.54×26 topics
  14. Oxidative Stress2,939▼ 0.82×63 topics
  15. Risk Factors2,929▲ 1.22×37 topics
  16. Environmental Impact2,862▼ 0.77×74 topics
  17. Human Rights2,682▲ 1.20×91 topics
  18. Renewable Energy2,558▼ 0.81×58 topics
  19. Artificial Intelligence2,544▼ 0.82×67 topics
  20. Cancer2,462▼ 0.84×59 topics
  21. Chemotherapy2,404▲ 1.56×25 topics
  22. Diagnosis2,398▲ 1.18×41 topics
  23. Big Data2,310◆ 1.11×37 topics
  24. Biomarkers2,265▲ 1.49×18 topics
  25. Immunotherapy2,187▲ 1.39×19 topics
  26. Metabolic Syndrome2,179▲ 1.23×24 topics
  27. Genetics2,129▲ 1.38×27 topics
  28. Clinical Trials2,079▲ 1.43×19 topics
  29. Management2,062▲ 1.18×40 topics
  30. Clinical Practice Guidelines2,045▲ 1.71×14 topics
  31. Meta-Analysis1,965▲ 1.53×21 topics
  32. Obesity1,959▲ 1.17×29 topics
  33. Ethics1,957▲ 1.77×61 topics
  34. Neurological Disorders1,871▲ 1.50×20 topics
  35. Anxiety1,841▲ 1.78×12 topics
  36. Aging1,766▲ 1.49×19 topics
  37. Resilience1,708▲ 1.59×19 topics
  38. Guidelines1,685▲ 1.64×13 topics
  39. Heart Failure1,569▲ 1.61×14 topics
  40. Emotion Regulation1,534▲ 2.2×9 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

The Netherlands has out-published Monaco every year since 1980.

still counting20k40k60kNetherlands49k in 2025Monaco86 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting1.0%2.0%Netherlands0.83% in 2025Monaco0.0015% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting10%20%30%Monaco13.9% in 2025Netherlands13.6% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Monaco 01 level4 Netherlands
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1004
  3. 0In the top 50014
  4. 0In the top 1,00017
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#11

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Monaco or Netherlands?

The Netherlands publishes 586.9× as much research as Monaco in 2022-now (191k against 326 fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Monaco or Netherlands?

14.6% of Monaco's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 14.6% for the Netherlands.

Is Monaco or Netherlands growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was -2% against 2018-21 for the Netherlands, and -4% for Monaco.

Which has more open access research, Monaco or Netherlands?

48% of the Netherlands's research is free to read, against 35% of Monaco's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Monaco or Netherlands?

The Netherlands holds 4 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Monaco 0; in the top 1,000 it is 17 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Monaco

  1. 1International University of Monaco14.1% top 10% · 173 works
  2. 2Scientific Centre of Monaco19.1% top 10% · 91 works

Netherlands

  1. 1University of Amsterdam17.4% top 10% · 12k works
  2. 2Radboud University Nijmegen15.7% top 10% · 13k works
  3. 3Utrecht University15.8% top 10% · 15k works
  4. 4University of Groningen15.8% top 10% · 14k works
  5. 5Erasmus University Rotterdam16.6% top 10% · 11k works
  6. 6Leiden University15.6% top 10% · 11k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Monaco

  1. 1 Christine Ferrier‐Pagès #76,466 worldwide 16k citations · 332 works
  2. 2 Denis Allemand #77,538 worldwide 19k citations · 318 works
  3. 3 Éric Tambutté #79,835 worldwide 8.7k citations · 169 works
  4. 4 Didier Zoccola #169,874 worldwide 6.7k citations · 175 works
  5. 5 Sylvie Tambutté #172,332 worldwide 8.5k citations · 155 works

Netherlands

  1. 1 Hans C. Clevers #12 worldwide 260k citations · 1,323 works
  2. 2 Arnold B. Bakker #298 worldwide 189k citations · 745 works
  3. 3 Detlef Peter van Vuuren #407 worldwide 126k citations · 877 works
  4. 4 Nancy Bocken #490 worldwide 37k citations · 229 works
  5. 5 Lourens Poorter #512 worldwide 50k citations · 402 works

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