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Education Discipline and Inequality

Education Discipline and Inequality is a research topic within Education. Science Explorer counts 6.8k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the impact of school discipline policies on students, with a focus on disproportionality, zero tolerance policies, racial disparities, special education, restorative practices, and their implications for the juvenile justice system. It examines factors such as student behavior, suspension rates, and the importance of cultural responsiveness in addressing these issues.

  • School Discipline
  • Disproportionality
  • Zero Tolerance Policies
  • Racial Disparities
  • Special Education
  • Restorative Practices
  • Juvenile Justice System
  • Student Behavior
  • Suspension Rates
  • Cultural Responsiveness
Research works
6.8k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
687
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+21%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
80% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Education Discipline and Inequality

Which countries lead Education Discipline and Inequality research?

By volume, the United States and the United Kingdom publish the most (1.3k and 104 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 1.3k works
  2. 2 United Kingdom 104 works
  3. 3 Canada 56 works
  4. 4 Australia 42 works
  5. 5 China 30 works
  6. 6 South Africa 21 works
  7. 7 Philippines 18 works
  8. 8 India 18 works
  9. 9 Spain 17 works
  10. 10 Indonesia 17 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 79.9%United Kingdom: 6.5%Canada: 3.5%Australia: 2.6%6 others listed: 7.6%80%largest
United States1,288 · 79.9%United Kingdom104 · 6.5%Canada56 · 3.5%Australia42 · 2.6%6 others listed122 · 7.6%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Education Discipline and Inequality research?

By volume in 2022-now, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill publishes the most Education Discipline and Inequality research, followed by University of Virginia and City University of New York.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 24 works
  2. 2 University of VirginiaUnited States 20 works
  3. 3 City University of New YorkUnited States 18 works
  4. 4 University of Wisconsin–MadisonUnited States 15 works
  5. 5 The University of Texas at AustinUnited States 15 works
  6. 6 Arizona State UniversityUnited States 15 works
  7. 7 University of ChicagoUnited States 15 works
  8. 8 University of California, Los AngelesUnited States 14 works
  9. 9 Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 14 works
  10. 10 Virginia Commonwealth UniversityUnited States 14 works

Who are the leading researchers in Education Discipline and Inequality?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Education Discipline and Inequality include Michael E. Porter and Matthew Jay Budoff.

  1. 1 Michael E. Porter United States 165k citations
  2. 2 Matthew Jay Budoff United States 114k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Education Discipline and Inequality?

The most cited paper in Education Discipline and Inequality is "Critical Race Methodology: Counter-Storytelling as an Analytical Framework for Education Research" (Daniel G. Solórzano, Tara J. Yosso, 2002), with 4,169 citations. Next come "Mindsets That Promote Resilience: When Students Believe That Personal Characteristics Can Be Developed" (2,333) and "A Review of School Climate Research" (2,305).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Critical Race Methodology: Counter-Storytelling as an Analytical Framework for Education Research Daniel G. Solórzano, Tara J. Yosso · Qualitative Inquiry Feb 2002 4,169
2 Mindsets That Promote Resilience: When Students Believe That Personal Characteristics Can Be Developed David Scott Yeager, Carol Sorich Dweck · Educational Psychologist Oct 2012 2,333
3 A Review of School Climate Research Amrit Thapa, Jonathan A. Cohen, Shawn Guffey et al. · Review of Educational Research Open access 19 Apr 2013 2,305
4 School Climate: Research, Policy, Practice, and Teacher Education Jonathan A. Cohen, Elizabeth M. Mccabe, Nicholas M. Michelli et al. · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education 2009 2,021
5 The Color of Discipline: Sources of Racial and Gender Disproportionality in School Punishment Russell J. Skiba, Robert S. Michael, Abra Carroll Nardo et al. · The Urban Review Dec 2002 1,757
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Education Discipline and Inequality research done?

The largest centres of Education Discipline and Inequality research in 2022-now are New York (United States), Chicago (United States), Washington D.C. (United States) and Los Angeles (United States). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Charlottesville.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 New YorkUnited States 56 works
  2. 2 ChicagoUnited States 38 works
  3. 3 Washington D.C.United States 32 works
  4. 4 Los AngelesUnited States 32 works
  5. 5 BostonUnited States 25 works
  6. 6 Chapel HillUnited States 24 works
  7. 7 BaltimoreUnited States 21 works
  8. 8 CharlottesvilleUnited States 20 works
  9. 9 MadisonUnited States 17 works
  10. 10 LondonUnited Kingdom 17 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. CharlottesvilleUS · 20.0 works16×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Education Discipline and Inequality than the world average.

See Education Discipline and Inequality on the map

Where is the best place to study Education Discipline and Inequality?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Virginia, Vanderbilt University and Johns Hopkins University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 17.38%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Vanderbilt UniversityNew York UniversityUniversity of VirginiaJohns Hopkins Univer…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of VirginiaUnited States 73.016.8%20.6×20 +44.7%
2Vanderbilt UniversityUnited States 72.232.1%10.1×11 +94.5%
3Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 67.716.1%5.8×14 +96.1%
4New York UniversityUnited States 66.623.0%7.5×13 +66.1%
5University of MissouriUnited States 63.021.9%19.3×12 +39.5%
6The University of Texas at AustinUnited States 62.017.1%11.7×15 +15.3%
7City University of New YorkUnited States 60.013.3%20.4×18 +15.3%
8Arizona State UniversityUnited States 54.010.8%14.3×15 +34.1%
9Texas A&M UniversityUnited States 54.012.9%9.9×13 +121.4%
10University of California, Los AngelesUnited States 53.99.8%7.8×14 +43.4%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Education Discipline and Inequality, country by country

Is Education Discipline and Inequality research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 21% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Education Discipline and Inequality.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Education Discipline and Inequality as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0059% in 2024.

still counting0.0050%0.010%0.015%Education Discipline and Inequality0.0075% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Education Discipline and Inequality over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Education Discipline and Inequality10.2% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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