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Topic · Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

Foot and Ankle Surgery

Foot and Ankle Surgery is a research topic within Orthopedics and Sports Medicine. Science Explorer counts 29k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the epidemiology, assessment, treatment, and long-term outcomes of ankle injuries and disorders in sports medicine. It covers topics such as ankle sprains, balance tests for injury prediction, ankle arthroplasty, chronic instability, osteochondral lesions, and rehabilitation methods. The papers provide evidence-based insights into the prevalence, risk factors, clinical course, and management strategies for various ankle-related conditions.

  • Ankle Injuries
  • Sprains
  • Balance Test
  • Arthroplasty
  • Chronic Instability
  • Osteochondral Lesions
  • Epidemiology
  • Rehabilitation
  • Ligament Reconstruction
  • Ponseti Method
Research works
29k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.8k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+18%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
34% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Foot and Ankle Surgery

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Foot and Ankle Surgery research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (1.7k and 821 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 1.7k works
  2. 2 China 821 works
  3. 3 United Kingdom 446 works
  4. 4 India 381 works
  5. 5 Japan 363 works
  6. 6 South Korea 296 works
  7. 7 Germany 272 works
  8. 8 Türkiye 268 works
  9. 9 France 221 works
  10. 10 Spain 201 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 34.2%China: 16.5%United Kingdom: 9.0%India: 7.7%6 others listed: 32.6%34%largest
United States1,699 · 34.2%China821 · 16.5%United Kingdom446 · 9.0%India381 · 7.7%6 others listed1,621 · 32.6%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Foot and Ankle Surgery research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Foot and Ankle Surgery research, followed by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Peking University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 60 works
  2. 2 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterUnited States 54 works
  3. 3 Peking UniversityChina 41 works
  4. 4 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 40 works
  5. 5 Duke UniversityUnited States 32 works
  6. 6 New York UniversityUnited States 30 works
  7. 7 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 29 works
  8. 8 Hiroshima UniversityJapan 29 works
  9. 9 Fudan UniversityChina 27 works
  10. 10 Yonsei UniversitySouth Korea 27 works

Who are the leading researchers in Foot and Ankle Surgery?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Foot and Ankle Surgery include George Davey Smith, Cyrus Cooper and Luigi Ferrucci.

  1. 1 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  2. 2 Cyrus Cooper United Kingdom 342k citations
  3. 3 Luigi Ferrucci United States 281k citations
  4. 4 Patrick M. Bossuyt Netherlands 270k citations
  5. 5 Tommi Juhani Vasankari Finland 248k citations
  6. 6 Jasvinder A. Singh United States 247k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Foot and Ankle Surgery?

The most cited paper in Foot and Ankle Surgery is "Clinical Rating Systems for the Ankle-Hindfoot, Midfoot, Hallux, and Lesser Toes" (Harold B. Kitaoka, Ian James Alexander, Robert S. Adelaar et al., 1994), with 4,519 citations. Next come "Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking" (3,247) and "Factors of patellar instability: An anatomic radiographic study" (2,058).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Clinical Rating Systems for the Ankle-Hindfoot, Midfoot, Hallux, and Lesser Toes Harold B. Kitaoka, Ian James Alexander, Robert S. Adelaar et al. · Foot & Ankle International Jul 1994 4,519
2 Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking Murali P. Kadaba, H.K. Ramakrishnan, Mary E. Wootten · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Open access May 1990 3,247
3 Factors of patellar instability: An anatomic radiographic study H Dejour, Gilles Walch, Laurent Nové-Josserand et al. · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy Mar 1994 2,058
4 A Systematic Review on Ankle Injury and Ankle Sprain in Sports Daniel Tik-Pui Fong, Youlian Hong, Lap Ki Chan et al. · Sports Medicine ReviewOpen access 2007 1,496
5 Star Excursion Balance Test as a Predictor of Lower Extremity Injury in High School Basketball Players Phillip J. Plisky, Mitchell J. Rauh, Thomas W. Kaminski et al. · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 28 Nov 2006 1,425
All 98 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Foot and Ankle Surgery research done?

The largest centres of Foot and Ankle Surgery research in 2022-now are New York (United States), Shanghai (China), Beijing (China) and Seoul (South Korea). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Westerville, Rosemont and Hiroshima.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 New YorkUnited States 118 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 118 works
  3. 3 BeijingChina 117 works
  4. 4 SeoulSouth Korea 113 works
  5. 5 LondonUnited Kingdom 98 works
  6. 6 IstanbulTürkiye 84 works
  7. 7 TokyoJapan 82 works
  8. 8 São PauloBrazil 69 works
  9. 9 TehranIran 62 works
  10. 10 AmsterdamNetherlands 56 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. WestervilleUS · 24.7 works292×
  2. RosemontUS · 20.2 works87×
  3. HiroshimaJP · 31.1 works9.5×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Foot and Ankle Surgery than the world average.

See Foot and Ankle Surgery on the map

Where is the best place to study Foot and Ankle Surgery?

Among universities, judged by research, Duke University, Shanghai University of Sport and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 21.23%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Ludwig-Maximilians-U…Shanghai University …Duke UniversityHarvard University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Duke UniversityUnited States 76.021.1%6.2×32 +88.1%
2Shanghai University of SportChina 71.022.8%50.7×18 +108.6%
3Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGermany 70.626.6%3.8×21 +61.2%
4Harvard UniversityUnited States 70.312.3%3.0×60 +8.8%
5Peking UniversityChina 70.121.2%3.2×41 +68.4%
6University of AmsterdamNetherlands 69.518.3%5.4×21 +32.3%
7Shandong Sport UniversityChina 67.724.8%145.2×12 +886.9%
8University of IowaUnited States 62.917.2%6.8×21 +15.6%
9Beijing Sport UniversityChina 62.523.6%29.7×13 +369.1%
10Ghent UniversityBelgium 62.124.4%1.9×9 +24.6%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Foot and Ankle Surgery, country by country

Is Foot and Ankle Surgery research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 18% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Foot and Ankle Surgery.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Foot and Ankle Surgery as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.029% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%Foot and Ankle Surgery0.031% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Foot and Ankle Surgery over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Foot and Ankle Surgery9.9% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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