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Brunei vs Costa Rica

On research quality in 2022-now, Brunei ranks #83 in the world and Costa Rica #84, of 189 countries. Brunei stands higher in 4 of the 12 fields both publish in, Costa Rica in 8.

Research profiles alike: 0.26somewhat alike shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Brunei

World rank, 2022-now
#83
#95 all time
Works, 2022-now
3.8k
fractional
Top-10% rate
14.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
45%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Research and Theory, Accounting, Linguistics and Language.

Costa Rica

World rank, 2022-now
#84
#69 all time
Works, 2022-now
12k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.6%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
70%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Horticulture, Life-span and Life-course Studies, General Social Sciences.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Brunei leads on 6 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Costa Rica leads on 2 of 9 measures: output and open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Brunei 61 level2 Costa Rica
  1. #83Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#84
  2. 1.11×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.68×
  3. 3.8kOutputfractional works, 2022-now12k
  4. 14.2%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited5.6%
  5. 13.0Citations per workall time, per fractional work5.3
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 45%Open accessof its works free to read, all time70%
  8. 40%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time25%
  9. +69%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change-12%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Brunei stands higher in 4 of 12 fields, Costa Rica in 8. Costa Rica leads most in Medicine (#80 against #112); Brunei leads most in Engineering (#71 against #113). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Brunei 48 Costa Rica
  1. -Agricultural and Biological Sciences#71
  2. -Arts and Humanities#72
  3. -Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#78
  4. #71Business, Management and Accounting#75
  5. #77Computer Science#92
  6. -Economics, Econometrics and Finance#78
  7. #71Engineering#113
  8. #76Environmental Science#71
  9. -Health Professions#78
  10. #112Medicine#80
  11. -Psychology#74
  12. #73Social Sciences#75

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Brunei rankCosta Rica rank Brunei top 10%Costa Rica top 10% Brunei worksCosta Rica works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences - #71 - 4.9% - 1.2k
Arts and Humanities - #72 - 6.9% - 659
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - #78 - 5.2% - 415
Business, Management and Accounting #71 #75 17.2% 6.9% 284 428
Computer Science #77 #92 17.5% 5.2% 318 781
Economics, Econometrics and Finance - #78 - 6.1% - 388
Engineering #71 #113 12.1% 3.4% 480 453
Environmental Science #76 #71 12.8% 5.7% 263 905
Health Professions - #78 - 6.2% - 463
Medicine #112 #80 9.5% 3.9% 276 1.5k
Psychology - #74 - 4.9% - 415
Social Sciences #73 #75 16.0% 6.9% 930 3.1k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Brunei

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization232▲ 2.8×78 topics
  2. Machine Learning189▲ 1.36×81 topics
  3. Sustainability185▲ 1.81×81 topics
  4. Environmental Impact130▲ 1.82×53 topics
  5. Islamic Banking122▲ 7.8×3 topics
  6. Corporate Governance118▲ 3.9×22 topics
  7. Supply Chain Management118▲ 3.1×22 topics
  8. Curriculum Development114▲ 4.0×13 topics
  9. Consumer Behavior112▲ 4.3×15 topics
  10. Education111▲ 1.55×66 topics
  11. Islamic Education108▲ 7.8×4 topics
  12. Teacher Training107▲ 4.2×10 topics
  13. Risk Management105▲ 5.2×13 topics
  14. Educational Technology103▲ 2.1×29 topics
  15. Social Media98▲ 1.70×28 topics
  16. Economic Development96▲ 2.9×33 topics
  17. Finance92▲ 12×4 topics
  18. Financial Stability91▲ 11×4 topics
  19. Human Rights88▲ 2.0×48 topics
  20. Ethnicity87▲ 5.6×13 topics
  21. Global Financial Crisis87▲ 16×3 topics
  22. Performance Analysis86▲ 10×4 topics
  23. Ethical Identity85▲ 18×1 topic
  24. Shariah Supervision85▲ 18×1 topic
  25. Pedagogy85▲ 4.0×12 topics
  26. Social Capital77▲ 3.5×17 topics
  27. Religious Education75▲ 11×4 topics
  28. Indonesia73▲ 4.0×5 topics
  29. Gender Equality70▲ 5.9×11 topics
  30. Cultural Identity68▲ 3.3×13 topics
  31. Madrasa67▲ 23×1 topic
  32. Muslim Students67▲ 23×1 topic
  33. Food Safety65▲ 5.5×12 topics
  34. Tourist Satisfaction65▲ 15×2 topics
  35. Religiosity60▲ 31×2 topics
  36. Decentralization60▲ 6.9×4 topics
  37. Halal Products58▲ 44×1 topic
  38. Halal Tourism58▲ 44×1 topic
  39. Corruption51▲ 7.8×7 topics
  40. Civil Society51▲ 11×5 topics

Costa Rica

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education1,117▲ 4.8×120 topics
  2. Climate Change793▲ 2.2×110 topics
  3. Globalization791▲ 3.0×135 topics
  4. Sustainability722▲ 2.2×109 topics
  5. Innovation614▲ 4.4×66 topics
  6. Epidemiology600◆ 1.12×138 topics
  7. Public Health553▲ 2.8×73 topics
  8. Latin America514▲ 20×23 topics
  9. Educational Technology485▲ 3.1×39 topics
  10. Sustainable Development470▲ 2.2×77 topics
  11. E-Learning466▲ 3.6×20 topics
  12. COVID-19453▲ 2.6×30 topics
  13. Biodiversity426▲ 4.2×33 topics
  14. Knowledge Management412▲ 5.5×32 topics
  15. Pedagogy396▲ 5.9×23 topics
  16. Digital Marketing347▲ 6.7×5 topics
  17. Teacher Training345▲ 4.2×25 topics
  18. Distance Learning342▲ 7.4×12 topics
  19. Health Promotion338▲ 8.0×17 topics
  20. Technology318▲ 4.5×33 topics
  21. Urban Development272▲ 5.8×17 topics
  22. Nutrition272▲ 4.6×18 topics
  23. Social Movements269▲ 6.8×29 topics
  24. Public Policy268▲ 4.2×27 topics
  25. Digital Divide266▲ 7.7×8 topics
  26. Inclusive Education264▲ 5.5×18 topics
  27. Community Participation252▲ 5.3×15 topics
  28. Communication250▲ 5.9×19 topics
  29. ICT247▲ 14×5 topics
  30. Online Education246▲ 9.5×6 topics
  31. Digital Competence246▲ 21×3 topics
  32. Rural Development242▲ 5.2×17 topics
  33. Virtual Teaching242▲ 33×1 topic
  34. Social Responsibility233▲ 7.5×10 topics
  35. Innovation Ecosystems230▲ 17×4 topics
  36. Competitiveness230▲ 22×6 topics
  37. Small and Medium Enterprises228▲ 9.6×7 topics
  38. Informal Learning223▲ 13×6 topics
  39. Teacher Development207▲ 25×2 topics
  40. Student Performance199▲ 14×3 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Costa Rica has out-published Brunei every year since 1980.

still counting2k4kCosta Rica3,351 in 2025Brunei1,087 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.050%0.10%Costa Rica0.057% in 2025Brunei0.018% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Brunei14.0% in 2025Costa Rica6.0% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Brunei 05 level0 Costa Rica
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Brunei or Costa Rica?

Costa Rica publishes 3.1× as much research as Brunei in 2022-now (12k against 3.8k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Brunei or Costa Rica?

14.2% of Brunei's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.6% for Costa Rica.

Is Brunei or Costa Rica growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +69% against 2018-21 for Brunei, and -12% for Costa Rica.

Which has more open access research, Brunei or Costa Rica?

70% of Costa Rica's research is free to read, against 45% of Brunei's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Brunei or Costa Rica?

Brunei holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Costa Rica 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Brunei

  1. 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam16.8% top 10% · 2.2k works
  2. 2Universiti Teknologi Brunei10.5% top 10% · 681 works
  3. 3Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University11.7% top 10% · 414 works
  4. 4Ministry of Education15.2% top 10% · 112 works
  5. 5Prime Minister's Office8.1% top 10% · 134 works
  6. 6Ministry of Health9.4% top 10% · 72 works

Costa Rica

  1. 1Universidad de Costa Rica5.5% top 10% · 3.8k works
  2. 2Universidad Independiente5.5% top 10% · 842 works
  3. 3Universidad Nacional5.4% top 10% · 1.1k works
  4. 4Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica4.5% top 10% · 891 works
  5. 5Universidad de Ciencias Medicas3.3% top 10% · 630 works
  6. 6Distance State University5.4% top 10% · 570 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Brunei

  1. 1 Rama Rao Karri #8,520 worldwide 11k citations · 318 works
  2. 2 Sok King Ong #9,311 worldwide 144k citations · 101 works
  3. 3 Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak #18,001 worldwide 23k citations · 535 works
  4. 4 M. Muzamil Naqshbandi #20,911 worldwide 3.1k citations · 75 works
  5. 5 Ferry J.W. Slik #34,574 worldwide 7.4k citations · 134 works

Costa Rica

  1. 1 Luciano Ciravegna #118,588 worldwide 3.6k citations · 112 works
  2. 2 Juan Robalino #140,153 worldwide 4.1k citations · 83 works
  3. 3 Carolina Porras #144,308 worldwide 7.9k citations · 170 works
  4. 4 Célia A. Harvey #194,862 worldwide 14k citations · 233 works
  5. 5 María A. Maglianesi #245,024 worldwide 1.6k citations · 50 works