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Croatia vs Malaysia

On research quality in 2022-now, Croatia ranks #52 in the world and Malaysia #54, of 189 countries. Croatia stands higher in 13 of the 25 fields both publish in, Malaysia in 12.

Research profiles alike: 0.17somewhat alike shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Croatia

World rank, 2022-now
#52
#59 all time
Works, 2022-now
38k
fractional
Top-10% rate
6.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
61%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Industrial relations, Library and Information Sciences, Space and Planetary Science.

Malaysia

World rank, 2022-now
#54
#57 all time
Works, 2022-now
176k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
56%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Accounting, Information Systems and Management, Marketing.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Malaysia leads on 6 of 9 measures: citation excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Croatia leads on 2 of 9 measures: research quality and open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Croatia 21 level6 Malaysia
  1. #52Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#54
  2. 0.76×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.81×
  3. 38kOutputfractional works, 2022-now176k
  4. 6.5%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited8.9%
  5. 8.2Citations per workall time, per fractional work13.5
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 61%Open accessof its works free to read, all time56%
  8. 16%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time23%
  9. +2%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+18%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Croatia stands higher in 13 of 25 fields, Malaysia in 12. Croatia leads most in Physics and Astronomy (#44 against #62); Malaysia leads most in Environmental Science (#39 against #62). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Croatia 1312 Malaysia
  1. #54Agricultural and Biological Sciences#62
  2. #51Arts and Humanities#59
  3. #51Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#62
  4. #47Business, Management and Accounting#36
  5. -Chemical Engineering#34
  6. #47Chemistry#48
  7. #61Computer Science#47
  8. #49Decision Sciences#40
  9. #38Dentistry#44
  10. #48Earth and Planetary Sciences#51
  11. #48Economics, Econometrics and Finance#56
  12. #45Energy#32
  13. #56Engineering#42
  14. #62Environmental Science#39
  15. #65Health Professions#55
  16. #43Immunology and Microbiology#56
  17. #49Materials Science#51
  18. #53Mathematics#63
  19. #54Medicine#63
  20. #53Neuroscience#51
  21. #43Nursing#53
  22. -Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#31
  23. #44Physics and Astronomy#62
  24. #52Psychology#46
  25. #69Social Sciences#51

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Croatia rankMalaysia rank Croatia top 10%Malaysia top 10% Croatia worksMalaysia works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #54 #62 9.1% 9.8% 1.8k 7.3k
Arts and Humanities #51 #59 4.9% 10.3% 2.4k 4k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #51 #62 7.2% 7.7% 1.5k 5k
Business, Management and Accounting #47 #36 8.5% 10.1% 1.3k 14k
Chemical Engineering - #34 - 8.4% - 676
Chemistry #47 #48 6.3% 8.3% 490 2k
Computer Science #61 #47 7.8% 10.1% 2.2k 18k
Decision Sciences #49 #40 8.2% 9.1% 374 3.4k
Dentistry #38 #44 12.7% 7.1% 294 949
Earth and Planetary Sciences #48 #51 5.8% 6.9% 646 1.6k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #48 #56 5.5% 9.6% 2.4k 4.8k
Energy #45 #32 8.1% 9.5% 229 2.3k
Engineering #56 #42 6.2% 7.6% 4.3k 29k
Environmental Science #62 #39 5.9% 8.3% 2.2k 9.9k
Health Professions #65 #55 5.9% 10.3% 882 4.2k
Immunology and Microbiology #43 #56 7.9% 8.4% 314 901
Materials Science #49 #51 5.4% 7.9% 691 6.4k
Mathematics #53 #63 5.2% 10.6% 443 1.2k
Medicine #54 #63 7.2% 7.1% 7.3k 19k
Neuroscience #53 #51 5.7% 7.6% 473 1.5k
Nursing #43 #53 6.6% 8.5% 217 801
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - #31 - 10.3% - 690
Physics and Astronomy #44 #62 7.0% 6.6% 518 1.1k
Psychology #52 #46 5.5% 7.4% 1.5k 7.1k
Social Sciences #69 #51 5.5% 10.6% 5.8k 31k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Croatia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology1,625◆ 0.95×139 topics
  2. Sustainable Development1,368▲ 2.0×105 topics
  3. Sustainability1,296▲ 1.23×127 topics
  4. Climate Change1,230◆ 1.05×124 topics
  5. Economic Growth1,129▲ 3.2×35 topics
  6. International Relations1,106▲ 11×28 topics
  7. International Trade1,024▲ 17×12 topics
  8. Nation-Building1,018▲ 45×4 topics
  9. Foreign Policy1,008▲ 62×4 topics
  10. Sovereign Debt Crises1,002▲ 58×2 topics
  11. Negotiation992▲ 65×4 topics
  12. Commercial Diplomacy976▲ 193×1 topic
  13. Economic Diplomacy976▲ 193×1 topic
  14. Religion893▲ 4.5×43 topics
  15. Artificial Intelligence889▲ 1.45×62 topics
  16. Regional Development810▲ 5.5×19 topics
  17. Organizational Culture800▲ 4.8×16 topics
  18. Financial Performance799▲ 3.3×16 topics
  19. Ethics774▲ 3.6×58 topics
  20. Innovation Management742▲ 11×9 topics
  21. Small and Medium Enterprises722▲ 9.5×10 topics
  22. Agricultural Sustainability716▲ 15×6 topics
  23. Rural Tourism696▲ 52×3 topics
  24. Leadership Emergence693▲ 117×1 topic
  25. Identity680▲ 2.2×75 topics
  26. Resilience629▲ 3.0×17 topics
  27. Climate Change Impact621▲ 6.3×8 topics
  28. Environmental Policy580▲ 6.7×14 topics
  29. Water Quality Monitoring549▲ 16×3 topics
  30. Hydrological Analysis530▲ 34×2 topics
  31. Socio-economic Factors524▲ 11×3 topics
  32. Water Resources Management523▲ 92×2 topics
  33. Global Water Resources517▲ 127×1 topic
  34. Integrated Management517▲ 127×1 topic
  35. Media478▲ 7.4×18 topics
  36. Spirituality468▲ 11×7 topics
  37. Social Change455▲ 8.6×19 topics
  38. Cultural Integration449▲ 4.9×3 topics
  39. Communication Technology422▲ 79×1 topic
  40. Youth Subcultures422▲ 79×1 topic

Malaysia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Machine Learning9,301▲ 1.43×97 topics
  2. Deep Learning7,912▲ 1.17×85 topics
  3. Sustainability6,955▲ 1.46×131 topics
  4. Globalization6,549▲ 1.70×161 topics
  5. Environmental Impact5,458▲ 1.64×73 topics
  6. Educational Technology5,158▲ 2.2×47 topics
  7. Curriculum Development4,948▲ 3.7×19 topics
  8. Supply Chain Management4,899▲ 2.8×27 topics
  9. Risk Management4,842▲ 5.2×19 topics
  10. Social Media4,822▲ 1.78×40 topics
  11. Corporate Governance4,726▲ 3.3×31 topics
  12. Teacher Training4,552▲ 3.8×26 topics
  13. E-Learning4,527▲ 2.4×26 topics
  14. Islamic Education4,397▲ 6.8×4 topics
  15. Education4,374▲ 1.30×135 topics
  16. Renewable Energy4,324▲ 1.53×61 topics
  17. Pedagogy4,225▲ 4.3×27 topics
  18. Islamic Banking3,891▲ 5.3×3 topics
  19. Online Learning3,862▲ 2.4×27 topics
  20. Consumer Behavior3,721▲ 3.1×20 topics
  21. Artificial Intelligence3,704▲ 1.33×65 topics
  22. Religious Education3,668▲ 12×5 topics
  23. Ethical Values3,514▲ 19×2 topics
  24. Madrasa3,513▲ 26×1 topic
  25. Muslim Students3,513▲ 26×1 topic
  26. Healthcare3,343▲ 1.50×38 topics
  27. Performance Analysis3,223▲ 8.0×5 topics
  28. Finance3,169▲ 8.8×4 topics
  29. Financial Stability3,143▲ 8.4×8 topics
  30. Internet of Things3,017▲ 1.80×33 topics
  31. Global Financial Crisis2,999▲ 12×3 topics
  32. Ethical Identity2,979▲ 13×1 topic
  33. Shariah Supervision2,979▲ 13×1 topic
  34. Social Capital2,937▲ 2.9×20 topics
  35. Technology Integration2,628▲ 4.3×11 topics
  36. Mobile Learning2,540▲ 3.8×6 topics
  37. IoT2,519▲ 3.4×19 topics
  38. Student Engagement2,391▲ 3.1×17 topics
  39. Customer Satisfaction2,232▲ 3.6×10 topics
  40. Student Satisfaction1,789▲ 5.0×4 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Malaysia has out-published Croatia every year since 2004, when it overtook it.

still counting20k40k60kMalaysia45k in 2025Croatia10k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.50%1.0%Malaysia0.77% in 2025Croatia0.18% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%Malaysia8.7% in 2025Croatia7.0% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Croatia 05 level0 Malaysia
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Croatia or Malaysia?

Malaysia publishes 4.6× as much research as Croatia in 2022-now (176k against 38k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Croatia or Malaysia?

8.9% of Malaysia's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 6.5% for Croatia.

Is Croatia or Malaysia growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +18% against 2018-21 for Malaysia, and +2% for Croatia.

Which has more open access research, Croatia or Malaysia?

61% of Croatia's research is free to read, against 56% of Malaysia's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Croatia or Malaysia?

Croatia holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Malaysia 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Croatia

  1. 1University of Zagreb6.5% top 10% · 14k works
  2. 2University of Split8.1% top 10% · 3.2k works
  3. 3University of Osijek7.3% top 10% · 2.8k works
  4. 4University of Rijeka7.2% top 10% · 3k works
  5. 5University North9.0% top 10% · 597 works
  6. 6Institut za filozofiju3.7% top 10% · 1.5k works

Malaysia

  1. 1Northern University of Malaysia9.8% top 10% · 3.7k works
  2. 2University of Technology Malaysia8.7% top 10% · 9.8k works
  3. 3Multimedia University11.9% top 10% · 2.8k works
  4. 4Universiti Tenaga Nasional13.7% top 10% · 1.7k works
  5. 5Sultan Idris Education University9.0% top 10% · 4.2k works
  6. 6Taylor's University12.9% top 10% · 1.8k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Croatia

  1. 1 D. Mekterović #10,978 worldwide 52k citations · 552 works
  2. 2 Ozren Polašek #21,112 worldwide 75k citations · 684 works
  3. 3 R. Gupta #26,416 worldwide 7.7k citations · 106 works
  4. 4 G. I. Veres #32,507 worldwide 16k citations · 246 works
  5. 5 T. Virdee #36,724 worldwide 11k citations · 145 works

Malaysia

  1. 1 Arshian Sharif #112 worldwide 23k citations · 262 works
  2. 2 Keng‐Boon Ooi #311 worldwide 27k citations · 262 works
  3. 3 Mohammad Iranmanesh #458 worldwide 17k citations · 224 works
  4. 4 Hesam Kamyab #791 worldwide 20k citations · 370 works
  5. 5 Bassim H. Hameed #1,891 worldwide 63k citations · 395 works