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Greece vs Hungary

On research quality in 2022-now, Hungary ranks #32 in the world and Greece #34, of 189 countries. Greece stands higher in 10 of the 25 fields both publish in, Hungary in 15.

Research profiles alike: 0.16somewhat alike shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Greece

World rank, 2022-now
#34
#34 all time
Works, 2022-now
88k
fractional
Top-10% rate
11.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
42%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Space and Planetary Science, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Classics.

Hungary

World rank, 2022-now
#32
#36 all time
Works, 2022-now
69k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.6%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
48%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Geography, Planning and Development, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Archeology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Greece leads on 5 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work and international co-authorship. Hungary leads on 3 of 9 measures: research quality, open access and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Greece 51 level3 Hungary
  1. #34Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#32
  2. 1.09×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.87×
  3. 88kOutputfractional works, 2022-now69k
  4. 11.8%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited8.6%
  5. 19.9Citations per workall time, per fractional work14.2
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 42%Open accessof its works free to read, all time48%
  8. 25%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time24%
  9. +18%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+23%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Greece stands higher in 10 of 25 fields, Hungary in 15. Hungary leads most in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (#28 against #36); Greece leads most in Chemistry (#32 against #41). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Greece 1015 Hungary
  1. #35Agricultural and Biological Sciences#33
  2. #41Arts and Humanities#30
  3. #29Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#30
  4. #35Business, Management and Accounting#31
  5. #31Chemical Engineering-
  6. #32Chemistry#41
  7. #33Computer Science#38
  8. #36Decision Sciences#37
  9. #35Dentistry#30
  10. #42Earth and Planetary Sciences#37
  11. #35Economics, Econometrics and Finance#29
  12. #39Energy#41
  13. #34Engineering#37
  14. #35Environmental Science#38
  15. #34Health Professions#33
  16. #35Immunology and Microbiology#33
  17. #38Materials Science#40
  18. #37Mathematics#30
  19. #32Medicine#33
  20. #31Neuroscience#24
  21. #37Nursing#35
  22. #36Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#28
  23. #37Physics and Astronomy#27
  24. #32Psychology#31
  25. #41Social Sciences#31

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Greece rankHungary rank Greece top 10%Hungary top 10% Greece worksHungary works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #35 #33 14.3% 9.5% 3.6k 4.1k
Arts and Humanities #41 #30 11.2% 8.6% 2.4k 3.5k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #29 #30 10.8% 7.8% 4.2k 3.3k
Business, Management and Accounting #35 #31 14.6% 10.2% 2.6k 2.2k
Chemical Engineering #31 - 9.7% - 225 -
Chemistry #32 #41 10.3% 5.1% 1k 1k
Computer Science #33 #38 12.0% 7.6% 8k 4.1k
Decision Sciences #36 #37 12.8% 8.6% 1.1k 695
Dentistry #35 #30 14.5% 20.5% 444 260
Earth and Planetary Sciences #42 #37 10.4% 7.0% 1.7k 1.2k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #35 #29 13.2% 10.0% 2.4k 1.9k
Energy #39 #41 10.9% 8.2% 776 464
Engineering #34 #37 11.0% 7.1% 12k 7.8k
Environmental Science #35 #38 10.3% 8.6% 5.1k 3.1k
Health Professions #34 #33 13.4% 9.3% 1.8k 1.3k
Immunology and Microbiology #35 #33 11.6% 8.4% 916 526
Materials Science #38 #40 8.2% 6.7% 1.8k 1.4k
Mathematics #37 #30 10.0% 8.3% 955 1k
Medicine #32 #33 12.5% 9.3% 22k 9.3k
Neuroscience #31 #24 11.3% 8.4% 1.4k 1.1k
Nursing #37 #35 14.7% 10.6% 381 231
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #36 #28 12.2% 9.2% 203 253
Physics and Astronomy #37 #27 8.7% 7.0% 1.9k 1.6k
Psychology #32 #31 12.6% 7.3% 3.1k 2.6k
Social Sciences #41 #31 11.8% 9.4% 7.5k 16k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Greece

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology4,737▲ 1.17×139 topics
  2. Machine Learning3,790◆ 1.12×97 topics
  3. Deep Learning3,640◆ 1.04×85 topics
  4. Climate Change3,422▲ 1.24×126 topics
  5. Sustainability2,897▲ 1.17×132 topics
  6. Inflammation2,616▲ 1.21×83 topics
  7. Cardiovascular Disease2,002▲ 1.73×39 topics
  8. Environmental Impact1,943◆ 1.12×72 topics
  9. Renewable Energy1,768▲ 1.21×61 topics
  10. Oxidative Stress1,690◆ 1.01×63 topics
  11. Neural Networks1,668◆ 1.07×42 topics
  12. Quality of Life1,614◆ 1.10×61 topics
  13. Treatment1,589▲ 1.29×52 topics
  14. Remote Sensing1,569▲ 1.27×42 topics
  15. Risk Factors1,474▲ 1.32×37 topics
  16. Globalization1,385▼ 0.70×176 topics
  17. Big Data1,345▲ 1.39×37 topics
  18. Diagnosis1,336▲ 1.41×41 topics
  19. Artificial Intelligence1,301◆ 0.90×67 topics
  20. Metabolic Syndrome1,276▲ 1.55×24 topics
  21. Energy Efficiency1,266▲ 1.35×44 topics
  22. Public Health1,236▼ 0.84×71 topics
  23. Healthcare1,220◆ 1.05×42 topics
  24. Mental Health1,218▼ 0.84×48 topics
  25. Cancer1,202◆ 0.88×59 topics
  26. Economic Growth1,166▲ 1.41×36 topics
  27. Internet of Things1,106▲ 1.27×33 topics
  28. Biodiversity1,083▲ 1.40×38 topics
  29. Obesity1,075▲ 1.38×29 topics
  30. Management1,039▲ 1.28×40 topics
  31. Genetics1,009▲ 1.41×27 topics
  32. Supply Chain Management1,004◆ 1.10×26 topics
  33. Depression980◆ 1.10×26 topics
  34. Health Effects942▲ 1.53×24 topics
  35. Chemotherapy940▲ 1.31×25 topics
  36. Mortality874▲ 1.52×13 topics
  37. Heart Failure807▲ 1.78×14 topics
  38. Invasive Species777▲ 1.81×21 topics
  39. Guidelines766▲ 1.60×13 topics
  40. Hypertension631▲ 2.1×16 topics

Hungary

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainability7,962▲ 4.2×137 topics
  2. Globalization7,804▲ 5.1×174 topics
  3. Innovation6,693▲ 8.3×89 topics
  4. Economic Development6,345▲ 10×57 topics
  5. Knowledge Management6,104▲ 14×40 topics
  6. Regional Disparities6,074▲ 165×2 topics
  7. Social Impact5,955▲ 19×25 topics
  8. Policy5,925▲ 35×16 topics
  9. Tourism5,878▲ 82×9 topics
  10. Environmental Influence5,802▲ 252×1 topic
  11. Climate Change2,714▲ 1.28×130 topics
  12. Epidemiology2,159▼ 0.69×139 topics
  13. Machine Learning1,914▼ 0.74×97 topics
  14. Education1,437◆ 1.07×156 topics
  15. Inflammation1,306▼ 0.79×83 topics
  16. Artificial Intelligence1,262◆ 1.13×65 topics
  17. Human Rights1,246▲ 1.56×90 topics
  18. Sustainable Development1,239◆ 1.01×110 topics
  19. Environmental Impact1,231◆ 0.92×73 topics
  20. Biodiversity966▲ 1.62×38 topics
  21. European Union950▲ 5.5×29 topics
  22. Identity882▲ 1.56×78 topics
  23. Invasive Species868▲ 2.6×21 topics
  24. Nationalism857▲ 2.4×34 topics
  25. International Relations838▲ 4.4×31 topics
  26. Religion709▲ 1.96×43 topics
  27. European Integration636▲ 15×6 topics
  28. Geopolitics633▲ 5.3×12 topics
  29. Diplomacy539▲ 7.4×9 topics
  30. Eastern Europe519▲ 13×3 topics
  31. Soviet Union499▲ 12×3 topics
  32. Cold War486▲ 10×5 topics
  33. National Identity477▲ 5.3×11 topics
  34. Sociology466▲ 4.3×27 topics
  35. Cultural Diplomacy450▲ 7.1×5 topics
  36. Postcolonial Theory437▲ 21×4 topics
  37. Australia425▲ 34×1 topic
  38. Soft Power393▲ 12×3 topics
  39. Central Europe352▲ 57×1 topic
  40. Visegrad Group352▲ 57×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Greece has out-published Hungary every year since 1995, when it overtook it.

still counting10k20k30kGreece24k in 2025Hungary18k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%0.60%Greece0.40% in 2025Hungary0.31% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Greece13.0% in 2025Hungary9.2% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Greece 23 level0 Hungary
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 4In the top 1,0003
  5. #32Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#33

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Greece or Hungary?

Greece publishes 1.3× as much research as Hungary in 2022-now (88k against 69k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Greece or Hungary?

11.8% of Greece's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 8.6% for Hungary.

Is Greece or Hungary growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +23% against 2018-21 for Hungary, and +18% for Greece.

Which has more open access research, Greece or Hungary?

48% of Hungary's research is free to read, against 42% of Greece's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Greece or Hungary?

Greece holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Hungary 0; in the top 1,000 it is 4 against 3.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Greece

  1. 1National and Kapodistrian University of Athens13.0% top 10% · 11k works
  2. 2Aristotle University of Thessaloniki11.4% top 10% · 10k works
  3. 3University of Crete12.1% top 10% · 2.5k works
  4. 4Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas11.8% top 10% · 1.7k works
  5. 5University of Patras12.7% top 10% · 5.6k works
  6. 6University of the Aegean11.7% top 10% · 1.9k works

Hungary

  1. 1Hungarian Research Network9.3% top 10% · 5k works
  2. 2Eötvös Loránd University9.7% top 10% · 6.3k works
  3. 3Hungarian Academy of Sciences9.4% top 10% · 4.2k works
  4. 4Corvinus University of Budapest13.7% top 10% · 1.9k works
  5. 5University of Debrecen8.1% top 10% · 5.9k works
  6. 6Budapest University of Technology and Economics7.0% top 10% · 4.7k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Greece

  1. 1 Gerasimos S Filippatos #1,382 worldwide 184k citations · 1,157 works
  2. 2 George V. Dedoussis #2,273 worldwide 40k citations · 83 works
  3. 3 Stamatios Papadakis #2,795 worldwide 10k citations · 195 works
  4. 4 Emmanuel N. Saridakis #4,461 worldwide 21k citations · 379 works
  5. 5 Evangelos Evangelou #7,975 worldwide 37k citations · 351 works

Hungary

  1. 1 Z. Frei #1,545 worldwide 71k citations · 273 works
  2. 2 M. Tápai #1,944 worldwide 72k citations · 134 works
  3. 3 Attila Szolnoki #5,052 worldwide 23k citations · 291 works
  4. 4 M. Vasúth #6,543 worldwide 59k citations · 224 works
  5. 5 Abderahman Rejeb #8,541 worldwide 8.8k citations · 137 works

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