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Hungary vs Saudi Arabia

On research quality in 2022-now, Saudi Arabia ranks #31 in the world and Hungary #32, of 189 countries. Hungary stands higher in 9 of the 25 fields both publish in, Saudi Arabia in 16.

Research profiles alike: -0.53different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Hungary

World rank, 2022-now
#32
#36 all time
Works, 2022-now
69k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.6%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
48%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Geography, Planning and Development, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Archeology.

Saudi Arabia

World rank, 2022-now
#31
#29 all time
Works, 2022-now
156k
fractional
Top-10% rate
14.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
57%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Dentistry, Orthodontics, Modeling and Simulation.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Saudi Arabia leads on 8 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work, open access, international co-authorship and growth. Hungary leads on none. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Hungary 01 level8 Saudi Arabia
  1. #32Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#31
  2. 0.87×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.18×
  3. 69kOutputfractional works, 2022-now156k
  4. 8.6%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited14.4%
  5. 14.2Citations per workall time, per fractional work16.5
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 48%Open accessof its works free to read, all time57%
  8. 24%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time43%
  9. +23%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+72%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Hungary stands higher in 9 of 25 fields, Saudi Arabia in 16. Saudi Arabia leads most in Chemistry (#15 against #41); Hungary leads most in Arts and Humanities (#30 against #47). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Hungary 916 Saudi Arabia
  1. #33Agricultural and Biological Sciences#31
  2. #30Arts and Humanities#47
  3. #30Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#32
  4. #31Business, Management and Accounting#28
  5. -Chemical Engineering#18
  6. #41Chemistry#15
  7. #38Computer Science#26
  8. #37Decision Sciences#28
  9. #30Dentistry#24
  10. #37Earth and Planetary Sciences#24
  11. #29Economics, Econometrics and Finance#39
  12. #41Energy#20
  13. #37Engineering#24
  14. #38Environmental Science#30
  15. #33Health Professions#30
  16. #33Immunology and Microbiology#39
  17. #40Materials Science#20
  18. #30Mathematics#27
  19. #33Medicine#43
  20. #24Neuroscience#35
  21. #35Nursing#30
  22. #28Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#22
  23. #27Physics and Astronomy#39
  24. #31Psychology#34
  25. #31Social Sciences#52

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Hungary rankSaudi Arabia rank Hungary top 10%Saudi Arabia top 10% Hungary worksSaudi Arabia works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #33 #31 9.5% 18.3% 4.1k 5.9k
Arts and Humanities #30 #47 8.6% 14.1% 3.5k 2.2k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #30 #32 7.8% 11.6% 3.3k 7.4k
Business, Management and Accounting #31 #28 10.2% 20.2% 2.2k 4k
Chemical Engineering - #18 - 13.7% - 947
Chemistry #41 #15 5.1% 16.4% 1k 4.5k
Computer Science #38 #26 7.6% 19.3% 4.1k 14k
Decision Sciences #37 #28 8.6% 17.4% 695 1.8k
Dentistry #30 #24 20.5% 11.6% 260 3.4k
Earth and Planetary Sciences #37 #24 7.0% 15.3% 1.2k 1.4k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #29 #39 10.0% 15.7% 1.9k 2.3k
Energy #41 #20 8.2% 13.0% 464 3k
Engineering #37 #24 7.1% 16.2% 7.8k 26k
Environmental Science #38 #30 8.6% 16.5% 3.1k 6k
Health Professions #33 #30 9.3% 15.0% 1.3k 4.2k
Immunology and Microbiology #33 #39 8.4% 10.4% 526 1.4k
Materials Science #40 #20 6.7% 14.6% 1.4k 9.8k
Mathematics #30 #27 8.3% 16.6% 1k 4.7k
Medicine #33 #43 9.3% 9.4% 9.3k 33k
Neuroscience #24 #35 8.4% 13.4% 1.1k 2k
Nursing #35 #30 10.6% 13.1% 231 995
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #28 #22 9.2% 15.2% 253 1.2k
Physics and Astronomy #27 #39 7.0% 14.3% 1.6k 2.6k
Psychology #31 #34 7.3% 13.4% 2.6k 4.1k
Social Sciences #31 #52 9.4% 15.4% 16k 8.4k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Hungary

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainability7,962▲ 4.2×137 topics
  2. Globalization7,804▲ 5.1×174 topics
  3. Innovation6,693▲ 8.3×89 topics
  4. Economic Development6,345▲ 10×57 topics
  5. Knowledge Management6,104▲ 14×40 topics
  6. Regional Disparities6,074▲ 165×2 topics
  7. Social Impact5,955▲ 19×25 topics
  8. Policy5,925▲ 35×16 topics
  9. Tourism5,878▲ 82×9 topics
  10. Environmental Influence5,802▲ 252×1 topic
  11. Climate Change2,714▲ 1.28×130 topics
  12. Epidemiology2,159▼ 0.69×139 topics
  13. Machine Learning1,914▼ 0.74×97 topics
  14. Education1,437◆ 1.07×156 topics
  15. Inflammation1,306▼ 0.79×83 topics
  16. Artificial Intelligence1,262◆ 1.13×65 topics
  17. Human Rights1,246▲ 1.56×90 topics
  18. Sustainable Development1,239◆ 1.01×110 topics
  19. Environmental Impact1,231◆ 0.92×73 topics
  20. Biodiversity966▲ 1.62×38 topics
  21. European Union950▲ 5.5×29 topics
  22. Identity882▲ 1.56×78 topics
  23. Invasive Species868▲ 2.6×21 topics
  24. Nationalism857▲ 2.4×34 topics
  25. International Relations838▲ 4.4×31 topics
  26. Religion709▲ 1.96×43 topics
  27. European Integration636▲ 15×6 topics
  28. Geopolitics633▲ 5.3×12 topics
  29. Diplomacy539▲ 7.4×9 topics
  30. Eastern Europe519▲ 13×3 topics
  31. Soviet Union499▲ 12×3 topics
  32. Cold War486▲ 10×5 topics
  33. National Identity477▲ 5.3×11 topics
  34. Sociology466▲ 4.3×27 topics
  35. Cultural Diplomacy450▲ 7.1×5 topics
  36. Postcolonial Theory437▲ 21×4 topics
  37. Australia425▲ 34×1 topic
  38. Soft Power393▲ 12×3 topics
  39. Central Europe352▲ 57×1 topic
  40. Visegrad Group352▲ 57×1 topic

Saudi Arabia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Machine Learning9,377▲ 1.57×97 topics
  2. Epidemiology8,606▲ 1.20×140 topics
  3. Deep Learning8,212▲ 1.33×85 topics
  4. Nanomaterials4,903▲ 2.6×21 topics
  5. Inflammation4,358◆ 1.14×83 topics
  6. Nanoparticles4,169▲ 1.85×44 topics
  7. Renewable Energy3,548▲ 1.37×61 topics
  8. Healthcare3,546▲ 1.73×38 topics
  9. Oxidative Stress3,515▲ 1.19×63 topics
  10. Quality of Life3,402▲ 1.31×58 topics
  11. Environmental Impact3,365◆ 1.10×72 topics
  12. Heat Transfer3,190▲ 3.6×20 topics
  13. Biomedical Applications3,145▲ 1.48×36 topics
  14. COVID-192,875▲ 1.23×33 topics
  15. Graphene2,614▲ 2.2×12 topics
  16. Nanocomposites2,530▲ 1.79×22 topics
  17. Supply Chain Management2,398▲ 1.49×26 topics
  18. Antioxidant2,358▲ 1.92×51 topics
  19. Synthesis1,863▲ 2.8×37 topics
  20. Toxicity1,816▲ 2.3×20 topics
  21. Nanostructures1,774▲ 2.4×17 topics
  22. IoT Security1,724▲ 3.1×3 topics
  23. Smart Cities1,649▲ 3.5×8 topics
  24. Water Splitting1,646▲ 2.5×4 topics
  25. Experimental Investigation1,634▲ 8.8×5 topics
  26. Nonlinear Equations1,616▲ 7.0×6 topics
  27. Applications1,601▲ 3.3×8 topics
  28. Solar Energy1,585▲ 2.8×5 topics
  29. Antimicrobial1,475▲ 2.9×14 topics
  30. Green Synthesis1,351▲ 4.0×5 topics
  31. Thermal Conductivity1,290▲ 4.5×8 topics
  32. Nanofluids1,272▲ 8.6×2 topics
  33. Review1,231▲ 5.7×5 topics
  34. Viscosity1,059▲ 8.3×4 topics
  35. Convective Transport1,015▲ 12×1 topic
  36. Enhancement1,015▲ 12×1 topic
  37. Fractional Calculus1,005▲ 9.9×2 topics
  38. Anomalous Diffusion942▲ 9.4×2 topics
  39. Homotopy Analysis Method910▲ 11×1 topic
  40. Random Walk910▲ 11×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Saudi Arabia has out-published Hungary every year since 2013, when it overtook it.

still counting20k40k60kSaudi Arabia45k in 2025Hungary18k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.50%1.0%Saudi Arabia0.76% in 2025Hungary0.31% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting10%20%Saudi Arabia15.0% in 2025Hungary9.2% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Hungary 22 level1 Saudi Arabia
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5001
  4. 3In the top 1,0002
  5. #33Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#34

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Hungary or Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia publishes 2.3× as much research as Hungary in 2022-now (156k against 69k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Hungary or Saudi Arabia?

14.4% of Saudi Arabia's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 8.6% for Hungary.

Is Hungary or Saudi Arabia growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +72% against 2018-21 for Saudi Arabia, and +23% for Hungary.

Which has more open access research, Hungary or Saudi Arabia?

57% of Saudi Arabia's research is free to read, against 48% of Hungary's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Hungary or Saudi Arabia?

Hungary holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Saudi Arabia 0; in the top 1,000 it is 3 against 2.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Hungary

  1. 1Hungarian Research Network9.3% top 10% · 5k works
  2. 2Eötvös Loránd University9.7% top 10% · 6.3k works
  3. 3Hungarian Academy of Sciences9.4% top 10% · 4.2k works
  4. 4Corvinus University of Budapest13.7% top 10% · 1.9k works
  5. 5University of Debrecen8.1% top 10% · 5.9k works
  6. 6Budapest University of Technology and Economics7.0% top 10% · 4.7k works

Saudi Arabia

  1. 1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology17.4% top 10% · 5.7k works
  2. 2King Abdulaziz University13.8% top 10% · 11k works
  3. 3University of Business and Technology22.6% top 10% · 2k works
  4. 4King Saud University14.1% top 10% · 20k works
  5. 5Ministry of Education19.1% top 10% · 655 works
  6. 6King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals16.9% top 10% · 7.2k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Hungary

  1. 1 Z. Frei #1,545 worldwide 71k citations · 273 works
  2. 2 M. Tápai #1,944 worldwide 72k citations · 134 works
  3. 3 Attila Szolnoki #5,052 worldwide 23k citations · 291 works
  4. 4 M. Vasúth #6,543 worldwide 59k citations · 224 works
  5. 5 Abderahman Rejeb #8,541 worldwide 8.8k citations · 137 works

Saudi Arabia

  1. 1 Xuping Sun #352 worldwide 82k citations · 678 works
  2. 2 Arunodaya Raj Mishra #507 worldwide 9.8k citations · 215 works
  3. 3 Osman M. Bakr #703 worldwide 62k citations · 539 works
  4. 4 Mohamed Eddaoudi #1,507 worldwide 97k citations · 772 works
  5. 5 Pratibha Rani #1,724 worldwide 8.6k citations · 204 works

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