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Kuwait vs Romania

On research quality in 2022-now, Romania ranks #41 in the world and Kuwait #104, of 189 countries. Kuwait stands higher in 0 of the 25 fields both publish in, Romania in 25.

Research profiles alike: 0.55similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Kuwait

World rank, 2022-now
#104
#137 all time
Works, 2022-now
9.9k
fractional
Top-10% rate
10.3%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
40%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Ocean Engineering, Microbiology, Numerical Analysis.

Romania

World rank, 2022-now
#41
#61 all time
Works, 2022-now
85k
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
58%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Orthodontics, Music.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Kuwait leads on 4 of 9 measures: top-10% rate, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Romania leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output and open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Kuwait 41 level4 Romania
  1. #104Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#41
  2. 0.82×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.10×
  3. 9.9kOutputfractional works, 2022-now85k
  4. 10.3%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited9.1%
  5. 14.4Citations per workall time, per fractional work7.8
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 40%Open accessof its works free to read, all time58%
  8. 32%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time17%
  9. +33%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+9%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Kuwait stands higher in 0 of 25 fields, Romania in 25. Romania leads most in Environmental Science (#43 against #96). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Kuwait 025 Romania
  1. -Agricultural and Biological Sciences#53
  2. -Arts and Humanities#49
  3. #86Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#48
  4. #82Business, Management and Accounting#55
  5. -Chemical Engineering#37
  6. -Chemistry#51
  7. #86Computer Science#55
  8. -Decision Sciences#48
  9. -Dentistry#33
  10. -Earth and Planetary Sciences#39
  11. #92Economics, Econometrics and Finance#55
  12. -Energy#51
  13. #74Engineering#53
  14. #96Environmental Science#43
  15. #87Health Professions#53
  16. -Immunology and Microbiology#44
  17. #68Materials Science#47
  18. -Mathematics#41
  19. #106Medicine#55
  20. -Neuroscience#46
  21. -Nursing#46
  22. -Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#34
  23. -Physics and Astronomy#42
  24. #89Psychology#51
  25. #125Social Sciences#61

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Kuwait rankRomania rank Kuwait top 10%Romania top 10% Kuwait worksRomania works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences - #53 - 11.6% - 3.8k
Arts and Humanities - #49 - 6.7% - 4k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #86 #48 7.9% 12.2% 375 3k
Business, Management and Accounting #82 #55 17.1% 7.6% 408 3.7k
Chemical Engineering - #37 - 5.1% - 263
Chemistry - #51 - 8.7% - 1k
Computer Science #86 #55 14.0% 7.2% 812 6.1k
Decision Sciences - #48 - 9.3% - 1k
Dentistry - #33 - 14.8% - 1k
Earth and Planetary Sciences - #39 - 8.3% - 1.2k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #92 #55 13.9% 8.7% 243 3k
Energy - #51 - 6.5% - 862
Engineering #74 #53 9.7% 5.8% 2k 13k
Environmental Science #96 #43 9.2% 8.9% 492 4.1k
Health Professions #87 #53 11.5% 11.9% 214 1.7k
Immunology and Microbiology - #44 - 13.1% - 608
Materials Science #68 #47 9.9% 7.0% 277 2.7k
Mathematics - #41 - 10.7% - 1.7k
Medicine #106 #55 7.2% 13.6% 2.2k 16k
Neuroscience - #46 - 11.2% - 961
Nursing - #46 - 16.8% - 398
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - #34 - 16.6% - 276
Physics and Astronomy - #42 - 6.4% - 1.4k
Psychology #89 #51 11.3% 9.0% 268 2.7k
Social Sciences #125 #61 11.3% 6.9% 1.1k 10k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Kuwait

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology571▲ 1.25×135 topics
  2. Machine Learning541▲ 1.42×94 topics
  3. Deep Learning396◆ 1.00×82 topics
  4. Sustainability275◆ 0.98×91 topics
  5. Renewable Energy266▲ 1.60×49 topics
  6. Inflammation250◆ 1.03×83 topics
  7. Education215◆ 1.09×74 topics
  8. Environmental Impact214◆ 1.09×58 topics
  9. Treatment212▲ 1.52×51 topics
  10. Heat Transfer211▲ 3.8×19 topics
  11. Healthcare208▲ 1.59×26 topics
  12. Nanoparticles202▲ 1.39×43 topics
  13. Diagnosis194▲ 1.82×41 topics
  14. COVID-19184▲ 1.23×32 topics
  15. Cardiovascular Disease180▲ 1.38×38 topics
  16. Optimization174▲ 3.4×26 topics
  17. Supply Chain Management171▲ 1.66×23 topics
  18. Energy Efficiency168▲ 1.58×42 topics
  19. Risk Management165▲ 3.0×17 topics
  20. Online Learning160▲ 1.68×24 topics
  21. Corporate Governance149▲ 1.77×24 topics
  22. Data Assimilation133▲ 7.1×4 topics
  23. Islamic Education128▲ 3.4×4 topics
  24. Ensemble Kalman Filter125▲ 11×2 topics
  25. Uncertainty Quantification121▲ 13×2 topics
  26. Hydraulic Fracturing118▲ 9.6×2 topics
  27. Vibration Analysis118▲ 3.8×9 topics
  28. Closed-Loop Control116▲ 23×1 topic
  29. Well Placement116▲ 23×1 topic
  30. Experimental Investigation113▲ 9.5×5 topics
  31. Fracture Propagation111▲ 16×1 topic
  32. Shale Gas Reservoirs111▲ 16×1 topic
  33. Nanofluids108▲ 11×2 topics
  34. Rheological Properties102▲ 5.0×6 topics
  35. CO2 Sequestration101▲ 4.5×4 topics
  36. Thermal Conductivity90▲ 4.9×8 topics
  37. Review90▲ 6.5×4 topics
  38. Drilling Fluids83▲ 14×1 topic
  39. Well Integrity83▲ 14×1 topic
  40. Viscosity70▲ 8.7×3 topics

Romania

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology3,763◆ 1.00×140 topics
  2. Sustainability3,280▲ 1.41×137 topics
  3. Machine Learning2,912◆ 0.92×97 topics
  4. Climate Change2,713◆ 1.05×129 topics
  5. Deep Learning2,665▼ 0.81×85 topics
  6. Globalization2,600▲ 1.39×176 topics
  7. Renewable Energy2,190▲ 1.60×60 topics
  8. Inflammation2,092◆ 1.04×83 topics
  9. Sustainable Development2,054▲ 1.38×109 topics
  10. Environmental Impact1,995▲ 1.23×73 topics
  11. Artificial Intelligence1,769▲ 1.31×67 topics
  12. Education1,636◆ 1.00×155 topics
  13. Oxidative Stress1,524◆ 0.98×63 topics
  14. Economic Growth1,476▲ 1.91×36 topics
  15. Innovation1,410▲ 1.44×88 topics
  16. Quality of Life1,338◆ 0.98×61 topics
  17. Neural Networks1,301◆ 0.89×42 topics
  18. Biomedical Applications1,283◆ 1.14×36 topics
  19. Energy Efficiency1,242▲ 1.42×45 topics
  20. Human Rights1,237▲ 1.27×90 topics
  21. COVID-191,236◆ 1.00×34 topics
  22. Social Media1,232◆ 0.94×41 topics
  23. Identity1,231▲ 1.79×78 topics
  24. Cardiovascular Disease1,225◆ 1.13×39 topics
  25. Treatment1,201◆ 1.04×52 topics
  26. Supply Chain Management1,200▲ 1.41×27 topics
  27. Mental Health1,199◆ 0.88×48 topics
  28. Big Data1,164▲ 1.28×37 topics
  29. Internet of Things1,149▲ 1.41×33 topics
  30. Mechanical Properties1,136▲ 1.22×39 topics
  31. Risk Factors1,082◆ 1.04×37 topics
  32. Environmental Management962▲ 2.5×23 topics
  33. Literature910▲ 1.75×62 topics
  34. Security909▲ 1.43×31 topics
  35. Ethics892▲ 1.86×60 topics
  36. Tissue Engineering846▲ 1.47×13 topics
  37. European Union631▲ 3.0×29 topics
  38. International Relations591▲ 2.6×29 topics
  39. Regional Disparities397▲ 8.9×2 topics
  40. Social Perception355▲ 8.9×4 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Romania has out-published Kuwait every year since 1991, when it overtook it.

still counting10k20k30kRomania23k in 2025Kuwait2,814 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%0.60%Romania0.38% in 2025Kuwait0.048% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Kuwait11.4% in 2025Romania11.2% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Kuwait 05 level0 Romania
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Kuwait or Romania?

Romania publishes 8.5× as much research as Kuwait in 2022-now (85k against 9.9k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Kuwait or Romania?

10.3% of Kuwait's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 9.1% for Romania.

Is Kuwait or Romania growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +33% against 2018-21 for Kuwait, and +9% for Romania.

Which has more open access research, Kuwait or Romania?

58% of Romania's research is free to read, against 40% of Kuwait's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Kuwait or Romania?

Kuwait holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Romania 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Kuwait

  1. 1American University of the Middle East18.6% top 10% · 1.3k works
  2. 2Gulf University for Science & Technology22.2% top 10% · 693 works
  3. 3Kuwait College of Science and Technology15.0% top 10% · 434 works
  4. 4Kuwait University8.7% top 10% · 2.3k works
  5. 5Public Authority for Applied Education and Training7.1% top 10% · 658 works
  6. 6Dar al Athar al Islamiyyah7.1% top 10% · 435 works

Romania

  1. 1Ministry of Education19.4% top 10% · 712 works
  2. 2Bucharest University of Economic Studies8.5% top 10% · 3.5k works
  3. 3University of Oradea13.0% top 10% · 1.8k works
  4. 4West University of Timişoara9.2% top 10% · 1.9k works
  5. 5Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava8.1% top 10% · 1.7k works
  6. 6Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu11.1% top 10% · 1.8k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Kuwait

  1. 1 Orhan Dönmez #35,990 worldwide 1.6k citations · 161 works
  2. 2 Yehia Ibrahim Alzoubi #65,602 worldwide 1.8k citations · 78 works
  3. 3 Waleed Al–Herz #102,870 worldwide 16k citations · 185 works
  4. 4 Ali M. Al-Hemoud #132,210 worldwide 2.4k citations · 82 works
  5. 5 Ismaeel Al Ridhawi #148,327 worldwide 3.3k citations · 97 works

Romania

  1. 1 D. Felea #4,035 worldwide 23k citations · 200 works
  2. 2 Ovidiu Chioncel #4,732 worldwide 55k citations · 351 works
  3. 3 Robert Ancuceanu #6,028 worldwide 74k citations · 151 works
  4. 4 Ionuţ Negoi #7,120 worldwide 154k citations · 380 works
  5. 5 Bogdan Oancea #7,278 worldwide 85k citations · 215 works