Panama vs Rwanda
On research quality in 2022-now, Panama ranks #67 in the world and Rwanda #69, of 189 countries. Panama stands higher in 9 of the 11 fields both publish in, Rwanda in 2.
Research profiles alike: 0.68similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured
Compare other countries
Panama
- World rank, 2022-now
- #67
- #65 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 6.5k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 6.7%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 72%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Computer Science Applications.
Rwanda
- World rank, 2022-now
- #69
- #72 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 4.6k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 10.2%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 73%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Chemical Health and Safety, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Developmental Biology.
Who leads, measure by measure?
Rwanda leads on 4 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, international co-authorship and growth. Panama leads on 3 of 9 measures: research quality, output and citations per work. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100 and open access.
- #67Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#69
- 0.82×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.99×
- 6.5kOutputfractional works, 2022-now4.6k
- 6.7%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited10.2%
- 13.9Citations per workall time, per fractional work8.2
- 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
- 72%Open accessof its works free to read, all time73%
- 26%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time57%
- +92%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+111%
A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.
Who leads in each field?
Panama stands higher in 9 of 11 fields, Rwanda in 2. Panama leads most in Social Sciences (#56 against #70); Rwanda leads most in Computer Science (#75 against #82). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.
- #61Agricultural and Biological Sciences#68
- #59Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-
- #73Business, Management and Accounting#78
- #82Computer Science#75
- #67Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
- #76Engineering#81
- #53Environmental Science#56
- #56Health Professions-
- #64Medicine#56
- #69Psychology-
- #56Social Sciences#70
Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.
The numbers behind each field
Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.
| Field | Panama rank | Rwanda rank | Panama top 10% | Rwanda top 10% | Panama works | Rwanda works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | #61 | #68 | 6.5% | 13.9% | 526 | 263 |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | #59 | - | 7.0% | - | 217 | - |
| Business, Management and Accounting | #73 | #78 | 5.4% | 5.4% | 358 | 221 |
| Computer Science | #82 | #75 | 6.7% | 9.3% | 589 | 301 |
| Economics, Econometrics and Finance | #67 | - | 5.9% | - | 271 | - |
| Engineering | #76 | #81 | 4.6% | 8.8% | 234 | 331 |
| Environmental Science | #53 | #56 | 7.6% | 9.0% | 509 | 374 |
| Health Professions | #56 | - | 4.9% | - | 288 | - |
| Medicine | #64 | #56 | 4.3% | 10.4% | 895 | 890 |
| Psychology | #69 | - | 6.7% | - | 258 | - |
| Social Sciences | #56 | #70 | 8.6% | 11.6% | 1.8k | 799 |
What is each known for?
The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.
Panama
- Informal Learning
- Quality Education
- Organizational Commitment
- Educational Leadership
- Communication
- Technology
- City Branding
- Globalization Effects
- Urban Development
- Innovation Ecosystems
- ICT
- Digital Competence
- Social Responsibility
- Knowledge Management
- Digital Marketing
- Teacher Training
- Competitiveness
- Sustainability
- Educational Technology
- Innovation
- Education
- E-Learning
- Climate Change
- Pedagogy
- COVID-19
- Globalization
- Distance Learning
- Small and Medium Enterprises
- Digital Divide
- Online Education
- Virtual Teaching
- Inclusive Education
- Economic Impact
- Tourism Management
- Psychopharmacology Education
- Social Impact
- Teacher Development
- Student Performance
- Curriculum Design
- School Culture
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Education1,073▲ 8.1×78 topics
- Innovation593▲ 7.4×42 topics
- E-Learning508▲ 6.8×17 topics
- Educational Technology483▲ 5.3×36 topics
- Climate Change475▲ 2.2×100 topics
- Sustainability460▲ 2.4×91 topics
- Pedagogy438▲ 11×17 topics
- Competitiveness414▲ 67×6 topics
- COVID-19402▲ 4.0×28 topics
- Teacher Training400▲ 8.4×20 topics
- Globalization397▲ 2.6×85 topics
- Digital Marketing392▲ 13×6 topics
- Distance Learning361▲ 13×10 topics
- Knowledge Management357▲ 8.3×22 topics
- Small and Medium Enterprises329▲ 24×8 topics
- Social Responsibility329▲ 18×10 topics
- Digital Divide311▲ 16×8 topics
- Digital Competence308▲ 45×3 topics
- Online Education307▲ 20×4 topics
- ICT306▲ 29×4 topics
- Virtual Teaching304▲ 73×1 topic
- Innovation Ecosystems277▲ 35×2 topics
- Inclusive Education275▲ 9.8×15 topics
- Urban Development271▲ 9.9×15 topics
- Economic Impact269▲ 6.5×9 topics
- Globalization Effects252▲ 47×2 topics
- Tourism Management252▲ 47×2 topics
- City Branding250▲ 52×1 topic
- Psychopharmacology Education250▲ 52×1 topic
- Technology250▲ 6.2×20 topics
- Social Impact239▲ 7.9×14 topics
- Communication228▲ 9.3×16 topics
- Teacher Development221▲ 46×2 topics
- Educational Leadership218▲ 22×4 topics
- Student Performance216▲ 26×4 topics
- Organizational Commitment216▲ 14×5 topics
- Curriculum Design216▲ 40×2 topics
- Quality Education214▲ 77×1 topic
- School Culture214▲ 77×1 topic
- Informal Learning212▲ 21×5 topics
Rwanda
- Surgical Care
- Water Sanitation Hygiene
- Global Health
- Technology Integration
- Student Engagement
- Ethical Considerations
- Higher Education
- Health Systems
- Socio-economic Factors
- Risk Management
- Rwanda
- Middle East
- Risk Factors
- Politics
- Supply Chain Management
- Globalization
- Public Health
- Education
- Sustainability
- Epidemiology
- Climate Change
- Machine Learning
- Deep Learning
- Environmental Impact
- Educational Technology
- Remote Sensing
- Genocide
- Maternal Mortality
- Media
- Qatar
- Community Health Workers
- Health Inequalities
- Child Mortality
- Teaching Strategies
- Child Development
- Global Burden of Disease
- Medical Education
- Vaccine
- Maternal and Child Undernutrition
- Poverty Reduction
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Climate Change299▲ 1.99×104 topics
- Epidemiology291▲ 1.32×127 topics
- Machine Learning221▲ 1.20×84 topics
- Sustainability200▲ 1.48×92 topics
- Deep Learning169◆ 0.88×79 topics
- Education164▲ 1.73×70 topics
- Environmental Impact144▲ 1.53×58 topics
- Public Health141▲ 1.75×56 topics
- Educational Technology133▲ 2.0×30 topics
- Globalization129▲ 1.19×75 topics
- Remote Sensing123▲ 1.82×40 topics
- Supply Chain Management122▲ 2.5×21 topics
- Genocide120▲ 41×3 topics
- Politics114▲ 7.9×12 topics
- Maternal Mortality108▲ 8.7×5 topics
- Risk Factors106▲ 1.74×35 topics
- Media105▲ 13×5 topics
- Middle East105▲ 31×2 topics
- Qatar104▲ 104×1 topic
- Rwanda104▲ 104×1 topic
- Community Health Workers100▲ 20×2 topics
- Risk Management94▲ 3.6×14 topics
- Health Inequalities92▲ 14×5 topics
- Socio-economic Factors89▲ 14×3 topics
- Child Mortality89▲ 22×1 topic
- Health Systems89▲ 22×1 topic
- Teaching Strategies84▲ 5.4×5 topics
- Higher Education82▲ 2.8×22 topics
- Child Development82▲ 3.6×8 topics
- Ethical Considerations75▲ 3.9×15 topics
- Global Burden of Disease75▲ 5.5×4 topics
- Student Engagement74▲ 3.4×16 topics
- Medical Education71▲ 4.8×11 topics
- Technology Integration70▲ 4.0×10 topics
- Vaccine69▲ 3.1×11 topics
- Global Health68▲ 7.9×7 topics
- Maternal and Child Undernutrition63▲ 14×1 topic
- Water Sanitation Hygiene63▲ 14×1 topic
- Poverty Reduction60▲ 8.4×5 topics
- Surgical Care46▲ 15×2 topics
Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.
How has their output grown?
Panama has out-published Rwanda every year since 1980.
Fractional works per year.
Their share of all research
Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.
Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.
How much of it reaches the world top 10%
The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).
A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.
Who holds more of the world's best institutions?
A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.
- 0In the world top 500
- 0In the top 1000
- 0In the top 5000
- 0In the top 1,0000
- #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51
Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.
Which publishes more research, Panama or Rwanda?
Panama publishes 1.4× as much research as Rwanda in 2022-now (6.5k against 4.6k fractional works).
Whose research has more impact, Panama or Rwanda?
10.2% of Rwanda's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 6.7% for Panama.
Is Panama or Rwanda growing faster?
Output in 2022-25 was +111% against 2018-21 for Rwanda, and +92% for Panama.
Which has more open access research, Panama or Rwanda?
73% of Rwanda's research is free to read, against 72% of Panama's.
Which has more world-class institutions, Panama or Rwanda?
Panama holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Rwanda 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.
Which institutions lead in each country?
The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.
Panama
- 1Universidad de Panamá5.7% top 10% · 2.2k works
- 2Universidad Metropolitana de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología9.4% top 10% · 1.2k works
- 3Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá5.0% top 10% · 451 works
- 4Universidad de Santander4.6% top 10% · 232 works
- 5Quality Leadership University Panama6.1% top 10% · 210 works
- 6Hospital del Niño4.4% top 10% · 245 works
Rwanda
- 1University of Rwanda11.0% top 10% · 1.6k works
- 2University of Kigali6.7% top 10% · 612 works
- 3Ministry of Natural Resources12.5% top 10% · 458 works
- 4Rwanda Biomedical Center13.9% top 10% · 207 works
- 5University of Global Health Equity13.5% top 10% · 218 works
- 6Ministry of Education12.9% top 10% · 231 works
The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.
Who are the top researchers on each side?
The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.
Panama
- 1 Stephen P. Hubbell #1,469 worldwide 56k citations · 353 works
- 2 S. Joseph Wright #4,590 worldwide 58k citations · 585 works
- 3 Dolores R. Piperno #5,646 worldwide 16k citations · 174 works
- 4 Helene C. Muller‐Landau #10,654 worldwide 29k citations · 271 works
- 5 Richard Condit #11,184 worldwide 27k citations · 257 works
Rwanda
- 1 Corine Karema #100,026 worldwide 84k citations · 83 works
- 2 Claude Mambo Muvunyi #103,506 worldwide 4.7k citations · 224 works
- 3 Agnès Binagwaho #112,520 worldwide 24k citations · 297 works
- 4 Ainhoa Costas‐Chavarri #144,195 worldwide 4.1k citations · 51 works
- 5 Pierre Gashema #164,832 worldwide 531 citations · 71 works