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Panama vs Vietnam

On research quality in 2022-now, Vietnam ranks #66 in the world and Panama #67, of 189 countries. Panama stands higher in 4 of the 25 fields both publish in, Vietnam in 21.

Research profiles alike: 0.09different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Panama

World rank, 2022-now
#67
#65 all time
Works, 2022-now
6.5k
fractional
Top-10% rate
6.7%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
72%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Computer Science Applications.

Vietnam

World rank, 2022-now
#66
#56 all time
Works, 2022-now
82k
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.3%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
55%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Ecology, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Civil and Structural Engineering.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Panama leads on 4 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, citations per work, open access and growth. Vietnam leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, output, top-10% rate and international co-authorship. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Panama 41 level4 Vietnam
  1. #67Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#66
  2. 0.82×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.60×
  3. 6.5kOutputfractional works, 2022-now82k
  4. 6.7%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited7.3%
  5. 13.9Citations per workall time, per fractional work10.1
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 72%Open accessof its works free to read, all time55%
  8. 26%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time29%
  9. +92%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+74%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Panama stands higher in 4 of 25 fields, Vietnam in 21. Vietnam leads most in Business, Management and Accounting (#38 against #73); Panama leads most in Health Professions (#56 against #71). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Panama 421 Vietnam
  1. #61Agricultural and Biological Sciences#76
  2. -Arts and Humanities#71
  3. #59Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#70
  4. #73Business, Management and Accounting#38
  5. -Chemical Engineering#38
  6. -Chemistry#53
  7. #82Computer Science#51
  8. -Decision Sciences#41
  9. -Dentistry#51
  10. -Earth and Planetary Sciences#57
  11. #67Economics, Econometrics and Finance#47
  12. -Energy#48
  13. #76Engineering#48
  14. #53Environmental Science#46
  15. #56Health Professions#71
  16. -Immunology and Microbiology#49
  17. -Materials Science#53
  18. -Mathematics#51
  19. #64Medicine#53
  20. -Neuroscience#54
  21. -Nursing#49
  22. -Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#37
  23. -Physics and Astronomy#61
  24. #69Psychology#59
  25. #56Social Sciences#58

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Panama rankVietnam rank Panama top 10%Vietnam top 10% Panama worksVietnam works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #61 #76 6.5% 5.6% 526 4.7k
Arts and Humanities - #71 - 8.9% - 1.5k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #59 #70 7.0% 4.6% 217 3.1k
Business, Management and Accounting #73 #38 5.4% 12.6% 358 4.8k
Chemical Engineering - #38 - 6.5% - 273
Chemistry - #53 - 5.4% - 1.3k
Computer Science #82 #51 6.7% 7.4% 589 8k
Decision Sciences - #41 - 10.4% - 1.3k
Dentistry - #51 - 9.7% - 253
Earth and Planetary Sciences - #57 - 6.0% - 1k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #67 #47 5.9% 10.5% 271 3.3k
Energy - #48 - 7.1% - 1k
Engineering #76 #48 4.6% 6.6% 234 16k
Environmental Science #53 #46 7.6% 7.1% 509 7.6k
Health Professions #56 #71 4.9% 7.8% 288 1k
Immunology and Microbiology - #49 - 6.1% - 555
Materials Science - #53 - 4.9% - 3.5k
Mathematics - #51 - 7.8% - 1.5k
Medicine #64 #53 4.3% 5.4% 895 9.7k
Neuroscience - #54 - 4.6% - 458
Nursing - #49 - 6.2% - 337
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - #37 - 4.2% - 483
Physics and Astronomy - #61 - 3.9% - 1k
Psychology #69 #59 6.7% 8.8% 258 1.6k
Social Sciences #56 #58 8.6% 9.5% 1.8k 7.3k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Panama

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education1,073▲ 8.1×78 topics
  2. Innovation593▲ 7.4×42 topics
  3. E-Learning508▲ 6.8×17 topics
  4. Educational Technology483▲ 5.3×36 topics
  5. Climate Change475▲ 2.2×100 topics
  6. Sustainability460▲ 2.4×91 topics
  7. Pedagogy438▲ 11×17 topics
  8. Competitiveness414▲ 67×6 topics
  9. COVID-19402▲ 4.0×28 topics
  10. Teacher Training400▲ 8.4×20 topics
  11. Globalization397▲ 2.6×85 topics
  12. Digital Marketing392▲ 13×6 topics
  13. Distance Learning361▲ 13×10 topics
  14. Knowledge Management357▲ 8.3×22 topics
  15. Small and Medium Enterprises329▲ 24×8 topics
  16. Social Responsibility329▲ 18×10 topics
  17. Digital Divide311▲ 16×8 topics
  18. Digital Competence308▲ 45×3 topics
  19. Online Education307▲ 20×4 topics
  20. ICT306▲ 29×4 topics
  21. Virtual Teaching304▲ 73×1 topic
  22. Innovation Ecosystems277▲ 35×2 topics
  23. Inclusive Education275▲ 9.8×15 topics
  24. Urban Development271▲ 9.9×15 topics
  25. Economic Impact269▲ 6.5×9 topics
  26. Globalization Effects252▲ 47×2 topics
  27. Tourism Management252▲ 47×2 topics
  28. City Branding250▲ 52×1 topic
  29. Psychopharmacology Education250▲ 52×1 topic
  30. Technology250▲ 6.2×20 topics
  31. Social Impact239▲ 7.9×14 topics
  32. Communication228▲ 9.3×16 topics
  33. Teacher Development221▲ 46×2 topics
  34. Educational Leadership218▲ 22×4 topics
  35. Student Performance216▲ 26×4 topics
  36. Organizational Commitment216▲ 14×5 topics
  37. Curriculum Design216▲ 40×2 topics
  38. Quality Education214▲ 77×1 topic
  39. School Culture214▲ 77×1 topic
  40. Informal Learning212▲ 21×5 topics

Vietnam

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Deep Learning4,809▲ 1.44×85 topics
  2. Risk Assessment3,823▲ 6.0×29 topics
  3. Machine Learning3,748▲ 1.16×96 topics
  4. GIS-based Evaluation3,304▲ 105×2 topics
  5. Fuzzy Mathematics3,282▲ 162×1 topic
  6. Set Pair Analysis3,282▲ 162×1 topic
  7. Environmental Impact2,725▲ 1.65×71 topics
  8. Epidemiology2,604▼ 0.68×138 topics
  9. Sustainability2,540◆ 1.08×124 topics
  10. Climate Change2,333◆ 0.89×119 topics
  11. Neural Networks2,310▲ 1.55×41 topics
  12. Economic Growth1,925▲ 2.4×36 topics
  13. Renewable Energy1,924▲ 1.38×58 topics
  14. Globalization1,892◆ 1.00×152 topics
  15. Nanomaterials1,645▲ 1.63×21 topics
  16. Antioxidant1,581▲ 2.4×51 topics
  17. History1,473▲ 2.2×53 topics
  18. Biomedical Applications1,456▲ 1.27×36 topics
  19. Identity1,451▲ 2.1×64 topics
  20. Religion1,430▲ 3.2×38 topics
  21. Vietnam1,369▲ 35×2 topics
  22. Culture1,363▲ 2.7×37 topics
  23. Gender1,352▲ 2.6×52 topics
  24. Colonialism1,347▲ 2.9×41 topics
  25. Politics1,301▲ 5.1×21 topics
  26. Society1,296▲ 7.0×20 topics
  27. Economy1,273▲ 18×7 topics
  28. Convolutional Neural Networks1,239▲ 1.76×14 topics
  29. Consumer Behavior1,143▲ 1.90×19 topics
  30. Higher Education1,077▲ 2.1×30 topics
  31. Anti-inflammatory1,041▲ 3.8×29 topics
  32. Environmental Management989▲ 2.5×23 topics
  33. Medicinal Plants980▲ 2.6×20 topics
  34. Infrastructure912▲ 8.0×8 topics
  35. Monitoring790▲ 9.0×5 topics
  36. Laser Scanning643▲ 32×2 topics
  37. Geodetic639▲ 83×1 topic
  38. Leveling639▲ 83×1 topic
  39. Second Language Acquisition571▲ 6.4×3 topics
  40. Corrective Feedback531▲ 7.4×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Vietnam has out-published Panama every year since 1980.

still counting10k20k30kVietnam26k in 2025Panama2,375 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%0.60%Vietnam0.44% in 2025Panama0.040% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Vietnam7.4% in 2025Panama6.9% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Panama 05 level0 Vietnam
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Panama or Vietnam?

Vietnam publishes 12.6× as much research as Panama in 2022-now (82k against 6.5k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Panama or Vietnam?

7.3% of Vietnam's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 6.7% for Panama.

Is Panama or Vietnam growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +92% against 2018-21 for Panama, and +74% for Vietnam.

Which has more open access research, Panama or Vietnam?

72% of Panama's research is free to read, against 55% of Vietnam's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Panama or Vietnam?

Panama holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Vietnam 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Panama

  1. 1Universidad de Panamá5.7% top 10% · 2.2k works
  2. 2Universidad Metropolitana de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología9.4% top 10% · 1.2k works
  3. 3Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá5.0% top 10% · 451 works
  4. 4Universidad de Santander4.6% top 10% · 232 works
  5. 5Quality Leadership University Panama6.1% top 10% · 210 works
  6. 6Hospital del Niño4.4% top 10% · 245 works

Vietnam

  1. 1University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City17.0% top 10% · 1.6k works
  2. 2FPT University10.5% top 10% · 1.7k works
  3. 3National Economics University15.8% top 10% · 1.2k works
  4. 4Phenikaa University9.7% top 10% · 1k works
  5. 5Duy Tan University14.0% top 10% · 1.3k works
  6. 6Ho Chi Minh City Open University15.5% top 10% · 857 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Panama

  1. 1 Stephen P. Hubbell #1,469 worldwide 56k citations · 353 works
  2. 2 S. Joseph Wright‬ #4,590 worldwide 58k citations · 585 works
  3. 3 Dolores R. Piperno #5,646 worldwide 16k citations · 174 works
  4. 4 Helene C. Muller‐Landau #10,654 worldwide 29k citations · 271 works
  5. 5 Richard Condit #11,184 worldwide 27k citations · 257 works

Vietnam

  1. 1 Xuan Vinh Vo #1,005 worldwide 17k citations · 382 works
  2. 2 Arivalagan Pugazhendhi #1,857 worldwide 47k citations · 692 works
  3. 3 Dinh‐Toi Chu #3,275 worldwide 128k citations · 334 works
  4. 4 Bach Xuan Tran #5,523 worldwide 263k citations · 504 works
  5. 5 Anh Tuan Hoang #8,950 worldwide 26k citations · 465 works