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University · Islamabad · Pakistan

Allama Iqbal Open University

In research, Allama Iqbal Open University stands highest in Social Sciences (#4,495 of 9,585 worldwide), Social Sciences (#3,316 of 5,988 worldwide) and Physical Sciences (#8,907 of 10,670 worldwide), 2022-now. Relative to its size it is most specialised in Education and Political Science and International Relations (Education is 5.0× its share of world research).

aiou.edu.pkROR OpenAlex
World rank, 2022-now
#6,760
of 22,385 · #10,787 all time
Rank in Pakistan
#83
of 231
Research works
1.6k
▲ 45% vs 2018-21
Citations
12k
7.6 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
7.0%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
0.89×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
72%
world 40%
International
26%
world 18%
Allama Iqbal Open University

What is Allama Iqbal Open University known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, 2022-now, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
Social SciencesDomain #4,495 of 9,585 5.1%393 #7948
Social SciencesField #3,316 of 5,988 4.8%247 #5744
Physical SciencesDomain #8,907 of 10,670 10.3%194 #12900
EducationSubfield #1,680 of 1,930 5.3%111 #2451

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where Allama Iqbal Open University sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which of those standings moved

The same fields on both windows: where it stood over the whole record, and where it stands in 2022-now. The distance is the story, and it is the one thing the two rank columns above cannot show.

  1. Social Sciences#7,948 #4,495
  2. Social Sciences#5,744 #3,316
  3. Physical Sciences#12,900 #8,907
  4. Education#2,451 #1,680
all time2022-now, better2022-now, worse

A dot further right is a better standing. Fields it was not ranked in over the whole record are left out.

Which fields of science does Allama Iqbal Open University work in?

In 2022-now, 57% of research at Allama Iqbal Open University is in Social Sciences, 28% in Physical Sciences. Its largest fields are Social Sciences (35%), Computer Science (9%), Medicine (6%). It does 2.3× the world's share of Social Sciences.

Social Sciences: 427 fractional works · 56.5% of its workSocial Sciences: 265 fractional works · 35.1% of its workEducation: 116 fractional works · 15.3% of its workSociology and Political Science: 58 fractional works · 7.7% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 44 fractional works · 5.9% of its workCommunication: 11 fractional works · 1.4% of its workSafety Research: 6 fractional works · 0.9% of its workLibrary and Information Sciences: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workGender Studies: 5 fractional works · 0.7% of its workDemography: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workCultural Studies: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHealth: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workLinguistics and Language: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHuman Factors and Ergonomics: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workTransportation: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 4 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPsychology: 41 fractional works · 5.5% of its workClinical Psychology: 16 fractional works · 2.1% of its workSocial Psychology: 15 fractional works · 1.9% of its workDevelopmental and Educational Psychology: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workExperimental and Cognitive Psychology: 3 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 40 fractional works · 5.3% of its workAccounting: 17 fractional works · 2.3% of its workStrategy and Management: 9 fractional works · 1.2% of its workOrganizational Behavior and Human Resource Management: 6 fractional works · 0.9% of its workManagement Information Systems: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMarketing: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workArts and Humanities: 34 fractional works · 4.5% of its workPhilosophy: 9 fractional works · 1.2% of its workLanguage and Linguistics: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 5 fractional works · 0.7% of its workArcheology: 4 fractional works · 0.5% of its workVisual Arts and Performing Arts: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workConservation: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workReligious studies: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 27 fractional works · 3.6% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 20 fractional works · 2.7% of its workFinance: 4 fractional works · 0.6% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workDecision Sciences: 19 fractional works · 2.5% of its workInformation Systems and Management: 10 fractional works · 1.3% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 6 fractional works · 0.9% of its workStatistics, Probability and Uncertainty: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPhysical Sciences: 215 fractional works · 28.4% of its workComputer Science: 65 fractional works · 8.7% of its workInformation Systems: 34 fractional works · 4.4% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 14 fractional works · 1.9% of its workComputer Science Applications: 7 fractional works · 1.0% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 4 fractional works · 0.5% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workComputational Theory and Mathematics: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEngineering: 39 fractional works · 5.1% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 14 fractional works · 1.8% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 7 fractional works · 0.9% of its workMechanical Engineering: 4 fractional works · 0.6% of its workAerospace Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workBuilding and Construction: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMedia Technology: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workAutomotive Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 5 fractional works · 0.7% of its workMaterials Science: 38 fractional works · 5.0% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 27 fractional works · 3.6% of its workElectronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workPolymers and Plastics: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workBiomaterials: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEnvironmental Science: 20 fractional works · 2.7% of its workPollution: 4 fractional works · 0.5% of its workWater Science and Technology: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workChemistry: 15 fractional works · 2.0% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 8 fractional works · 1.0% of its workInorganic Chemistry: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAnalytical Chemistry: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMathematics: 14 fractional works · 1.8% of its workGeometry and Topology: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workStatistics and Probability: 4 fractional works · 0.5% of its workApplied Mathematics: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEnergy: 13 fractional works · 1.8% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 11 fractional works · 1.5% of its workGeneral Energy: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 6 fractional works · 0.7% of its workAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics: 4 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workChemical Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workHealth Sciences: 65 fractional works · 8.7% of its workMedicine: 44 fractional works · 5.8% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 5 fractional works · 0.6% of its workEpidemiology: 4 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPhysiology: 4 fractional works · 0.5% of its workInfectious Diseases: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSurgery: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workOncology: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHealth Informatics: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPharmacology: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEndocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 15 fractional works · 1.9% of its workHealth Professions: 14 fractional works · 1.9% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 7 fractional works · 1.0% of its workSpeech and Hearing: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workRadiological and Ultrasound Technology: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workNursing: 6 fractional works · 0.9% of its workNutrition and Dietetics: 5 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workVeterinary: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workDentistry: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workLife Sciences: 49 fractional works · 6.5% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 28 fractional works · 3.6% of its workPlant Science: 11 fractional works · 1.4% of its workFood Science: 5 fractional works · 0.7% of its workGeneral Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAnimal Science and Zoology: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workAgronomy and Crop Science: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSoil Science: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 12 fractional works · 1.5% of its workMolecular Biology: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workGenetics: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNeuroscience: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workCognitive Neuroscience: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workALL ITS WORKAllama Iqbal OpenUniversity756fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences6%Physical Sciences28%Health Sciences9%Social Sciences57%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 26 fields, with their numbers
    1. Social Sciences26535.1%
    2. Psychology415.5%
    3. Business, Management and Accounting405.3%
    4. Arts and Humanities344.5%
    5. Economics, Econometrics and Finance273.6%
    6. Decision Sciences192.5%
    1. Computer Science658.7%
    2. Engineering395.1%
    3. Materials Science385.0%
    4. Environmental Science202.7%
    5. Chemistry152.0%
    6. Mathematics141.8%
    7. Energy131.8%
    8. Physics and Astronomy60.7%
    9. Earth and Planetary Sciences30.4%
    10. Chemical Engineering20.2%
    1. Medicine445.8%
    2. Health Professions141.9%
    3. Nursing60.9%
    4. Veterinary10.1%
    5. Dentistry00.0%
    1. Agricultural and Biological Sciences283.6%
    2. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology121.5%
    3. Neuroscience60.8%
    4. Immunology and Microbiology20.3%
    5. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics10.2%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What does Allama Iqbal Open University specialise in?

Where its research is concentrated relative to its size: Education takes 5.0× the share of its output that it takes of world research.

  1. EducationSubfield · 115.5 works5.0×
  2. Political Science and International RelationsSubfield · 44.2 works3.9×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient, a volume reading rather than an impact one. It surfaces small, lopsided specialities.

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.77× its world share, 28 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.29× its world share, 12 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.25× its world share, 2 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 0.52× its world share, 6 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.46× its world share, 1 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.65× its world share, 2 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 1.27× its world share, 15 worksChemistryComputer Science: 1.11× its world share, 65 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.24× its world share, 3 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 1.94× its world share, 13 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.34× its world share, 39 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 0.54× its world share, 20 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 1.42× its world share, 38 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 1.55× its world share, 14 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.33× its world share, 6 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 0.06× its world share, 0 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 0.72× its world share, 14 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.30× its world share, 44 worksMedicineNursing: 1.75× its world share, 6 worksNursingVeterinary: 0.66× its world share, 1 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 1.57× its world share, 34 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 1.66× its world share, 40 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 2.63× its world share, 19 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 1.67× its world share, 27 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 1.80× its world share, 42 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 2.77× its world share, 265 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Social Sciences, 2.8×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 26 fields, with their numbers
  1. Social Sciences2.77×265 works
  2. Decision Sciences2.63×19 works
  3. Energy1.94×13 works
  4. Psychology1.80×42 works
  5. Nursing1.75×6 works
  6. Economics, Econometrics and Finance1.67×27 works
  7. Business, Management and Accounting1.66×40 works
  8. Arts and Humanities1.57×34 works
  9. Mathematics1.55×14 works
  10. Materials Science1.42×38 works
  11. Chemistry1.27×15 works
  12. Computer Science1.11×65 works
  13. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.77×28 works
  14. Health Professions0.72×14 works
  15. Veterinary0.66×1 works
  16. Chemical Engineering0.65×2 works
  17. Environmental Science0.54×20 works
  18. Neuroscience0.52×6 works
  19. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.46×1 works
  20. Engineering0.34×39 works
  21. Physics and Astronomy0.33×6 works
  22. Medicine0.30×44 works
  23. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.29×12 works
  24. Immunology and Microbiology0.25×2 works
  25. Earth and Planetary Sciences0.24×3 works
  26. Dentistry0.06×0 works

Who are the top researchers at Allama Iqbal Open University?

Ranked on the quality score, Sana Ali, Munazza Jabeen and Muhammad Arif lead among researchers whose main affiliation is Allama Iqbal Open University.

  1. 1 Sana Ali Pakistan · #639,390 worldwide 2.2k citations · 85 works
  2. 2 Munazza Jabeen Pakistan · #896,503 worldwide 412 citations · 36 works
  3. 3 Muhammad Arif Pakistan · #1,023,059 worldwide 828 citations · 74 works
  4. 4 Mahpara Safdar Pakistan · #1,321,619 worldwide 1.9k citations · 52 works
  5. 5 Syeda Mahvish Zahra Pakistan · #1,378,344 worldwide 685 citations · 41 works
  6. 6 Muhammad Farooq Mustafa Pakistan · #1,424,555 worldwide 747 citations · 24 works
  7. 7 Muhammad Anees Ur Rehman Qureshi Pakistan · #1,460,573 worldwide 584 citations · 39 works
  8. 8 Iqbal Ahmad Pakistan · #1,911,443 worldwide 2.8k citations · 127 works
  9. 9 Muhammad Waseem Pakistan · #2,065,032 worldwide 294 citations · 18 works
  10. 10 Saadia Anwar Pasha Pakistan · #2,097,683 worldwide 328 citations · 42 works
All ranked researchers at Allama Iqbal Open University

What are the most cited papers from Allama Iqbal Open University?

The most cited paper from Allama Iqbal Open University is "The role of laboratory work in university chemistry" (Norman Reid, Iqbal Shah, 2007), with 471 citations. Next come "Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some thiourea derivatives bearing benzothiazole moiety as potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents" (434) and "Exopolysaccharides producing rhizobacteria and their role in plant growth and drought tolerance" (398).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The role of laboratory work in university chemistry Norman Reid, Iqbal Shah · Chemistry Education Research and Practice 2007 471
2 Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some thiourea derivatives bearing benzothiazole moiety as potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents Sohail Saeed, Naghmana Rashid, Peter G. Jones et al. · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 17 Dec 2009 434
3 Exopolysaccharides producing rhizobacteria and their role in plant growth and drought tolerance Hafsa Naseem, Muhammad Tayyab Ahsan, Muhammad Adnan Shahid et al. · Journal of Basic Microbiology 5 Sep 2018 398
4 Classification Techniques in Machine Learning: Applications and Issues Aized Amin Soofi, Muhammad Arshad Awan · Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences Open access 5 Jan 2017 320
5 Seed priming with titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhances seed vigor, leaf water status, and antioxidant enzyme activities in maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress Tariq Mahmud Shah, Sadia Latif, Fozia Saeed et al. · Journal of King Saud University - Science Open access 16 Oct 2020 314
All 58 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at Allama Iqbal Open University?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Educational Technology, E-Learning, Technology Integration, Online Learning, Teacher Training, Education, Social Media and Globalization.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education38▲ 3.0×33 topics
  2. Globalization38▲ 2.6×43 topics
  3. Educational Technology38▲ 4.2×22 topics
  4. E-Learning35▲ 4.9×16 topics
  5. Social Media35▲ 3.4×22 topics
  6. Online Learning32▲ 5.2×13 topics
  7. Technology Integration28▲ 12×10 topics
  8. Teacher Training28▲ 5.9×11 topics
  9. Mental Health24▲ 2.2×25 topics
  10. Curriculum Development23▲ 4.5×12 topics
  11. Pedagogy22▲ 5.7×9 topics
  12. Conflict21▲ 17×5 topics
  13. Student Satisfaction21▲ 15×2 topics
  14. Islamic Education20▲ 8.2×3 topics
  15. Security20▲ 4.0×10 topics
  16. Gender Equality19▲ 9.0×8 topics
  17. Religious Education18▲ 15×3 topics
  18. Madrasa18▲ 34×1 topic
  19. Muslim Students18▲ 34×1 topic
  20. Afghanistan17▲ 97×1 topic
  21. Pakistan17▲ 97×1 topic
  22. Reconstruction17▲ 14×2 topics
  23. Mobile Learning16▲ 6.2×5 topics
  24. Teacher Professional Development16▲ 13×5 topics
  25. Lifelong Learning16▲ 9.9×8 topics
  26. Distance Education15▲ 10×3 topics
  27. Feminism14▲ 6.5×5 topics
  28. Ethnicity14▲ 5.0×7 topics
  29. Stress14▲ 5.1×6 topics
  30. Middle East14▲ 30×2 topics
  31. Self-Efficacy14▲ 7.0×9 topics
  32. Secularism13▲ 16×3 topics
  33. Hermeneutics12▲ 21×2 topics
  34. Finance12▲ 8.9×3 topics
  35. Islamic reform12▲ 37×1 topic
  36. Ottoman Empire12▲ 23×1 topic
  37. Google Classroom12▲ 15×1 topic
  38. Teacher Perception12▲ 14×1 topic
  39. Financial Stability11▲ 7.7×3 topics
  40. Instructional Design11▲ 19×3 topics

Which research topics does Allama Iqbal Open University publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Education and Islamic Studies, Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East, Islamic Studies and History and Technology-Enhanced Education Studies.

Education and Islamic Studies: 18 fractional worksPolitics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East: 17 fractional worksIslamic Studies and Hist…12Islamic Studies and History: 12 fractional worksTechnology-Enhanced Educ…12Technology-Enhanced Education Studies: 12 fractional worksIslamic Finance and Banking Studies: 10 fractional worksLinguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies: 9 fractional worksOnline and Blended Learn…9Online and Blended Learning: 9 fractional worksEducation and Critical Thinking Development: 7 fractional worksTechnology Adoption and User Behaviour: 7 fractional worksHealth and Well-being Studies: 6 fractional works
EducationPolitical Science and International RelationsAccountingSociology and Political Science2 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Education and Islamic Studies Education 18 works
  2. 2 Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East Political Science and International Relations 17 works
  3. 3 Islamic Studies and History Political Science and International Relations 12 works
  4. 4 Technology-Enhanced Education Studies Education 12 works
  5. 5 Islamic Finance and Banking Studies Accounting 10 works
  6. 6 Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies Sociology and Political Science 9 works
  7. 7 Online and Blended Learning Education 9 works
  8. 8 Education and Critical Thinking Development Education 7 works
  9. 9 Technology Adoption and User Behaviour Information Systems and Management 7 works
  10. 10 Health and Well-being Studies Clinical Psychology 6 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available71.7%not open28.3%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors25.6%domestic only74.4%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has Allama Iqbal Open University's research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 45% higher than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Allama Iqbal Open University as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0033% in 2024.

still counting0.0020%0.0040%Allama Iqbal Open University0.0033% in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works of Allama Iqbal Open University over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting10%20%all institutions10.0% in 2025Allama Iqbal Open University7.9% in 20252020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 16.9% in 2010.

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Allama Iqbal Open University on Science Explorer

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