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Topic · Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Adrenal Hormones and Disorders

Adrenal Hormones and Disorders is a research topic within Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. Science Explorer counts 25k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the diagnosis and management of adrenal insufficiency, particularly in the context of septic shock and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. It covers topics such as corticosteroid therapy, hydrocortisone treatment, AIRE gene mutations, cortisol response, and the impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The research also delves into glucocorticoid replacement, autoimmune disorders, and endocrine dysfunction.

  • Adrenal Insufficiency
  • Corticosteroid Therapy
  • Septic Shock
  • Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome
  • Hydrocortisone Treatment
  • Glucocorticoid Replacement
  • AIRE Gene Mutations
  • Cortisol Response
  • Endocrine Disorders
  • Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysfunction
Research works
25k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.5k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+18%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
32% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Adrenal Hormones and Disorders

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Adrenal Hormones and Disorders research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (924 and 481 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 924 works
  2. 2 China 481 works
  3. 3 United Kingdom 234 works
  4. 4 Japan 223 works
  5. 5 India 217 works
  6. 6 Italy 206 works
  7. 7 Germany 174 works
  8. 8 Türkiye 138 works
  9. 9 Spain 136 works
  10. 10 France 127 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 32.3%China: 16.8%United Kingdom: 8.2%Japan: 7.8%6 others listed: 34.9%32%largest
United States924 · 32.3%China481 · 16.8%United Kingdom234 · 8.2%Japan223 · 7.8%6 others listed997 · 34.9%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Adrenal Hormones and Disorders research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Adrenal Hormones and Disorders research, followed by Mayo Clinic and National Institutes of Health.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 37 works
  2. 2 Mayo ClinicUnited States 37 works
  3. 3 National Institutes of HealthUnited States 23 works
  4. 4 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGermany 22 works
  5. 5 University of PaduaItaly 21 works
  6. 6 InsermFrance 19 works
  7. 7 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina 18 works
  8. 8 Karolinska InstitutetSweden 18 works
  9. 9 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 17 works
  10. 10 Chongqing Medical UniversityChina 16 works

Who are the leading researchers in Adrenal Hormones and Disorders?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Adrenal Hormones and Disorders include George Davey Smith, Julian P. T. Higgins and Guido Kroemer.

  1. 1 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  2. 2 Julian P. T. Higgins United Kingdom 390k citations
  3. 3 Guido Kroemer France 386k citations
  4. 4 John J.V. McMurray United Kingdom 349k citations
  5. 5 Cyrus Cooper United Kingdom 342k citations
  6. 6 Mika Kivimäki United Kingdom 318k citations
  7. 7 Gordon Henry Guyatt Canada 315k citations
  8. 8 Gregory Y.H. Lip United Kingdom 311k citations
  9. 9 Peter Jüni Switzerland 303k citations
  10. 10 Salim Yusuf Canada 294k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Adrenal Hormones and Disorders?

The most cited paper in Adrenal Hormones and Disorders is "How Do Glucocorticoids Influence Stress Responses? Integrating Permissive, Suppressive, Stimulatory, and Preparative Actions*" (Robert Morris Sapolsky, L. Michael Romero, Allan U. Munck, 2000), with 6,620 citations. Next come "Eplerenone, a Selective Aldosterone Blocker, in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction" (4,965) and "Antiinflammatory Action of Glucocorticoids — New Mechanisms for Old Drugs" (3,178).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 How Do Glucocorticoids Influence Stress Responses? Integrating Permissive, Suppressive, Stimulatory, and Preparative Actions* Robert Morris Sapolsky, L. Michael Romero, Allan U. Munck · Endocrine Reviews Feb 2000 6,620
2 Eplerenone, a Selective Aldosterone Blocker, in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction Bertram Pitt, Willem J. Remme, Faiez M. Zannad et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 2 Apr 2003 4,965
3 Antiinflammatory Action of Glucocorticoids — New Mechanisms for Old Drugs Turk Rhen, John Anthony Cidlowski · New England Journal of Medicine 20 Oct 2005 3,178
4 Eplerenone in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure and Mild Symptoms Faiez M. Zannad, John J.V. McMurray, Henry Krum et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 14 Nov 2010 3,112
5 Effect of Treatment With Low Doses of Hydrocortisone and Fludrocortisone on Mortality in Patients With Septic Shock Djillali Annane · JAMA 21 Aug 2002 3,104
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Adrenal Hormones and Disorders research done?

The largest centres of Adrenal Hormones and Disorders research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), London (United Kingdom), Tokyo (Japan) and Paris (France). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Padova and Bethesda.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 82 works
  2. 2 LondonUnited Kingdom 69 works
  3. 3 TokyoJapan 54 works
  4. 4 ParisFrance 50 works
  5. 5 New YorkUnited States 40 works
  6. 6 IstanbulTürkiye 39 works
  7. 7 MadridSpain 38 works
  8. 8 SeoulSouth Korea 36 works
  9. 9 BostonUnited States 34 works
  10. 10 RomeItaly 34 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. PadovaIT · 23.3 works6.4×
  2. BethesdaUS · 23.6 works4.7×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Adrenal Hormones and Disorders than the world average.

See Adrenal Hormones and Disorders on the map

Where is the best place to study Adrenal Hormones and Disorders?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Karolinska Institutet and Erasmus University Rotterdam score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 19.31%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Erasmus University R…Ludwig-Maximilians-U…Harvard UniversityKarolinska Institutet
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 75.018.9%3.2×37 +16.1%
2Karolinska InstitutetSweden 66.415.7%8.7×18 +30.5%
3Erasmus University RotterdamNetherlands 65.326.1%4.7×9 +26.0%
4Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGermany 63.019.2%7.0×22 -5.7%
5Radboud University NijmegenNetherlands 60.921.1%4.5×10 +36.4%
6University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 60.122.7%2.1×11 +77.0%
7Chongqing Medical UniversityChina 57.919.2%7.9×16 +30.6%
8University of PaduaItaly 57.514.9%7.1×21 -3.0%
9University of MichiganUnited States 53.118.1%2.7×15 +8.5%
10University of BergenNorway 52.317.2%8.6×10 +8.5%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Adrenal Hormones and Disorders, country by country

Is Adrenal Hormones and Disorders research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 18% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Adrenal Hormones and Disorders.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Adrenal Hormones and Disorders as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.017% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%0.060%Adrenal Hormones and Disorders0.018% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Adrenal Hormones and Disorders over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Adrenal Hormones and Disorders10.1% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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