Retinal Development and Disorders
Retinal Development and Disorders is a research topic within Molecular Biology. Science Explorer counts 45k research works in it since 1950. 16.4% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.
This cluster of papers focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying retinal degeneration, including diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration. It also explores potential therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy and the use of retinal stem cells for regeneration.
- Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Gene Therapy
- Retinal Stem Cells
- Photoreceptor Degeneration
- Müller Cells
- Macular Degeneration
- Visual Function
- Optic Cup Morphogenesis
- Electroretinography
- Neural Regeneration
- Research works
- 45k fractional, since 1950
- In the world top 10%
- 7.5k per year above
- Top-10% rate
- 16.4% share of its works in the world top 10%
- Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
- +2% the tick is no change
Which countries lead Retinal Development and Disorders research?
By volume, the United States and China publish the most (1.4k and 678 works in 2022–2025).
By volume, 2022–2025
- 1 United States 1.4k works
- 2 China 678 works
- 3 United Kingdom 254 works
- 4 Germany 246 works
- 5 Japan 235 works
- 6 India 168 works
- 7 Italy 164 works
- 8 Spain 137 works
- 9 France 129 works
- 10 Canada 112 works
How concentrated that is
The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.
Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.
Which institutions lead Retinal Development and Disorders research?
By volume in 2022–2025, Sun Yat-sen University publishes the most Retinal Development and Disorders research, followed by University College London and University of Washington.
By volume, 2022–2025
- 1 Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 42 works
- 2 University College LondonUnited Kingdom 41 works
- 3 University of WashingtonUnited States 26 works
- 4 Harvard UniversityUnited States 23 works
- 5 Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 23 works
- 6 University of MichiganUnited States 21 works
- 7 Columbia UniversityUnited States 20 works
- 8 University of PennsylvaniaUnited States 19 works
- 9 National Eye InstituteUnited States 18 works
- 10 University of MiamiUnited States 18 works
Who are the leading researchers in Retinal Development and Disorders?
The most-cited researchers publishing on Retinal Development and Disorders include Mark J. Daly, A. M. Litke and Gerald M. Rubin.
- 1 Mark J. Daly United States 9.6k citations
- 2 A. M. Litke United States 7.4k citations
- 3 Gerald M. Rubin United States 6.2k citations
- 4 Tien Yin Wong Singapore 4.3k citations
- 5 Cornelia M. van Duijn Netherlands 3.7k citations
- 6 Richard K. Wilson United States 3.7k citations
Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.
Where is Retinal Development and Disorders research done?
The largest centres of Retinal Development and Disorders research in 2022–2025 are Beijing (China), London (United Kingdom), New York (United States) and Paris (France). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Tübingen, Bethesda and Basel.
Largest cities, 2022–2025
Where it is the local speciality
- TübingenDE · 34.1 works14×
- BethesdaUS · 45.5 works8.3×
- BaselCH · 20.0 works7.1×
Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Retinal Development and Disorders than the world average.
Where is the best place to study Retinal Development and Disorders?
Among universities, judged by research, University of Iowa, University College London and Johns Hopkins University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.
One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.
| # | University | Score | Top 10% | Specialisation | Works | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | University of IowaUnited States | 62.4 | 26.2% | 9.3× | 18 | +23.1% |
| 2 | University College LondonUnited Kingdom | 60.9 | 18.7% | 6.7× | 41 | +2.4% |
| 3 | Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States | 58.0 | 29.9% | 4.8× | 23 | +31.3% |
| 4 | University of WashingtonUnited States | 55.2 | 25.7% | 5.7× | 26 | -9.5% |
| 5 | Harvard UniversityUnited States | 54.2 | 27.8% | 4.2× | 23 | -1.1% |
| 6 | University of Eastern FinlandFinland | 53.2 | 15.4% | 9.7× | 8 | +123.7% |
| 7 | Washington University in St. LouisUnited States | 52.4 | 32.8% | 4.9× | 15 | -15.1% |
| 8 | University of TübingenGermany | 50.2 | 14.0% | 9.2× | 16 | +8.5% |
| 9 | Baylor College of MedicineUnited States | 50.0 | 14.9% | 8.4× | 15 | +74.2% |
| 10 | University of California, IrvineUnited States | 49.8 | 25.7% | 5.7× | 15 | +15.9% |
Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.
Is Retinal Development and Disorders research growing?
Output in 2018–2022 was 2% higher than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2019. The fastest-growing topics are Retinal Development and Disorders.
The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.
Which topics inside it are moving
Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.