Social and Intergroup Psychology

Social and Intergroup Psychology is a research topic within Sociology and Political Science. Science Explorer counts 33k research works in it since 1950. 9.8% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores intergroup relations, social identity theories, implicit biases, stereotype threat, prejudice reduction, power dynamics, system justification, morality and justice, attitude change, and group dynamics in various social contexts.

Intergroup Contact
Social Identity
Implicit Bias
Stereotype Threat
Prejudice Reduction
Power Dynamics
System Justification
Morality and Justice
Attitude Change
Group Dynamics

Research works: 33k
In the world top 10%: 3.2k
Top-10% rate: 9.8%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25: -5%
Largest producer: United States

Social and Intergroup Psychology

Which countries lead Social and Intergroup Psychology research?

By volume, the United States and Germany publish the most (2.3k and 510 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

1 United States 2.3k works
2 Germany 510 works
3 China 469 works
4 United Kingdom 393 works
5 Canada 246 works
6 Netherlands 221 works
7 Australia 153 works
8 Italy 150 works
9 Japan 124 works
10 Israel 114 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States2,293 · 49.1%Germany510 · 10.9%China469 · 10.0%United Kingdom393 · 8.4%6 others listed1,009 · 21.6%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Social and Intergroup Psychology research?

By volume in 2022-now, New York University publishes the most Social and Intergroup Psychology research, followed by University of Chicago and Utrecht University.

By volume, 2022-now

1 New York UniversityUnited States 47 works
2 University of ChicagoUnited States 41 works
3 Utrecht UniversityNetherlands 38 works
4 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 37 works
5 Stanford UniversityUnited States 37 works
6 University of TorontoCanada 36 works
7 University of AmsterdamNetherlands 36 works
8 City University of New YorkUnited States 31 works
9 The Ohio State UniversityUnited States 29 works
10 University of MichiganUnited States 28 works

Who are the leading researchers in Social and Intergroup Psychology?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Social and Intergroup Psychology include Daniel J. Kahneman, Richard M. Ryan and Albert Bandura.

1 Daniel J. Kahneman United States 395k citations
2 Richard M. Ryan United States 395k citations
3 Albert Bandura United States 370k citations
4 Amos Tversky United States 327k citations
5 Edward L. Deci United States 325k citations
6 Icek Ajzen United States 267k citations
7 Xiaogang Wang China 260k citations
8 Peter M. Bentler United States 233k citations
9 Nicholas G. Martin Australia 228k citations
10 Norito Kawakami Japan 202k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Social and Intergroup Psychology?

The most cited paper in Social and Intergroup Psychology is "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations." (Reuben M. Baron, David A. Kenny, 1986), with 72,222 citations. Next come "Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective" (15,325) and "Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries" (14,493).

Most cited papers
#	Paper	Released	Citations
1	The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Reuben M. Baron, David A. Kenny · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	1986	72,222
2	Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective Albert Bandura · Annual Review of Psychology Review	Feb 2001	15,325
3	Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries Shalom H. Schwartz · Advances in experimental social psychology Book chapter	1992	14,493
4	The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior Henri Tajfel, John C. Turner · Political Psychology Book chapter	9 Jan 2004	13,549
5	An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict Henri Tajfel, John C. Turner Book chapter	18 Mar 2000	12,732

All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Social and Intergroup Psychology research done?

The largest centres of Social and Intergroup Psychology research in 2022-now are New York (United States), Beijing (China), London (United Kingdom) and Chicago (United States). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Mannheim.

Largest cities, 2022-now

1 New YorkUnited States 124 works
2 BeijingChina 88 works
3 LondonUnited Kingdom 86 works
4 ChicagoUnited States 67 works
5 AmsterdamNetherlands 61 works
6 TorontoCanada 55 works
7 WarsawPoland 51 works
8 Los AngelesUnited States 50 works
9 UtrechtNetherlands 47 works
10 SeoulSouth Korea 45 works

Where it is the local speciality

MannheimDE · 26.9 works19×

← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Social and Intergroup Psychology than the world average.

See Social and Intergroup Psychology on the map

Where is the best place to study Social and Intergroup Psychology?

Among universities, judged by research, Stanford University, New York University and University of Amsterdam score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged

40%

Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share

10%

Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale

30%

Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%

10%

Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad

10%

Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.

#	University	Score	Top 10%	Specialisation	Works	Growth
1	Stanford UniversityUnited States	82.9	22.8%	4.8×	37	+7.0%
2	New York UniversityUnited States	69.0	14.0%	7.9×	47	-17.7%
3	University of AmsterdamNetherlands	68.9	18.1%	11.4×	36	-8.2%
4	University of TorontoCanada	67.4	13.9%	3.4×	36	+17.8%
5	University of PennsylvaniaUnited States	67.3	25.9%	4.3×	24	-14.2%
6	University of ChicagoUnited States	64.6	7.1%	9.3×	41	+44.9%
7	The University of QueenslandAustralia	63.3	19.5%	5.0×	25	-10.3%
8	Utrecht UniversityNetherlands	62.8	9.2%	10.2×	38	+5.8%
9	University College LondonUnited Kingdom	61.7	14.1%	3.0×	25	+19.5%
10	Harvard UniversityUnited States	61.6	21.3%	1.3×	22	-10.3%
11	Duke UniversityUnited States	61.3	12.9%	6.2×	26	+13.9%
12	Princeton UniversityUnited States	58.9	14.2%	8.4×	20	-28.2%
13	Hebrew University of JerusalemIsrael	58.7	13.8%	8.8×	24	-10.5%
14	University of British ColumbiaCanada	58.1	14.0%	3.3×	21	+1.5%
15	University of VirginiaUnited States	57.6	13.6%	5.7×	19	+23.4%
16	University of GroningenNetherlands	57.3	15.1%	7.8×	28	-20.2%
17	Australian National UniversityAustralia	56.8	21.3%	4.7×	13	+23.3%
18	Northwestern UniversityUnited States	56.5	18.4%	4.1×	18	-15.4%
19	Cornell UniversityUnited States	56.4	11.7%	3.8×	26	+3.8%
20	Yale UniversityUnited States	56.3	11.7%	4.2×	24	-47.6%
21	University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States	56.1	8.8%	4.0×	37	+1.2%
22	Michigan State UniversityUnited States	55.9	13.6%	7.4×	28	-5.0%
23	University of ViennaAustria	55.6	22.1%	6.3×	17	-10.0%
24	Columbia UniversityUnited States	53.7	12.6%	4.3×	25	-12.1%
25	City University of New YorkUnited States	53.4	4.5%	10.8×	31	+26.4%
26	The University of Texas at AustinUnited States	53.1	15.7%	5.4×	23	-20.3%
27	Aarhus UniversityDenmark	52.9	16.8%	4.3×	20	-23.7%
28	University of California, Los AngelesUnited States	52.3	13.2%	4.2×	25	-13.1%
29	Durham UniversityUnited Kingdom	51.8	14.2%	5.7×	11	+45.2%
30	University of ExeterUnited Kingdom	51.1	15.5%	7.2×	16	-7.4%
31	Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGermany	51.0	13.8%	4.6×	21	-2.4%
32	University of BernSwitzerland	50.8	13.5%	4.7×	14	+25.1%
33	University of California, BerkeleyUnited States	50.6	16.1%	3.5×	18	-23.6%
34	The Ohio State UniversityUnited States	50.3	9.4%	4.6×	29	-13.6%
35	University of OxfordUnited Kingdom	50.2	10.2%	2.8×	21	-24.8%
36	Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyUnited States	50.1	13.8%	4.2×	17	+5.7%
37	University of MichiganUnited States	49.9	8.7%	3.5×	28	-33.3%
38	Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamNetherlands	49.3	13.9%	8.7×	18	-20.9%
39	Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUnited States	49.3	16.5%	2.9×	10	+2.1%
40	Purdue University West LafayetteUnited States	49.2	11.6%	3.3×	17	+14.1%
41	Western UniversityCanada	49.0	9.2%	5.4×	16	+30.4%
42	University of WashingtonUnited States	48.8	20.5%	2.7×	16	-26.3%
43	University of MannheimGermany	48.7	13.4%	35.0×	17	+0.6%
44	University of SussexUnited Kingdom	48.7	13.0%	10.1×	13	+0.1%
45	University of ConnecticutUnited States	48.1	8.9%	6.9×	17	+123.9%
46	Boston CollegeUnited States	47.8	13.7%	14.6×	12	+57.5%
47	Beijing Normal UniversityChina	47.6	9.1%	4.7×	19	+68.2%
48	University of KentUnited Kingdom	46.4	13.2%	17.2×	13	-30.4%
49	Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChina	46.3	14.9%	2.1×	9	+6.2%
50	Chinese University of Hong KongChina	46.2	5.6%	3.5×	13	+17.8%
51	Vanderbilt UniversityUnited States	45.1	22.2%	2.4×	9	+0.1%
52	University of Koblenz and LandauGermany	44.7	21.0%	34.7×	9	-13.3%
53	Florida State UniversityUnited States	44.3	10.1%	10.6×	19	-15.6%
54	Radboud University NijmegenNetherlands	43.8	7.7%	4.7×	15	+33.2%
55	University of ZurichSwitzerland	42.4	10.8%	4.1×	15	-16.5%
56	Royal Holloway University of LondonUnited Kingdom	40.0	10.1%	13.8×	8	+26.1%
57	University of Hong KongChina	38.6	11.5%	1.9×	9	+1.5%
58	KU LeuvenBelgium	34.5	6.8%	3.1×	16	-31.5%
59	University of GenevaSwitzerland	34.2	14.9%	4.6×	10	-17.6%
60	National University of SingaporeSingapore	27.1	10.8%	1.6×	10	-16.7%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Social and Intergroup Psychology, country by country

Is Social and Intergroup Psychology research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 5% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2022.

grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Social and Intergroup Psychology as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.023% in 2024.

Fractional works of Social and Intergroup Psychology over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Discussion

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Which countries lead Social and Intergroup Psychology research?

By volume, 2022-now

How concentrated that is

Which institutions lead Social and Intergroup Psychology research?

By volume, 2022-now

Who are the leading researchers in Social and Intergroup Psychology?

What are the most cited papers in Social and Intergroup Psychology?

Where is Social and Intergroup Psychology research done?

Largest cities, 2022-now

Where it is the local speciality

Where is the best place to study Social and Intergroup Psychology?

Is Social and Intergroup Psychology research growing?

Its share of all research

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Which topics inside it are moving

Related research

Discussion