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Poland vs Taiwan

On research quality in 2022-now, Poland ranks #23 in the world and Taiwan #24, of 189 countries. Poland stands higher in 13 of the 26 fields both publish in, Taiwan in 13.

Research profiles alike: -0.61different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Poland

World rank, 2022-now
#23
#28 all time
Works, 2022-now
250k
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
49%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Linguistics and Language, General Social Sciences, History.

Taiwan

World rank, 2022-now
#24
#24 all time
Works, 2022-now
143k
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.7%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
29%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Bioengineering, Hardware and Architecture, Otorhinolaryngology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Poland leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output and open access. Taiwan leads on 4 of 9 measures: top-10% rate, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Poland 41 level4 Taiwan
  1. #23Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#24
  2. 0.93×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.88×
  3. 250kOutputfractional works, 2022-now143k
  4. 9.2%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited9.7%
  5. 9.2Citations per workall time, per fractional work18.9
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 49%Open accessof its works free to read, all time29%
  8. 13%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time17%
  9. -11%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+8%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Poland stands higher in 13 of 26 fields, Taiwan in 13. Poland leads most in Arts and Humanities (#19 against #33); Taiwan leads most in Decision Sciences (#20 against #30). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Poland 1313 Taiwan
  1. #21Agricultural and Biological Sciences#30
  2. #19Arts and Humanities#33
  3. #25Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#24
  4. #25Business, Management and Accounting#22
  5. #25Chemical Engineering#22
  6. #17Chemistry#23
  7. #23Computer Science#21
  8. #30Decision Sciences#20
  9. #18Dentistry#15
  10. #35Earth and Planetary Sciences#27
  11. #21Economics, Econometrics and Finance#27
  12. #22Energy#26
  13. #25Engineering#26
  14. #28Environmental Science#25
  15. #28Health Professions#25
  16. #30Immunology and Microbiology#25
  17. #17Materials Science#23
  18. #24Mathematics#25
  19. #29Medicine#22
  20. #29Neuroscience#22
  21. #21Nursing#24
  22. #18Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#19
  23. #23Physics and Astronomy#28
  24. #30Psychology#21
  25. #24Social Sciences#33
  26. #16Veterinary-

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Poland rankTaiwan rank Poland top 10%Taiwan top 10% Poland worksTaiwan works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #21 #30 11.8% 10.2% 12k 3.6k
Arts and Humanities #19 #33 9.8% 15.4% 17k 1.4k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #25 #24 9.3% 7.8% 12k 9.2k
Business, Management and Accounting #25 #22 8.7% 13.0% 7.4k 3.6k
Chemical Engineering #25 #22 7.2% 9.1% 905 685
Chemistry #17 #23 9.0% 7.6% 4.5k 2.1k
Computer Science #23 #21 8.1% 9.8% 11k 13k
Decision Sciences #30 #20 8.1% 13.3% 1.7k 1.6k
Dentistry #18 #15 20.1% 13.0% 965 782
Earth and Planetary Sciences #35 #27 7.1% 6.8% 3.3k 1.7k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #21 #27 8.5% 9.6% 6.7k 2.1k
Energy #22 #26 10.1% 9.6% 2.1k 1.7k
Engineering #25 #26 8.3% 8.1% 32k 28k
Environmental Science #28 #25 9.0% 8.0% 12k 5.7k
Health Professions #28 #25 10.4% 13.8% 3.7k 2.6k
Immunology and Microbiology #30 #25 9.9% 8.0% 2.1k 1.8k
Materials Science #17 #23 7.2% 7.4% 8.7k 7k
Mathematics #24 #25 8.1% 12.9% 2.9k 1.5k
Medicine #29 #22 10.5% 10.5% 40k 36k
Neuroscience #29 #22 8.9% 8.3% 3.4k 3k
Nursing #21 #24 12.0% 11.3% 1.3k 657
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #18 #19 12.5% 8.5% 779 492
Physics and Astronomy #23 #28 7.3% 7.4% 5.6k 3.3k
Psychology #30 #21 8.2% 13.4% 7k 4.2k
Social Sciences #24 #33 8.7% 13.7% 50k 6.8k
Veterinary #16 - 10.4% - 359 -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Poland

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization11k▲ 2.1×185 topics
  2. Education10k▲ 2.2×159 topics
  3. Cultural Studies7,244▲ 7.1×45 topics
  4. European Union7,132▲ 12×29 topics
  5. Human Rights6,479▲ 2.3×90 topics
  6. Nationalism6,245▲ 5.0×34 topics
  7. Migration6,012▲ 6.4×35 topics
  8. Ethnography5,863▲ 12×16 topics
  9. Innovation5,612▲ 1.97×90 topics
  10. Literature5,338▲ 3.5×64 topics
  11. Eastern Europe5,308▲ 37×3 topics
  12. Soviet Union5,301▲ 35×3 topics
  13. Pedagogy4,873▲ 3.5×30 topics
  14. Cultural Identity4,864▲ 3.5×40 topics
  15. Cultural Discourse4,864▲ 49×3 topics
  16. Polish history4,844▲ 71×1 topic
  17. Polish minority4,844▲ 71×1 topic
  18. Ethics4,813▲ 3.4×62 topics
  19. Cultural Heritage4,748▲ 3.2×40 topics
  20. Sociolinguistics4,605▲ 9.1×9 topics
  21. Culture4,528▲ 3.1×40 topics
  22. Language4,404▲ 6.4×15 topics
  23. Urban Development4,401▲ 4.5×23 topics
  24. Multilingualism4,107▲ 9.2×6 topics
  25. Lexicography4,106▲ 17×5 topics
  26. Translation4,103▲ 9.0×7 topics
  27. Media Discourse3,674▲ 21×4 topics
  28. Social Sciences3,670▲ 9.2×24 topics
  29. Lifelong Learning3,640▲ 6.4×11 topics
  30. Ethnolinguistics3,637▲ 44×2 topics
  31. Public Administration3,554▲ 16×6 topics
  32. European Union Law3,482▲ 79×2 topics
  33. Youth Development3,383▲ 13×9 topics
  34. Digital Innovations3,236▲ 81×1 topic
  35. National Identity3,110▲ 9.7×11 topics
  36. Social Change3,067▲ 9.0×21 topics
  37. Data Privacy2,893▲ 9.6×4 topics
  38. Historiography2,859▲ 8.5×15 topics
  39. Memory Studies2,850▲ 16×6 topics
  40. Anthropology2,767▲ 11×11 topics

Taiwan

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Deep Learning7,865▲ 1.41×85 topics
  2. Epidemiology7,791▲ 1.21×140 topics
  3. Inflammation5,362▲ 1.56×83 topics
  4. Machine Learning5,144◆ 0.95×97 topics
  5. Neural Networks3,546▲ 1.42×42 topics
  6. Oxidative Stress3,466▲ 1.30×63 topics
  7. Cancer3,041▲ 1.40×59 topics
  8. Cardiovascular Disease2,938▲ 1.59×39 topics
  9. Nanomaterials2,863▲ 1.69×21 topics
  10. Quality of Life2,852▲ 1.22×59 topics
  11. Biomedical Applications2,838▲ 1.48×36 topics
  12. Climate Change2,619▼ 0.60×126 topics
  13. Treatment2,563▲ 1.30×52 topics
  14. Nanoparticles2,557▲ 1.25×44 topics
  15. Graphene2,017▲ 1.85×12 topics
  16. Chemotherapy1,962▲ 1.71×25 topics
  17. Diagnosis1,924▲ 1.28×41 topics
  18. Convolutional Neural Networks1,880▲ 1.60×14 topics
  19. Metabolic Syndrome1,835▲ 1.40×24 topics
  20. Risk Factors1,826◆ 1.03×37 topics
  21. Nanocomposites1,805▲ 1.41×22 topics
  22. Energy Efficiency1,738▲ 1.16×44 topics
  23. Management1,711▲ 1.32×39 topics
  24. Biomarkers1,678▲ 1.49×18 topics
  25. Biosensors1,644▲ 2.1×12 topics
  26. Tissue Engineering1,615▲ 1.65×13 topics
  27. Energy Storage1,546▲ 1.47×12 topics
  28. Mortality1,483▲ 1.61×13 topics
  29. Immunotherapy1,478▲ 1.26×19 topics
  30. Aging1,473▲ 1.67×19 topics
  31. Semiconductors1,435▲ 3.0×6 topics
  32. Nanostructures1,432▲ 2.2×17 topics
  33. Immune Response1,407▲ 1.53×23 topics
  34. Clinical Practice Guidelines1,381▲ 1.55×14 topics
  35. Semiconductor1,171▲ 2.2×7 topics
  36. Thermal Management1,093▲ 2.1×8 topics
  37. Thin Films959▲ 3.1×10 topics
  38. Field-Effect Transistors920▲ 3.6×4 topics
  39. Solar Cells919▲ 2.8×7 topics
  40. Nanowires874▲ 3.8×5 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Poland has out-published Taiwan every year since 2007, when it overtook it.

still counting50k100kPoland64k in 2025Taiwan38k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting1.0%2.0%3.0%Poland1.1% in 2025Taiwan0.65% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Taiwan10.0% in 2025Poland9.2% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Poland 03 level2 Taiwan
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 1In the top 5002
  4. 5In the top 1,0005
  5. #29Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#27

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Poland or Taiwan?

Poland publishes 1.7× as much research as Taiwan in 2022-now (250k against 143k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Poland or Taiwan?

9.7% of Taiwan's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 9.2% for Poland.

Is Poland or Taiwan growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +8% against 2018-21 for Taiwan, and -11% for Poland.

Which has more open access research, Poland or Taiwan?

49% of Poland's research is free to read, against 29% of Taiwan's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Poland or Taiwan?

Poland holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Taiwan 0; in the top 1,000 it is 5 against 5.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Poland

  1. 1Polish Academy of Sciences9.4% top 10% · 21k works
  2. 2Jagiellonian University8.7% top 10% · 14k works
  3. 3University of Warsaw8.8% top 10% · 11k works
  4. 4AGH University of Krakow9.1% top 10% · 8k works
  5. 5University of Wrocław7.6% top 10% · 4.2k works
  6. 6Wrocław University of Science and Technology8.6% top 10% · 3.4k works

Taiwan

  1. 1National Taiwan University9.0% top 10% · 14k works
  2. 2Academia Sinica9.7% top 10% · 4.1k works
  3. 3National Cheng Kung University9.1% top 10% · 8.4k works
  4. 4National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University9.3% top 10% · 8.4k works
  5. 5National Tsing Hua University9.3% top 10% · 5k works
  6. 6National Sun Yat-sen University9.4% top 10% · 3.2k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Poland

  1. 1 P. Jaranowski #637 worldwide 94k citations · 375 works
  2. 2 T. Kunigo #1,235 worldwide 24k citations · 283 works
  3. 3 N. Haddad #1,253 worldwide 21k citations · 240 works
  4. 4 O. Arslan #1,266 worldwide 42k citations · 484 works
  5. 5 M. Lisovyi #1,357 worldwide 65k citations · 863 works

Taiwan

  1. 1 Gwo‐Jen Hwang #196 worldwide 39k citations · 649 works
  2. 2 Ming‐Lang Tseng #3,104 worldwide 30k citations · 538 works
  3. 3 Sung‐Fu Hung #3,573 worldwide 30k citations · 198 works
  4. 4 Jien‐Wei Yeh #3,654 worldwide 43k citations · 279 works
  5. 5 Chin‐Chung Tsai #5,063 worldwide 38k citations · 549 works

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