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Finland vs Poland

On research quality in 2022-now, Finland ranks #22 in the world and Poland #23, of 189 countries. Finland stands higher in 19 of the 26 fields both publish in, Poland in 7.

Research profiles alike: 0.09different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Finland

World rank, 2022-now
#22
#22 all time
Works, 2022-now
70k
fractional
Top-10% rate
12.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
43%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Public Administration, Research and Theory, Music.

Poland

World rank, 2022-now
#23
#28 all time
Works, 2022-now
250k
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
49%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Linguistics and Language, General Social Sciences, History.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Finland leads on 6 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Poland leads on 2 of 9 measures: output and open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Finland 61 level2 Poland
  1. #22Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#23
  2. 1.21×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.93×
  3. 70kOutputfractional works, 2022-now250k
  4. 12.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited9.2%
  5. 27.6Citations per workall time, per fractional work9.2
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 43%Open accessof its works free to read, all time49%
  8. 26%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time13%
  9. +2%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change-11%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Finland stands higher in 19 of 26 fields, Poland in 7. Finland leads most in Earth and Planetary Sciences (#22 against #35); Poland leads most in Chemistry (#17 against #26). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Finland 197 Poland
  1. #22Agricultural and Biological Sciences#21
  2. #18Arts and Humanities#19
  3. #20Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#25
  4. #16Business, Management and Accounting#25
  5. #24Chemical Engineering#25
  6. #26Chemistry#17
  7. #20Computer Science#23
  8. #19Decision Sciences#30
  9. #23Dentistry#18
  10. #22Earth and Planetary Sciences#35
  11. #24Economics, Econometrics and Finance#21
  12. #19Energy#22
  13. #19Engineering#25
  14. #22Environmental Science#28
  15. #21Health Professions#28
  16. #20Immunology and Microbiology#30
  17. #19Materials Science#17
  18. #22Mathematics#24
  19. #21Medicine#29
  20. #21Neuroscience#29
  21. #17Nursing#21
  22. -Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#18
  23. #22Physics and Astronomy#23
  24. #16Psychology#30
  25. #17Social Sciences#24
  26. -Veterinary#16

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Finland rankPoland rank Finland top 10%Poland top 10% Finland worksPoland works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #22 #21 14.0% 11.8% 2.1k 12k
Arts and Humanities #18 #19 15.0% 9.8% 3k 17k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #20 #25 11.5% 9.3% 3.2k 12k
Business, Management and Accounting #16 #25 17.1% 8.7% 2.8k 7.4k
Chemical Engineering #24 #25 8.9% 7.2% 209 905
Chemistry #26 #17 9.6% 9.0% 667 4.5k
Computer Science #20 #23 13.0% 8.1% 5.5k 11k
Decision Sciences #19 #30 14.4% 8.1% 813 1.7k
Dentistry #23 #18 13.2% 20.1% 373 965
Earth and Planetary Sciences #22 #35 11.2% 7.1% 1.1k 3.3k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #24 #21 12.2% 8.5% 1.2k 6.7k
Energy #19 #22 12.9% 10.1% 475 2.1k
Engineering #19 #25 11.6% 8.3% 9.1k 32k
Environmental Science #22 #28 12.4% 9.0% 4.3k 12k
Health Professions #21 #28 11.6% 10.4% 2.3k 3.7k
Immunology and Microbiology #20 #30 11.7% 9.9% 473 2.1k
Materials Science #19 #17 10.3% 7.2% 1.7k 8.7k
Mathematics #22 #24 12.8% 8.1% 735 2.9k
Medicine #21 #29 13.5% 10.5% 11k 40k
Neuroscience #21 #29 11.6% 8.9% 1.2k 3.4k
Nursing #17 #21 13.8% 12.0% 299 1.3k
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - #18 - 12.5% - 779
Physics and Astronomy #22 #23 10.9% 7.3% 1.6k 5.6k
Psychology #16 #30 13.8% 8.2% 3.5k 7k
Social Sciences #17 #24 13.4% 8.7% 13k 50k
Veterinary - #16 - 10.4% - 359

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Finland

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education3,577▲ 2.6×146 topics
  2. Healthcare3,177▲ 3.5×41 topics
  3. Ethics3,174▲ 7.8×57 topics
  4. Climate Change3,133▲ 1.44×128 topics
  5. Qualitative Research2,935▲ 4.3×42 topics
  6. Pedagogy2,767▲ 6.9×30 topics
  7. Communication2,716▲ 11×23 topics
  8. Epidemiology2,620▼ 0.82×140 topics
  9. Social Sciences2,571▲ 22×19 topics
  10. Phenomenology2,562▲ 30×5 topics
  11. Sustainability2,451▲ 1.25×130 topics
  12. Family Dynamics2,440▲ 24×8 topics
  13. Work Environment2,421▲ 171×2 topics
  14. Machine Learning2,389◆ 0.90×94 topics
  15. Deep Learning2,063▼ 0.75×84 topics
  16. Globalization1,975▲ 1.25×175 topics
  17. Mental Health1,474▲ 1.29×47 topics
  18. Inflammation1,451▼ 0.85×83 topics
  19. Public Health1,335◆ 1.14×74 topics
  20. Environmental Impact1,291◆ 0.94×70 topics
  21. Cardiovascular Disease1,212▲ 1.33×39 topics
  22. Renewable Energy1,211◆ 1.04×59 topics
  23. Social Media1,105◆ 1.00×41 topics
  24. Quality of Life1,084◆ 0.94×61 topics
  25. Big Data1,031▲ 1.35×36 topics
  26. Artificial Intelligence1,017◆ 0.89×63 topics
  27. Energy Efficiency881▲ 1.19×45 topics
  28. Remote Sensing880◆ 0.90×42 topics
  29. Innovation865◆ 1.05×84 topics
  30. Depression810◆ 1.15×25 topics
  31. Biodiversity752▲ 1.23×38 topics
  32. Identity708▲ 1.22×75 topics
  33. Health Effects691▲ 1.42×24 topics
  34. Social Capital686▲ 1.65×21 topics
  35. Well-being637▲ 2.0×14 topics
  36. Social Interaction628▲ 2.0×11 topics
  37. Biodiversity Conservation609▲ 2.0×22 topics
  38. Physical Activity603▲ 1.55×13 topics
  39. Neoliberalism593▲ 2.1×29 topics
  40. Participatory Design281▲ 6.6×2 topics

Poland

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization11k▲ 2.1×185 topics
  2. Education10k▲ 2.2×159 topics
  3. Cultural Studies7,244▲ 7.1×45 topics
  4. European Union7,132▲ 12×29 topics
  5. Human Rights6,479▲ 2.3×90 topics
  6. Nationalism6,245▲ 5.0×34 topics
  7. Migration6,012▲ 6.4×35 topics
  8. Ethnography5,863▲ 12×16 topics
  9. Innovation5,612▲ 1.97×90 topics
  10. Literature5,338▲ 3.5×64 topics
  11. Eastern Europe5,308▲ 37×3 topics
  12. Soviet Union5,301▲ 35×3 topics
  13. Pedagogy4,873▲ 3.5×30 topics
  14. Cultural Identity4,864▲ 3.5×40 topics
  15. Cultural Discourse4,864▲ 49×3 topics
  16. Polish history4,844▲ 71×1 topic
  17. Polish minority4,844▲ 71×1 topic
  18. Ethics4,813▲ 3.4×62 topics
  19. Cultural Heritage4,748▲ 3.2×40 topics
  20. Sociolinguistics4,605▲ 9.1×9 topics
  21. Culture4,528▲ 3.1×40 topics
  22. Language4,404▲ 6.4×15 topics
  23. Urban Development4,401▲ 4.5×23 topics
  24. Multilingualism4,107▲ 9.2×6 topics
  25. Lexicography4,106▲ 17×5 topics
  26. Translation4,103▲ 9.0×7 topics
  27. Media Discourse3,674▲ 21×4 topics
  28. Social Sciences3,670▲ 9.2×24 topics
  29. Lifelong Learning3,640▲ 6.4×11 topics
  30. Ethnolinguistics3,637▲ 44×2 topics
  31. Public Administration3,554▲ 16×6 topics
  32. European Union Law3,482▲ 79×2 topics
  33. Youth Development3,383▲ 13×9 topics
  34. Digital Innovations3,236▲ 81×1 topic
  35. National Identity3,110▲ 9.7×11 topics
  36. Social Change3,067▲ 9.0×21 topics
  37. Data Privacy2,893▲ 9.6×4 topics
  38. Historiography2,859▲ 8.5×15 topics
  39. Memory Studies2,850▲ 16×6 topics
  40. Anthropology2,767▲ 11×11 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Poland has out-published Finland every year since 1980.

still counting50k100kPoland64k in 2025Finland19k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting1.0%2.0%3.0%Poland1.1% in 2025Finland0.32% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Finland11.8% in 2025Poland9.2% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Finland 32 level0 Poland
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 5In the top 5001
  4. 8In the top 1,0005
  5. #22Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#29

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Finland or Poland?

Poland publishes 3.5× as much research as Finland in 2022-now (250k against 70k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Finland or Poland?

12.9% of Finland's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 9.2% for Poland.

Is Finland or Poland growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +2% against 2018-21 for Finland, and -11% for Poland.

Which has more open access research, Finland or Poland?

49% of Poland's research is free to read, against 43% of Finland's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Finland or Poland?

Finland holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Poland 0; in the top 1,000 it is 8 against 5.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Finland

  1. 1University of Helsinki13.2% top 10% · 15k works
  2. 2Aalto University13.6% top 10% · 6.2k works
  3. 3University of Oulu14.8% top 10% · 5.7k works
  4. 4University of Turku12.1% top 10% · 6.9k works
  5. 5Tampere University12.8% top 10% · 6.4k works
  6. 6University of Jyväskylä13.9% top 10% · 3.7k works

Poland

  1. 1Polish Academy of Sciences9.4% top 10% · 21k works
  2. 2Jagiellonian University8.7% top 10% · 14k works
  3. 3University of Warsaw8.8% top 10% · 11k works
  4. 4AGH University of Krakow9.1% top 10% · 8k works
  5. 5University of Wrocław7.6% top 10% · 4.2k works
  6. 6Wrocław University of Science and Technology8.6% top 10% · 3.4k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Finland

  1. 1 M. Linden-Vørnle #1,674 worldwide 57k citations · 184 works
  2. 2 Tuomo J Meretoja #1,759 worldwide 178k citations · 247 works
  3. 3 A.-S. Suur-Uski #2,517 worldwide 77k citations · 200 works
  4. 4 Atte Meretoja #3,853 worldwide 208k citations · 270 works
  5. 5 Samuli Ripatti #3,897 worldwide 92k citations · 730 works

Poland

  1. 1 P. Jaranowski #637 worldwide 94k citations · 375 works
  2. 2 T. Kunigo #1,235 worldwide 24k citations · 283 works
  3. 3 N. Haddad #1,253 worldwide 21k citations · 240 works
  4. 4 O. Arslan #1,266 worldwide 42k citations · 484 works
  5. 5 M. Lisovyi #1,357 worldwide 65k citations · 863 works

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