Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Discussion
Subfield · Neuroscience

Endocrine and Autonomic Systems research

Endocrine and Autonomic Systems is a subfield of Neuroscience. Science Explorer counts 147k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

In short: medical specialty.

Research works
147k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
15k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Topics
3
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+1%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
37% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Endocrine and Autonomic Systems

What is Endocrine and Autonomic Systems research about, and what is growing?

By the world's output in 2021-25, its most used keywords are Neural Circuits, Circadian Clock, Melatonin, Central Chemoreception, Respiratory Rhythm, Ghrelin. Gaining share since 2011-15: Circadian Clock, Melatonin. Losing share: Ghrelin, Leptin, Neural Circuits.

▲ gaining share of this field◆ holding its share▼ losing share

Size is the world's fractional works in 2021-25 in the topics tagged with each word; colour compares the word's share of this field with 2011-15. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 7 words, with their numbers
  1. Neural Circuits14k▼ 0.85×2 topics
  2. Circadian Clock9,766▲ 1.33×1 topic
  3. Melatonin9,766▲ 1.33×1 topic
  4. Central Chemoreception8,758◆ 0.96×1 topic
  5. Respiratory Rhythm8,758◆ 0.96×1 topic
  6. Ghrelin5,044▼ 0.71×1 topic
  7. Leptin5,044▼ 0.71×1 topic

Which countries lead Endocrine and Autonomic Systems research?

On research quality in 2022-now, the United States, China and Germany rank highest in Endocrine and Autonomic Systems. By volume, the United States and China publish the most (5.2k and 3.2k works in 2022-now).

By research quality, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States #1 all time 1.08× citation excellence · 1.69× journals · 100% breadth 11.4% top 10% · 4.5k works
  2. 2 China #4 all time 1.24× citation excellence · 0.90× journals · 100% breadth 13.8% top 10% · 2.7k works
  3. 3 Germany #3 all time 1.34× citation excellence · 1.55× journals · 100% breadth 10.6% top 10% · 742 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom #2 all time 1.27× citation excellence · 1.56× journals · 100% breadth 12.1% top 10% · 656 works
  5. 5 France #6 all time 1.29× citation excellence · 1.50× journals · 100% breadth 11.4% top 10% · 518 works
  6. 6 Canada #7 all time 1.12× citation excellence · 1.40× journals · 100% breadth 11.1% top 10% · 522 works
  7. 7 Australia #8 all time 1.12× citation excellence · 1.13× journals · 100% breadth 11.3% top 10% · 435 works
  8. 8 Netherlands #9 all time 1.32× citation excellence · 1.19× journals · 100% breadth 12.4% top 10% · 226 works
  9. 9 Spain #10 all time 1.13× citation excellence · 0.77× journals · 100% breadth 11.0% top 10% · 479 works
  10. 10 Italy #15 all time 1.36× citation excellence · 0.53× journals · 100% breadth 13.9% top 10% · 514 works

The track on each row is that row's top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each place's own topics predict, adds its share of papers in the Nature Index journals, and counts output and breadth too.

Of 18 countries ranked in Endocrine and Autonomic Systems. Ranked on the quality score for 2022-now; the bracket is the all-time rank.

All countries ranked in Endocrine and Autonomic Systems

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 5.2k works
  2. 2 China 3.2k works
  3. 3 Japan 944 works
  4. 4 Germany 850 works
  5. 5 India 830 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 759 works
  7. 7 France 597 works
  8. 8 Italy 591 works
  9. 9 Canada 590 works
  10. 10 Spain 539 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 37.1%China: 22.5%Japan: 6.7%Germany: 6.0%6 others listed: 27.7%37%largest
United States5,236 · 37.1%China3,178 · 22.5%Japan944 · 6.7%Germany850 · 6.0%6 others listed3,906 · 27.7%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Endocrine and Autonomic Systems research?

Harvard University (United States) ranks first in Endocrine and Autonomic Systems on research quality in 2022-now, followed by National Institutes of Health and Stanford University.

By research quality, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard University United States · Cambridge · #1 all time 18.8% top 10% · 212 works
  2. 2 National Institutes of Health United States · Bethesda · #3 all time 17.7% top 10% · 68 works
  3. 3 Stanford University United States · Stanford · #4 all time 13.6% top 10% · 65 works
  4. 4 Chinese Academy of Sciences China · Beijing · #24 all time 19.0% top 10% · 65 works
  5. 5 Inserm France · Paris · #18 all time 13.3% top 10% · 104 works
  6. 6 University of Michigan United States · Ann Arbor · #8 all time 12.9% top 10% · 72 works
  7. 7 Johns Hopkins University United States · Baltimore · #7 all time 12.2% top 10% · 69 works
  8. 8 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique France · Paris · #26 all time 11.1% top 10% · 111 works
  9. 9 University of Toronto Canada · Toronto · #21 all time 12.5% top 10% · 74 works
  10. 10 University of Florida United States · Gainesville 11.2% top 10% · 75 works

The track on each row is that row's top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each place's own topics predict, adds its share of papers in the Nature Index journals, and counts output and breadth too.

Of 12 institutions above the floor of 40 fractional works in Endocrine and Autonomic Systems.

Top 100 Endocrine and Autonomic Systems institutions

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 236 works
  2. 2 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 147 works
  3. 3 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 128 works
  4. 4 InsermFrance 119 works
  5. 5 Universidade de São PauloBrazil 92 works
  6. 6 University of FloridaUnited States 84 works
  7. 7 University of TorontoCanada 84 works
  8. 8 University of MichiganUnited States 82 works
  9. 9 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 76 works
  10. 10 National Institutes of HealthUnited States 76 works

Who are the leading researchers in Endocrine and Autonomic Systems?

Counting only their work in Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Joseph S. Takahashi, Russel Joseph Reiter and Clifford B. Saper have the most papers in the world top 10% for their subfield and year beyond the 10% expected.

  1. 1 Joseph S. Takahashi United States · #9,157 worldwide overall 54.7 of 110 papers here in the top 10%
  2. 2 Russel Joseph Reiter United States · #393,887 worldwide overall 136.1 of 449 papers here in the top 10%
  3. 3 Clifford B. Saper United States · #9,061 worldwide overall 39.5 of 75 papers here in the top 10%
  4. 4 Charles Andrew Czeisler United States · #7,402 worldwide overall 39.8 of 86 papers here in the top 10%
  5. 5 Susan S Redline United States · #6,716 worldwide overall 40.5 of 102 papers here in the top 10%
  6. 6 Joel K. Elmquist United States · #4,227 worldwide overall 36.2 of 75 papers here in the top 10%
  7. 7 Michael W. Schwartz United States · #11,170 worldwide overall 36.0 of 83 papers here in the top 10%
  8. 8 Bradford B. Lowell United States · #481 worldwide overall 28.8 of 40 papers here in the top 10%
  9. 9 Satchidananda Panda United States · #9,282 worldwide overall 29.5 of 56 papers here in the top 10%
  10. 10 Derk‐Jan Dijk United Kingdom · #51,654 worldwide overall 32.2 of 87 papers here in the top 10%

Ranked on their work in Endocrine and Autonomic Systems alone: how many more of their papers here reached the world top 10% for their subfield and year than the 10% expected, among 574,424 ranked researchers with a paper here. Each paper counts once, so many strong papers outrank one famous one, and a long record of ordinary papers does not climb. Identities come from OpenAlex author disambiguation, which occasionally merges or splits people.

Top 100 Endocrine and Autonomic Systems researchers

What are the most cited papers in Endocrine and Autonomic Systems?

The most cited paper in Endocrine and Autonomic Systems is "Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids" (Laura C. Green, David A. Wagner, Joseph A. Glogowski et al., 1982), with 12,147 citations. Next come "The Occurrence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing among Middle-Aged Adults" (10,268) and "Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach" (8,535).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids Laura C. Green, David A. Wagner, Joseph A. Glogowski et al. · Analytical Biochemistry Oct 1982 12,147
2 The Occurrence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing among Middle-Aged Adults Terry B Young, Mari Palta, Jerome A. Dempsey et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 29 Apr 1993 10,268
3 Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach Masayasu Kojima, Hiroshi Hosoda, Yukari Date et al. · Nature Dec 1999 8,535
4 The L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway Franklin H. Epstein, Salvador Moncada, Annie Higgs · New England Journal of Medicine 30 Dec 1993 6,737
5 Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators Bruce S. McEwen · New England Journal of Medicine 15 Jan 1998 6,716
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Endocrine and Autonomic Systems research done?

The largest centres of Endocrine and Autonomic Systems research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Paris (France), Shanghai (China) and Tokyo (Japan).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 464 works
  2. 2 ParisFrance 264 works
  3. 3 ShanghaiChina 264 works
  4. 4 TokyoJapan 241 works
  5. 5 LondonUnited Kingdom 213 works
  6. 6 GuangzhouChina 201 works
  7. 7 New YorkUnited States 199 works
  8. 8 São PauloBrazil 187 works
  9. 9 BostonUnited States 184 works
  10. 10 SeoulSouth Korea 181 works
See Endocrine and Autonomic Systems on the map

Endocrine and Autonomic Systems research by country

The best places for Endocrine and Autonomic Systems research inside each country, with that country's researchers and world standing.

Where is the best place to study Endocrine and Autonomic Systems?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Stanford University and Johns Hopkins University score highest, combining standing in the field's ranking, citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 14.81%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Harvard UniversityStanford UniversityUniversity of MichiganJohns Hopkins Univer…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Standingthis field's institution ranking, three quarters all time and a quarter 2022-now
50%
Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
20%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
5%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
15%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
5%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
5%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreRank in field (all time)Top 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 91.6#1 (#1)18.4%4.1×236 +2.4%
2Stanford UniversityUnited States 67.7#3 (#4)13.3%2.7×73 +24.7%
3Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 55.2#7 (#7)12.1%2.7×75 -5.1%
4University of MichiganUnited States 53.5#6 (#8)12.5%3.0×82 -12.6%
5Washington University in St. LouisUnited States 52.9- (#14)18.1%3.7×48 +16.3%
6University of PennsylvaniaUnited States 52.4- (#5)15.5%3.0×57 -36.7%
7Yale UniversityUnited States 50.6- (#6)13.9%2.0×39 -15.5%
8University of California San DiegoUnited States 48.9- (#11)15.4%3.5×61 -16.0%
9University of California, San FranciscoUnited States 48.4- (#9)11.4%3.0×38 -9.1%
10University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 48.3- (#10)17.5%1.6×34 -17.1%

Universities only. The score blends standing (50%), citation excellence (20%), size (15%), specialisation (5%), growth (5%), international reach (5%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise. Standing is the score in this field's institution ranking, three quarters over all time and a quarter 2022-now; excellence averages the two windows too. Four years alone undercount fields such as AI, where many conference and arXiv papers from 2022 on carry no affiliation in the data.

Every institution in Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, country by country

Is Endocrine and Autonomic Systems research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 1% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Circadian rhythm and melatonin.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Endocrine and Autonomic Systems as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.080% in 2024.

still counting0.10%0.20%0.30%Endocrine and Autonomic Systems0.084% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Endocrine and Autonomic Systems over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Endocrine and Autonomic Systems10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

  1. Circadian rhythm and melatonin+12%
  2. Neuroscience of respiration and sleep-2%
  3. Regulation of Appetite and Obesity-11%
← shrinkingno changegrowing →

Growth in output from 2018-21 to 2022-25. Every topic is a page of its own.

What does Endocrine and Autonomic Systems include?

Share who leads Endocrine and Autonomic Systems

Who leads Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, on Science Explorer

A card with the countries and institutions that lead Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, for a post or a slide.

Download the card

1200 × 630 PNG, sized for social posts, drawn from the latest snapshot.

The leading institutions' badges6Each links to that institution's page and updates with every snapshot

Discussion

Ask a question or share a note about Endocrine and Autonomic Systems. Keep it to the research: no personal attacks, advertising or links. Any reader can report a post, which collapses it for everyone until it is opened.