Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Discussion
Topic · Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

Language, Metaphor, and Cognition

Language, Metaphor, and Cognition is a research topic within Experimental and Cognitive Psychology. Science Explorer counts 50k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the metaphorical representation of time in language and cognition, investigating the influence of language on conceptualizations of time, the role of embodiment and spatial metaphors in understanding time, and the neural basis of understanding metaphoric expressions related to time. It also delves into cross-cultural differences in mental representations of time and the impact of metaphor on reasoning and communication.

  • Metaphor
  • Time
  • Language
  • Cognition
  • Embodiment
  • Spatial Metaphors
  • Conceptual Blending
  • Cognitive Science
  • Cross-Cultural Comparison
  • Neural Basis
Research works
50k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
5k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+7%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
26% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Language, Metaphor, and Cognition

Which countries lead Language, Metaphor, and Cognition research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (1.4k and 1.1k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 1.4k works
  2. 2 United States 1.1k works
  3. 3 United Kingdom 552 works
  4. 4 Russia 493 works
  5. 5 Germany 424 works
  6. 6 Indonesia 389 works
  7. 7 Spain 340 works
  8. 8 France 317 works
  9. 9 Italy 273 works
  10. 10 Ukraine 247 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 25.8%United States: 20.0%United Kingdom: 9.8%Russia: 8.8%6 others listed: 35.5%26%largest
China1,449 · 25.8%United States1,120 · 20.0%United Kingdom552 · 9.8%Russia493 · 8.8%6 others listed1,991 · 35.5%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Language, Metaphor, and Cognition research?

By volume in 2022-now, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique publishes the most Language, Metaphor, and Cognition research, followed by Guangdong University of Foreign Studies and Uzbek State University of World Languages.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 105 works
  2. 2 Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesChina 48 works
  3. 3 Uzbek State University of World LanguagesUzbekistan 40 works
  4. 4 Peking UniversityChina 39 works
  5. 5 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 37 works
  6. 6 Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChina 35 works
  7. 7 Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoland 33 works
  8. 8 Radboud University NijmegenNetherlands 32 works
  9. 9 Lancaster UniversityUnited Kingdom 31 works
  10. 10 University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 30 works

Who are the leading researchers in Language, Metaphor, and Cognition?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Language, Metaphor, and Cognition include Karl John Friston, Michel Foucault and Trevor J. Darrell.

  1. 1 Karl John Friston United Kingdom 310k citations
  2. 2 Michel Foucault France 208k citations
  3. 3 Trevor J. Darrell United States 206k citations
  4. 4 Bruce Leonard Miller United States 196k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Language, Metaphor, and Cognition?

The most cited paper in Language, Metaphor, and Cognition is "An argument for basic emotions" (Paul Ekman, 1992), with 9,629 citations. Next come "One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis?" (9,387) and "Relevance: Communication and Cognition" (6,071).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 An argument for basic emotions Paul Ekman · Cognition & Emotion May 1992 9,629
2 One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Virginia Braun, Victoria Clarke · Qualitative Research in Psychology Open access 12 Aug 2020 9,387
3 Relevance: Communication and Cognition Dan Sperber, Deirdre Wilson 6 Mar 1986 6,071
4 Grounded Cognition Lawrence W. Barsalou · Annual Review of Psychology Review 17 Aug 2007 5,703
5 Basic objects in natural categories Eleanor H. Rosch, Carolyn B. Mervis, Wayne D. Gray et al. · Cognitive Psychology Jul 1976 5,578
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Language, Metaphor, and Cognition research done?

The largest centres of Language, Metaphor, and Cognition research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Moscow (Russia), Shanghai (China) and Paris (France).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 248 works
  2. 2 MoscowRussia 187 works
  3. 3 ShanghaiChina 122 works
  4. 4 ParisFrance 108 works
  5. 5 GuangzhouChina 106 works
  6. 6 LondonUnited Kingdom 102 works
  7. 7 KyivUkraine 93 works
  8. 8 TashkentUzbekistan 85 works
  9. 9 TokyoJapan 77 works
  10. 10 Hong KongChina 76 works
See Language, Metaphor, and Cognition on the map

Where is the best place to study Language, Metaphor, and Cognition?

Among universities, judged by research, Lancaster University, Radboud University Nijmegen and University of Potsdam score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 25.78%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of PotsdamRadboud University N…University of MacauLancaster University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Lancaster UniversityUnited Kingdom 75.324.5%13.6×31 +13.3%
2Radboud University NijmegenNetherlands 70.629.8%6.2×32 -18.8%
3University of PotsdamGermany 69.732.7%8.2×17 +13.0%
4University of MacauChina 64.125.0%5.5×15 +84.1%
5University of JordanJordan 63.621.9%9.6×22 +45.1%
6Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChina 62.322.5%4.7×35 -13.0%
7University College LondonUnited Kingdom 61.920.8%2.2×30 -13.8%
8Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 61.835.7%2.2×15 +29.3%
9University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 61.415.0%2.5×30 +56.3%
10City University of Hong KongChina 59.629.9%2.7×14 +53.2%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Language, Metaphor, and Cognition, country by country

Is Language, Metaphor, and Cognition research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 7% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2023. The fastest-growing topics are Language, Metaphor, and Cognition.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Language, Metaphor, and Cognition as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.041% in 2024.

still counting0.025%0.050%0.075%Language, Metaphor, and Cognition0.040% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Language, Metaphor, and Cognition over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Language, Metaphor, and Cognition10.4% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Discussion

Ask a question or share a note about Language, Metaphor, and Cognition. Posts are plain text and can be reported.