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Ethiopia vs Sudan

On research quality in 2022-now, Ethiopia ranks #51 in the world and Sudan #110, of 189 countries. Ethiopia stands higher in 21 of the 21 fields both publish in, Sudan in 0.

Research profiles alike: 0.76very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Ethiopia

World rank, 2022-now
#51
#51 all time
Works, 2022-now
43k
fractional
Top-10% rate
13.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
80%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Agronomy and Crop Science, Soil Science, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Sudan

World rank, 2022-now
#110
#114 all time
Works, 2022-now
7.7k
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
65%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Microbiology, Forestry, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Ethiopia leads on 7 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work, open access and growth. Sudan leads on 1 of 9 measures: international co-authorship. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Ethiopia 71 level1 Sudan
  1. #51Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#110
  2. 1.24×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.69×
  3. 43kOutputfractional works, 2022-now7.7k
  4. 13.1%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited7.1%
  5. 13.5Citations per workall time, per fractional work9.3
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 80%Open accessof its works free to read, all time65%
  8. 25%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time40%
  9. +36%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+22%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Ethiopia stands higher in 21 of 21 fields, Sudan in 0. Ethiopia leads most in Agricultural and Biological Sciences (#40 against #106). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Ethiopia 210 Sudan
  1. #40Agricultural and Biological Sciences#106
  2. #89Arts and Humanities-
  3. #45Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#76
  4. #66Business, Management and Accounting-
  5. #55Chemistry-
  6. #76Computer Science#99
  7. #63Decision Sciences-
  8. #55Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  9. #60Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
  10. #59Energy-
  11. #60Engineering#89
  12. #60Environmental Science#104
  13. #36Health Professions#79
  14. #37Immunology and Microbiology-
  15. #55Materials Science-
  16. #64Mathematics-
  17. #39Medicine#116
  18. #29Nursing-
  19. #71Physics and Astronomy-
  20. #56Psychology-
  21. #63Social Sciences#127

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Ethiopia rankSudan rank Ethiopia top 10%Sudan top 10% Ethiopia worksSudan works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #40 #106 12.1% 5.4% 7.3k 782
Arts and Humanities #89 - 14.1% - 357 -
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #45 #76 11.3% 7.5% 1.6k 374
Business, Management and Accounting #66 - 16.5% - 999 -
Chemistry #55 - 13.0% - 373 -
Computer Science #76 #99 13.1% 7.8% 1.3k 446
Decision Sciences #63 - 9.8% - 280 -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #55 - 12.8% - 336 -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #60 - 14.7% - 916 -
Energy #59 - 9.9% - 292 -
Engineering #60 #89 11.6% 9.2% 3.4k 686
Environmental Science #60 #104 10.8% 6.3% 4.2k 315
Health Professions #36 #79 20.6% 10.5% 1.7k 274
Immunology and Microbiology #37 - 12.3% - 842 -
Materials Science #55 - 12.7% - 960 -
Mathematics #64 - 12.8% - 452 -
Medicine #39 #116 13.2% 5.4% 11k 2.2k
Nursing #29 - 15.0% - 1.2k -
Physics and Astronomy #71 - 4.4% - 280 -
Psychology #56 - 13.8% - 975 -
Social Sciences #63 #127 15.6% 8.0% 3.7k 1k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Ethiopia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology3,660▲ 1.85×137 topics
  2. Climate Change3,512▲ 2.6×115 topics
  3. Sustainability2,509▲ 2.1×109 topics
  4. Maternal Mortality1,469▲ 13×5 topics
  5. Sustainable Agriculture1,335▲ 8.7×17 topics
  6. Public Health1,292▲ 1.79×65 topics
  7. Child Development1,276▲ 6.3×8 topics
  8. Environmental Impact1,216▲ 1.44×69 topics
  9. Health Inequalities1,210▲ 20×5 topics
  10. Adaptation1,145▲ 7.7×14 topics
  11. Community Health Workers1,145▲ 26×2 topics
  12. Socio-economic Factors1,109▲ 20×3 topics
  13. Child Mortality1,108▲ 31×1 topic
  14. Health Systems1,108▲ 31×1 topic
  15. Genetic Diversity1,032▲ 4.8×22 topics
  16. Remote Sensing1,030▲ 1.70×39 topics
  17. Global Burden of Disease1,015▲ 8.3×4 topics
  18. Smallholder Farmers1,014▲ 9.7×6 topics
  19. Cardiovascular Disease996▲ 1.76×39 topics
  20. Land Use Change973▲ 6.6×8 topics
  21. Maternal and Child Undernutrition939▲ 23×1 topic
  22. Water Sanitation Hygiene939▲ 23×1 topic
  23. Biodiversity Conservation850▲ 4.6×17 topics
  24. Food Security826▲ 3.1×23 topics
  25. Global Burden812▲ 3.0×12 topics
  26. Drought Tolerance749▲ 11×9 topics
  27. Vaccine728▲ 3.7×11 topics
  28. Livelihoods703▲ 41×2 topics
  29. Social Networks690▲ 5.1×12 topics
  30. Rural Development682▲ 4.0×17 topics
  31. Drug Resistance655▲ 4.6×9 topics
  32. Antiretroviral Therapy617▲ 7.6×6 topics
  33. Ecological Knowledge617▲ 29×2 topics
  34. Land Management616▲ 36×2 topics
  35. Pastoralists614▲ 49×1 topic
  36. Rangeland Degradation614▲ 49×1 topic
  37. Breeding529▲ 14×5 topics
  38. Conflict524▲ 6.5×10 topics
  39. Genetic Improvement476▲ 11×4 topics
  40. Agricultural Sustainability475▲ 8.5×6 topics

Sudan

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology709▲ 2.0×135 topics
  2. Inflammation266▲ 1.42×83 topics
  3. Machine Learning258◆ 0.88×87 topics
  4. Climate Change240◆ 1.01×103 topics
  5. Public Health220▲ 1.72×58 topics
  6. Curriculum Development203▲ 3.4×17 topics
  7. Globalization201▲ 1.16×83 topics
  8. Treatment197▲ 1.85×51 topics
  9. Digital Learning195▲ 4.3×12 topics
  10. Diagnosis193▲ 2.4×41 topics
  11. Oxidative Stress178▲ 1.23×62 topics
  12. COVID-19176▲ 1.54×31 topics
  13. Antioxidant165▲ 2.7×51 topics
  14. Character Education164▲ 3.9×6 topics
  15. Educational Technology161▲ 1.55×37 topics
  16. Cardiovascular Disease158▲ 1.58×39 topics
  17. Immune Response152▲ 3.0×23 topics
  18. E-Learning150▲ 1.77×24 topics
  19. Online Learning149▲ 2.0×23 topics
  20. Pandemic148▲ 1.69×14 topics
  21. STEM Education146▲ 3.7×15 topics
  22. Local Wisdom143▲ 3.5×9 topics
  23. Mobile Learning143▲ 4.8×6 topics
  24. Diabetes142▲ 3.2×22 topics
  25. Genetic Diversity132▲ 3.5×21 topics
  26. Pathogenesis128▲ 2.9×24 topics
  27. Islamic Education126▲ 4.3×4 topics
  28. Vaccine125▲ 3.6×11 topics
  29. Antioxidant Activity124▲ 2.3×31 topics
  30. Global Burden115▲ 2.4×12 topics
  31. Media Literacy113▲ 2.4×5 topics
  32. Vaccine Development99▲ 4.4×11 topics
  33. Sustainable Agriculture95▲ 3.5×13 topics
  34. Drug Resistance95▲ 3.8×9 topics
  35. 21st Century Skills89▲ 3.5×6 topics
  36. Critical Thinking Skills82▲ 5.4×2 topics
  37. Teacher Performance76▲ 6.2×2 topics
  38. Conflict75▲ 5.3×8 topics
  39. Character Development74▲ 5.2×2 topics
  40. Climate Resilience62▲ 12×3 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Ethiopia has out-published Sudan every year since 1990, when it overtook it.

still counting5k10k15kEthiopia12k in 2025Sudan2,084 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.10%0.20%0.30%Ethiopia0.20% in 2025Sudan0.035% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Ethiopia13.8% in 2025Sudan8.8% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Ethiopia 05 level0 Sudan
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Ethiopia or Sudan?

Ethiopia publishes 5.7× as much research as Sudan in 2022-now (43k against 7.7k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Ethiopia or Sudan?

13.1% of Ethiopia's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 7.1% for Sudan.

Is Ethiopia or Sudan growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +36% against 2018-21 for Ethiopia, and +22% for Sudan.

Which has more open access research, Ethiopia or Sudan?

80% of Ethiopia's research is free to read, against 65% of Sudan's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Ethiopia or Sudan?

Ethiopia holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Sudan 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Ethiopia

  1. 1New Generation University College9.8% top 10% · 1k works
  2. 2Jimma University13.7% top 10% · 2.5k works
  3. 3University of Gondar17.8% top 10% · 3k works
  4. 4Bahir Dar University14.1% top 10% · 3k works
  5. 5Arba Minch University13.6% top 10% · 1.4k works
  6. 6Ministry of Education15.3% top 10% · 512 works

Sudan

  1. 1National University16.3% top 10% · 260 works
  2. 2University of Khartoum7.8% top 10% · 1.3k works
  3. 3Sudan Meteorological Authority7.3% top 10% · 720 works
  4. 4University of Gezira7.4% top 10% · 539 works
  5. 5Sudan University of Science and Technology6.8% top 10% · 573 works
  6. 6Al-Neelain University5.9% top 10% · 362 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Ethiopia

  1. 1 Hadush Negash Meles #16,043 worldwide 11k citations · 69 works
  2. 2 Addisu Dagnaw Melese #17,267 worldwide 59k citations · 72 works
  3. 3 Sofonias Kifle Tessema #19,123 worldwide 3.7k citations · 120 works
  4. 4 Semaw Ferede Abera #19,266 worldwide 118k citations · 94 works
  5. 5 Gebre Teklemariam Demoz #20,104 worldwide 74k citations · 71 works

Sudan

  1. 1 Ayman Ahmed #17,030 worldwide 35k citations · 288 works
  2. 2 Nouh Saad Mohamed #38,344 worldwide 35k citations · 192 works
  3. 3 Emmanuel Edwar Siddig #68,313 worldwide 30k citations · 300 works
  4. 4 Ahmed ElSayed #171,188 worldwide 5.3k citations · 55 works
  5. 5 Hytham K. S. Hamid #277,816 worldwide 2.5k citations · 139 works