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Nepal vs Sudan

On research quality in 2022-now, Nepal ranks #109 in the world and Sudan #110, of 189 countries. Nepal stands higher in 16 of the 21 fields both publish in, Sudan in 5.

Research profiles alike: 0.57similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Nepal

World rank, 2022-now
#109
#89 all time
Works, 2022-now
33k
fractional
Top-10% rate
4.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
76%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Drug Discovery, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, General Dentistry.

Sudan

World rank, 2022-now
#110
#114 all time
Works, 2022-now
7.7k
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
65%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Microbiology, Forestry, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Nepal leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, output, open access and growth. Sudan leads on 4 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work and international co-authorship. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Nepal 41 level4 Sudan
  1. #109Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#110
  2. 0.42×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.69×
  3. 33kOutputfractional works, 2022-now7.7k
  4. 4.8%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited7.1%
  5. 7.2Citations per workall time, per fractional work9.3
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 76%Open accessof its works free to read, all time65%
  8. 25%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time40%
  9. +54%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+22%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Nepal stands higher in 16 of 21 fields, Sudan in 5. Nepal leads most in Environmental Science (#84 against #104); Sudan leads most in Computer Science (#99 against #113). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Nepal 165 Sudan
  1. #89Agricultural and Biological Sciences#106
  2. #76Arts and Humanities-
  3. #82Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#76
  4. #103Business, Management and Accounting-
  5. #54Chemistry-
  6. #113Computer Science#99
  7. #62Decision Sciences-
  8. #56Dentistry-
  9. #64Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  10. #93Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
  11. #91Engineering#89
  12. #84Environmental Science#104
  13. #84Health Professions#79
  14. #65Immunology and Microbiology-
  15. #66Materials Science-
  16. #76Mathematics-
  17. #127Medicine#116
  18. #68Neuroscience-
  19. #62Nursing-
  20. #88Psychology-
  21. #124Social Sciences#127

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Nepal rankSudan rank Nepal top 10%Sudan top 10% Nepal worksSudan works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #89 #106 5.5% 5.4% 2.8k 782
Arts and Humanities #76 - 6.8% - 990 -
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #82 #76 4.9% 7.5% 1k 374
Business, Management and Accounting #103 - 4.8% - 1.4k -
Chemistry #54 - 9.4% - 245 -
Computer Science #113 #99 5.0% 7.8% 2k 446
Decision Sciences #62 - 4.9% - 458 -
Dentistry #56 - 2.3% - 386 -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #64 - 6.0% - 253 -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #93 - 3.9% - 1.2k -
Engineering #91 #89 4.5% 9.2% 3.1k 686
Environmental Science #84 #104 5.1% 6.3% 1.9k 315
Health Professions #84 #79 6.7% 10.5% 1.2k 274
Immunology and Microbiology #65 - 5.6% - 312 -
Materials Science #66 - 6.2% - 494 -
Mathematics #76 - 7.7% - 292 -
Medicine #127 #116 3.4% 5.4% 8.6k 2.2k
Neuroscience #68 - 5.0% - 233 -
Nursing #62 - 5.0% - 276 -
Psychology #88 - 5.3% - 1k -
Social Sciences #124 #127 6.1% 8.0% 4k 1k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Nepal

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology2,371▲ 1.61×135 topics
  2. Climate Change1,795▲ 1.78×118 topics
  3. Machine Learning1,547▲ 1.25×96 topics
  4. Deep Learning1,443◆ 1.13×85 topics
  5. Globalization1,274▲ 1.75×120 topics
  6. Sustainability1,243▲ 1.37×107 topics
  7. Education906▲ 1.42×107 topics
  8. COVID-19880▲ 1.83×31 topics
  9. Public Health754▲ 1.40×62 topics
  10. Treatment745▲ 1.65×52 topics
  11. Economic Growth711▲ 2.4×32 topics
  12. Environmental Impact703◆ 1.11×69 topics
  13. Quality of Life697▲ 1.30×57 topics
  14. Sustainable Development675▲ 1.16×94 topics
  15. Risk Factors662▲ 1.62×37 topics
  16. Diagnosis650▲ 1.88×41 topics
  17. Mental Health633▲ 1.19×45 topics
  18. Pandemic632▲ 1.72×13 topics
  19. Renewable Energy608◆ 1.13×55 topics
  20. Remote Sensing576▲ 1.27×42 topics
  21. Healthcare552▲ 1.31×38 topics
  22. Conflict544▲ 9.1×10 topics
  23. Cardiovascular Disease520▲ 1.23×39 topics
  24. Depression498▲ 1.53×25 topics
  25. Management494▲ 1.67×38 topics
  26. Food Security480▲ 2.4×22 topics
  27. Risk Management469▲ 2.7×17 topics
  28. Poverty416▲ 12×5 topics
  29. Social Inequality376▲ 3.8×11 topics
  30. IoT364▲ 2.6×19 topics
  31. Surgical Management362▲ 2.4×20 topics
  32. Maternal Mortality338▲ 4.1×5 topics
  33. Democratization326▲ 13×4 topics
  34. Identity Politics315▲ 18×3 topics
  35. Maoist Insurgency315▲ 161×1 topic
  36. Youth Employment315▲ 42×1 topic
  37. Community Health Workers245▲ 7.5×2 topics
  38. Health Inequalities239▲ 5.3×5 topics
  39. Child Mortality216▲ 8.1×1 topic
  40. Health Systems216▲ 8.1×1 topic

Sudan

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology709▲ 2.0×135 topics
  2. Inflammation266▲ 1.42×83 topics
  3. Machine Learning258◆ 0.88×87 topics
  4. Climate Change240◆ 1.01×103 topics
  5. Public Health220▲ 1.72×58 topics
  6. Curriculum Development203▲ 3.4×17 topics
  7. Globalization201▲ 1.16×83 topics
  8. Treatment197▲ 1.85×51 topics
  9. Digital Learning195▲ 4.3×12 topics
  10. Diagnosis193▲ 2.4×41 topics
  11. Oxidative Stress178▲ 1.23×62 topics
  12. COVID-19176▲ 1.54×31 topics
  13. Antioxidant165▲ 2.7×51 topics
  14. Character Education164▲ 3.9×6 topics
  15. Educational Technology161▲ 1.55×37 topics
  16. Cardiovascular Disease158▲ 1.58×39 topics
  17. Immune Response152▲ 3.0×23 topics
  18. E-Learning150▲ 1.77×24 topics
  19. Online Learning149▲ 2.0×23 topics
  20. Pandemic148▲ 1.69×14 topics
  21. STEM Education146▲ 3.7×15 topics
  22. Local Wisdom143▲ 3.5×9 topics
  23. Mobile Learning143▲ 4.8×6 topics
  24. Diabetes142▲ 3.2×22 topics
  25. Genetic Diversity132▲ 3.5×21 topics
  26. Pathogenesis128▲ 2.9×24 topics
  27. Islamic Education126▲ 4.3×4 topics
  28. Vaccine125▲ 3.6×11 topics
  29. Antioxidant Activity124▲ 2.3×31 topics
  30. Global Burden115▲ 2.4×12 topics
  31. Media Literacy113▲ 2.4×5 topics
  32. Vaccine Development99▲ 4.4×11 topics
  33. Sustainable Agriculture95▲ 3.5×13 topics
  34. Drug Resistance95▲ 3.8×9 topics
  35. 21st Century Skills89▲ 3.5×6 topics
  36. Critical Thinking Skills82▲ 5.4×2 topics
  37. Teacher Performance76▲ 6.2×2 topics
  38. Conflict75▲ 5.3×8 topics
  39. Character Development74▲ 5.2×2 topics
  40. Climate Resilience62▲ 12×3 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Nepal has out-published Sudan every year since 1993, when it overtook it.

still counting5k10kNepal9,772 in 2025Sudan2,084 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%0.60%Nepal0.17% in 2025Sudan0.035% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Sudan8.8% in 2025Nepal5.4% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Nepal 05 level0 Sudan
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Nepal or Sudan?

Nepal publishes 4.3× as much research as Sudan in 2022-now (33k against 7.7k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Nepal or Sudan?

7.1% of Sudan's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 4.8% for Nepal.

Is Nepal or Sudan growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +54% against 2018-21 for Nepal, and +22% for Sudan.

Which has more open access research, Nepal or Sudan?

76% of Nepal's research is free to read, against 65% of Sudan's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Nepal or Sudan?

Nepal holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Sudan 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Nepal

  1. 1Tribhuvan University4.7% top 10% · 16k works
  2. 2College of Medical Sciences4.8% top 10% · 558 works
  3. 3Nepal Development Research Institute8.8% top 10% · 409 works
  4. 4Pokhara University5.3% top 10% · 1.6k works
  5. 5Purbanchal University6.5% top 10% · 334 works
  6. 6Agriculture and Forestry University5.3% top 10% · 1.4k works

Sudan

  1. 1National University16.3% top 10% · 260 works
  2. 2University of Khartoum7.8% top 10% · 1.3k works
  3. 3Sudan Meteorological Authority7.3% top 10% · 720 works
  4. 4University of Gezira7.4% top 10% · 539 works
  5. 5Sudan University of Science and Technology6.8% top 10% · 573 works
  6. 6Al-Neelain University5.9% top 10% · 362 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Nepal

  1. 1 Meghnath Dhimal #20,212 worldwide 83k citations · 338 works
  2. 2 Arun Bhakta Shrestha #60,021 worldwide 17k citations · 187 works
  3. 3 Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal #65,202 worldwide 21k citations · 63 works
  4. 4 Krishna Kumar Aryal #72,386 worldwide 11k citations · 105 works
  5. 5 Santosh Nepal #88,994 worldwide 6.7k citations · 130 works

Sudan

  1. 1 Ayman Ahmed #17,030 worldwide 35k citations · 288 works
  2. 2 Nouh Saad Mohamed #38,344 worldwide 35k citations · 192 works
  3. 3 Emmanuel Edwar Siddig #68,313 worldwide 30k citations · 300 works
  4. 4 Ahmed ElSayed #171,188 worldwide 5.3k citations · 55 works
  5. 5 Hytham K. S. Hamid #277,816 worldwide 2.5k citations · 139 works