Gender Diversity and Inequality

Gender Diversity and Inequality is a research topic within Gender Studies. Science Explorer counts 30k research works in it since 1950. 10.3% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the impact of gender diversity, leadership, and board diversity on organizational performance, workplace bias, and the presence of a glass ceiling. It delves into topics such as stereotypes, corporate governance, team diversity, and inclusion in the context of gender diversity in organizations.

Gender Diversity
Leadership
Board Diversity
Workplace Bias
Organizational Performance
Team Diversity
Stereotypes
Corporate Governance
Inclusion
Glass Ceiling

Research works: 30k
In the world top 10%: 3k
Top-10% rate: 10.3%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25: +30%
Largest producer: United States

Gender Diversity and Inequality

Which countries lead Gender Diversity and Inequality research?

By volume, the United States and the United Kingdom publish the most (2k and 595 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

1 United States 2k works
2 United Kingdom 595 works
3 China 444 works
4 India 420 works
5 Germany 345 works
6 Australia 324 works
7 Canada 283 works
8 Indonesia 233 works
9 Spain 216 works
10 Italy 210 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States2,044 · 40.0%United Kingdom595 · 11.6%China444 · 8.7%India420 · 8.2%6 others listed1,611 · 31.5%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Gender Diversity and Inequality research?

By volume in 2022-now, University of South Africa publishes the most Gender Diversity and Inequality research, followed by University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and University of Johannesburg.

By volume, 2022-now

1 University of South AfricaSouth Africa 30 works
2 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 29 works
3 University of JohannesburgSouth Africa 29 works
4 University of TorontoCanada 27 works
5 Copenhagen Business SchoolDenmark 25 works
6 Monash UniversityAustralia 23 works
7 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 23 works
8 Pennsylvania State UniversityUnited States 22 works
9 University of MichiganUnited States 20 works
10 Australian National UniversityAustralia 20 works

Who are the leading researchers in Gender Diversity and Inequality?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Gender Diversity and Inequality include Albert Bandura, Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke.

1 Albert Bandura United States 370k citations
2 Virginia Braun New Zealand 286k citations
3 Victoria Clarke United Kingdom 285k citations
4 Peter M. Bentler United States 233k citations
5 Harlan M. Krumholz United States 217k citations
6 Michael C. Jensen United States 203k citations
7 David A. Kenny United States 198k citations
8 David F. Larcker United States 197k citations
9 Arnold B. Bakker Netherlands 189k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Gender Diversity and Inequality?

The most cited paper in Gender Diversity and Inequality is "Self-Reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects" (Philip M. Podsakoff, Dennis W. Organ, 1986), with 17,177 citations. Next come "The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior" (13,549) and "A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment" (10,993).

Most cited papers
#	Paper	Released	Citations
1	Self-Reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects Philip M. Podsakoff, Dennis W. Organ · Journal of Management	Dec 1986	17,177
2	The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior Henri Tajfel, John C. Turner · Political Psychology Book chapter	9 Jan 2004	13,549
3	A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment John P. Meyer, Natalie J. Allen · Human Resource Management Review	Mar 1991	10,993
4	Hegemonic Masculinity Raewyn W. Connell, James W. Messerschmidt · Gender & Society Open access	28 Oct 2005	9,224
5	Doing Gender Candace West, Don H. Zimmerman · Gender & Society	Jun 1987	8,858

All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Gender Diversity and Inequality research done?

The largest centres of Gender Diversity and Inequality research in 2022-now are London (United Kingdom), Beijing (China), New York (United States) and Melbourne (Australia).

Largest cities, 2022-now

1 LondonUnited Kingdom 129 works
2 BeijingChina 80 works
3 New YorkUnited States 78 works
4 MelbourneAustralia 73 works
5 PretoriaSouth Africa 60 works
6 Washington D.C.United States 60 works
7 IstanbulTürkiye 52 works
8 TorontoCanada 50 works
9 JohannesburgSouth Africa 49 works
10 SydneyAustralia 48 works

See Gender Diversity and Inequality on the map

Where is the best place to study Gender Diversity and Inequality?

Among universities, judged by research, Copenhagen Business School, Rice University and New York University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged

40%

Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share

10%

Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale

30%

Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%

10%

Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad

10%

Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.

#	University	Score	Top 10%	Specialisation	Works	Growth
1	Copenhagen Business SchoolDenmark	64.9	17.0%	21.8×	25	+27.5%
2	Rice UniversityUnited States	64.1	36.5%	7.0×	11	+3.4%
3	New York UniversityUnited States	64.0	23.0%	2.3×	18	+22.2%
4	Michigan State UniversityUnited States	62.2	22.5%	3.6×	18	+21.2%
5	University of TorontoCanada	61.9	13.2%	1.9×	27	+12.2%
6	Cornell UniversityUnited States	60.6	20.6%	1.8×	17	+23.4%
7	Stanford UniversityUnited States	60.5	18.7%	1.8×	19	+7.9%
8	Monash UniversityAustralia	60.4	15.3%	3.4×	23	+52.5%
9	University of HoustonUnited States	59.8	19.8%	7.5×	17	+84.7%
10	Brunel University of LondonUnited Kingdom	59.1	24.6%	11.8×	12	+52.9%
11	RMIT UniversityAustralia	58.7	18.2%	5.8×	16	+37.0%
12	University of South AfricaSouth Africa	57.7	6.8%	10.1×	30	+181.7%
13	Newcastle UniversityUnited Kingdom	57.6	25.8%	4.2×	14	+34.4%
14	University of JohannesburgSouth Africa	55.7	5.1%	6.6×	28	+52.3%
15	The University of QueenslandAustralia	55.2	15.3%	2.7×	18	+19.6%
16	University of ManchesterUnited Kingdom	55.1	17.9%	2.9×	17	+112.3%
17	Erasmus University RotterdamNetherlands	54.7	18.5%	3.4×	12	+17.8%
18	UNSW SydneyAustralia	54.6	25.2%	2.2×	14	+12.3%
19	Australian National UniversityAustralia	54.5	11.1%	5.5×	20	+54.9%
20	Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyUnited States	54.2	19.0%	2.7×	15	+32.7%
21	University of AucklandNew Zealand	53.9	18.0%	3.7×	14	+70.8%
22	University of Maryland, College ParkUnited States	53.8	17.6%	3.4×	14	+51.5%
23	University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States	52.9	4.5%	2.4×	29	+55.8%
24	Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChina	52.6	15.8%	2.2×	13	+170.6%
25	University of MichiganUnited States	52.4	17.9%	1.9×	20	-7.6%
26	Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamNetherlands	52.4	12.5%	5.0×	14	+94.7%
27	University of SouthamptonUnited Kingdom	52.3	24.5%	2.8×	10	+59.1%
28	University of VirginiaUnited States	52.1	20.6%	2.9×	13	+93.6%
29	City University of New YorkUnited States	51.2	10.7%	4.8×	18	+35.9%
30	King's College LondonUnited Kingdom	51.1	17.7%	2.1×	13	+64.0%
31	Duke UniversityUnited States	50.7	33.5%	1.4×	8	+33.8%
32	Radboud University NijmegenNetherlands	50.5	17.6%	3.6×	15	-8.0%
33	Pennsylvania State UniversityUnited States	50.2	13.7%	2.9×	22	-17.5%
34	University of Business and TechnologySaudi Arabia	49.7	20.3%	13.4×	9	-
35	Arizona State UniversityUnited States	49.6	10.4%	3.8×	17	+9.8%
36	Brock UniversityCanada	48.9	21.6%	10.8×	9	+136.1%
37	University of ExeterUnited Kingdom	48.5	24.2%	3.2×	10	-3.9%
38	Columbia UniversityUnited States	48.3	17.4%	1.8×	14	+15.9%
39	The University of Texas at AustinUnited States	47.7	11.9%	2.2×	13	+53.0%
40	Queensland University of TechnologyAustralia	47.0	16.9%	5.2×	12	+11.8%
41	Yale UniversityUnited States	46.7	25.2%	1.4×	11	-8.1%
42	Bocconi UniversityItaly	46.4	10.7%	15.0×	9	+200.2%
43	Western Sydney UniversityAustralia	46.0	31.4%	4.4×	8	+9.8%
44	University of GroningenNetherlands	44.5	26.6%	2.2×	10	-19.3%
45	University of Hong KongChina	43.5	15.3%	1.3×	8	+63.4%
46	University of St.GallenSwitzerland	42.4	14.8%	14.2×	10	-18.6%
47	Curtin UniversityAustralia	42.1	12.2%	4.8×	10	+101.1%
48	University of IcelandIceland	37.3	0.0%	12.6×	12	+47.8%
49	National University of SingaporeSingapore	36.5	9.1%	1.2×	10	+71.0%
50	Vienna University of Economics and BusinessAustria	35.4	14.6%	18.3×	10	-10.0%
51	Woodbury UniversityUnited States	34.8	9.2%	251.7×	10	+46.9%
52	University of Technology SydneyAustralia	21.9	3.1%	2.9×	9	-27.2%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Gender Diversity and Inequality, country by country

Is Gender Diversity and Inequality research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 30% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Gender Diversity and Inequality.

grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Gender Diversity and Inequality as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.035% in 2024.

Fractional works of Gender Diversity and Inequality over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Questions people ask

Who researches gender inequality?

By volume in 2022-now, University of South Africa publishes the most Gender Diversity and Inequality research, followed by University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and University of Johannesburg. By volume, the United States and the United Kingdom publish the most (2k and 595 works in 2022-now).

All 1,273 questions in the Question Catalogue

Discussion

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Which countries lead Gender Diversity and Inequality research?

By volume, 2022-now

How concentrated that is

Which institutions lead Gender Diversity and Inequality research?

By volume, 2022-now

Who are the leading researchers in Gender Diversity and Inequality?

What are the most cited papers in Gender Diversity and Inequality?

Where is Gender Diversity and Inequality research done?

Largest cities, 2022-now

Where is the best place to study Gender Diversity and Inequality?

Is Gender Diversity and Inequality research growing?

Its share of all research

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Which topics inside it are moving

Related research

Questions people ask

Who researches gender inequality?

Discussion