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International Student and Expatriate Challenges

International Student and Expatriate Challenges is a research topic within Communication. Science Explorer counts 19k research works in it since 1950. 10.4% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on intercultural management within multinational organizations, exploring topics such as intercultural competence, cultural intelligence, expatriate adjustment, cross-cultural training, and the impact of international experience on individuals and organizations. It also delves into the challenges and benefits associated with international students and study abroad programs in fostering cultural sensitivity and understanding. The research emphasizes the importance of effectively navigating language diversity and developing global leadership capabilities.

  • Intercultural Competence
  • Cultural Intelligence
  • International Students
  • Expatriate Adjustment
  • Cross-Cultural Training
  • Global Leadership
  • Language Diversity
  • Multinational Corporation
  • Cultural Sensitivity
  • Study Abroad Programs
Research works
19k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.4%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+21%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
30% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
International Student and Expatriate Challenges

Which countries lead International Student and Expatriate Challenges research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (974 and 709 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 974 works
  2. 2 China 709 works
  3. 3 United Kingdom 355 works
  4. 4 Indonesia 217 works
  5. 5 Australia 206 works
  6. 6 Türkiye 188 works
  7. 7 Germany 181 works
  8. 8 Japan 166 works
  9. 9 Canada 160 works
  10. 10 Malaysia 143 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 29.5%China: 21.5%United Kingdom: 10.7%Indonesia: 6.6%6 others listed: 31.7%30%largest
United States974 · 29.5%China709 · 21.5%United Kingdom355 · 10.7%Indonesia217 · 6.6%6 others listed1,046 · 31.7%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead International Student and Expatriate Challenges research?

By volume in 2022-now, University of Manchester publishes the most International Student and Expatriate Challenges research, followed by Purdue University West Lafayette and Beijing Normal University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 University of ManchesterUnited Kingdom 24 works
  2. 2 Purdue University West LafayetteUnited States 23 works
  3. 3 Beijing Normal UniversityChina 23 works
  4. 4 Anglia Ruskin UniversityUnited Kingdom 22 works
  5. 5 The University of SydneyAustralia 20 works
  6. 6 Monash UniversityAustralia 20 works
  7. 7 University College LondonUnited Kingdom 19 works
  8. 8 University of Hong KongChina 18 works
  9. 9 Education University of Hong KongChina 17 works
  10. 10 University of EdinburghUnited Kingdom 15 works

Who are the leading researchers in International Student and Expatriate Challenges?

The most-cited researchers publishing on International Student and Expatriate Challenges include Michael E. Porter, Richard P. Bagozzi and Jin Li.

  1. 1 Michael E. Porter United States 165k citations
  2. 2 Richard P. Bagozzi United States 148k citations
  3. 3 Jin Li China 132k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in International Student and Expatriate Challenges?

The most cited paper in International Student and Expatriate Challenges is "Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation" (Hazel Rose Markus, Shinobu Kitayama, 1991), with 21,129 citations. Next come "Immigration, Acculturation, and Adaptation" (7,597) and "Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context" (7,167).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation Hazel Rose Markus, Shinobu Kitayama · Psychological Review Apr 1991 21,129
2 Immigration, Acculturation, and Adaptation John W. Berry · Applied Psychology 1997 7,597
3 Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context Geert H. Hofstede · Online Readings in Psychology and Culture Open access Dec 2011 7,167
4 Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures John W. Berry · International Journal of Intercultural Relations 18 Oct 2005 3,640
5 The Measurement of Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals Theodore M. Singelis · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Oct 1994 3,620
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is International Student and Expatriate Challenges research done?

The largest centres of International Student and Expatriate Challenges research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Melbourne (Australia), London (United Kingdom) and Shanghai (China).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 110 works
  2. 2 MelbourneAustralia 60 works
  3. 3 LondonUnited Kingdom 59 works
  4. 4 ShanghaiChina 56 works
  5. 5 TokyoJapan 55 works
  6. 6 MoscowRussia 45 works
  7. 7 Hong KongChina 42 works
  8. 8 SydneyAustralia 40 works
  9. 9 Kuala LumpurMalaysia 40 works
  10. 10 BangkokThailand 39 works
See International Student and Expatriate Challenges on the map

Where is the best place to study International Student and Expatriate Challenges?

Among universities, judged by research, Education University of Hong Kong, University of Manchester and University of Hong Kong score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 24.88%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Education University…Chinese University o…University of Hong K…University of Manche…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Education University of Hong KongChina 80.831.6%25.5×17 +57.7%
2University of ManchesterUnited Kingdom 74.920.4%6.2×24 +224.8%
3University of Hong KongChina 74.327.2%4.1×18 +14.9%
4Chinese University of Hong KongChina 71.130.3%4.2×14 +61.4%
5Aalto UniversityFinland 64.432.9%5.8×8 +94.6%
6University College LondonUnited Kingdom 63.817.7%2.5×19 +34.9%
7Purdue University West LafayetteUnited States 62.015.8%5.3×23 +16.1%
8The University of SydneyAustralia 60.59.9%3.6×20 +109.0%
9University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 59.931.8%1.5×10 +94.2%
10University of GroningenNetherlands 58.831.2%3.0×10 +18.3%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in International Student and Expatriate Challenges, country by country

Is International Student and Expatriate Challenges research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 21% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are International Student and Expatriate Challenges.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is International Student and Expatriate Challenges as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.020% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%International Student and Expatriate Challenges0.024% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of International Student and Expatriate Challenges over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%International Student and Expatriate Challenges10.8% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Discussion

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