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Topic · Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies

Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies is a research topic within Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health. Science Explorer counts 50k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the effects of prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on neurodevelopment, teratogenicity, cognitive function, bone health, and oxidative stress. It also explores the impact of maternal epilepsy on fetal development and the association with neurodevelopmental disorders and malformations.

  • Antiepileptic Drugs
  • Prenatal Exposure
  • Teratogenicity
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Cognitive Function
  • Malformations
  • Bone Health
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Maternal Epilepsy
  • Fetal Development
Research works
50k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
5k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-2%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
34% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (1.5k and 721 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 1.5k works
  2. 2 China 721 works
  3. 3 India 548 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom 307 works
  5. 5 Japan 274 works
  6. 6 Germany 259 works
  7. 7 Türkiye 247 works
  8. 8 Italy 198 works
  9. 9 France 186 works
  10. 10 Brazil 170 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 34.1%China: 16.3%India: 12.4%United Kingdom: 7.0%6 others listed: 30.2%34%largest
United States1,504 · 34.1%China721 · 16.3%India548 · 12.4%United Kingdom307 · 7.0%6 others listed1,335 · 30.2%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies research, followed by All India Institute of Medical Sciences and University College London.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 58 works
  2. 2 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 44 works
  3. 3 University College LondonUnited Kingdom 44 works
  4. 4 Sichuan UniversityChina 35 works
  5. 5 Mayo ClinicUnited States 29 works
  6. 6 University of TorontoCanada 29 works
  7. 7 InsermFrance 28 works
  8. 8 Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 26 works
  9. 9 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 24 works
  10. 10 Capital Medical UniversityChina 23 works

Who are the leading researchers in Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies include Simon Iain Hay, Theo Vos and George Davey Smith.

  1. 1 Simon Iain Hay United States 452k citations
  2. 2 Theo Vos United States 439k citations
  3. 3 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  4. 4 John J.V. McMurray United Kingdom 349k citations
  5. 5 Cyrus Cooper United Kingdom 342k citations
  6. 6 Valery L. Feigin New Zealand 341k citations
  7. 7 Giuseppe Remuzzi Italy 328k citations
  8. 8 Graeme J. Hankey Australia 316k citations
  9. 9 Gordon Henry Guyatt Canada 315k citations
  10. 10 Gregory Y.H. Lip United Kingdom 311k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies?

The most cited paper in Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies is "ILAE Official Report: A practical clinical definition of epilepsy" (Robert S. Fisher, Carlos Alberto Acevedo, Alexis A. Arzimanoglou et al., 2014), with 6,110 citations. Next come "Early Identification of Refractory Epilepsy" (5,229) and "ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology" (5,051).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 ILAE Official Report: A practical clinical definition of epilepsy Robert S. Fisher, Carlos Alberto Acevedo, Alexis A. Arzimanoglou et al. · Epilepsia Open access Apr 2014 6,110
2 Early Identification of Refractory Epilepsy Patrick Kwan, Martin J. Brodie · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 3 Feb 2000 5,229
3 ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology Ingrid Eileen Scheffer, Samuel Frank Berkovic, Giuseppe Capovilla et al. · Epilepsia Open access 8 Mar 2017 5,051
4 Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: Consensus proposal by the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies Patrick Kwan, Alexis A. Arzimanoglou, Anne T. Berg et al. · Epilepsia 3 Nov 2009 4,888
5 An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures Olof Johnell, John A. Kanis · Osteoporosis International 15 Sep 2006 4,765
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies research done?

The largest centres of Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies research in 2022-now are London (United Kingdom), Beijing (China), Tokyo (Japan) and New York (United States).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 LondonUnited Kingdom 112 works
  2. 2 BeijingChina 89 works
  3. 3 TokyoJapan 80 works
  4. 4 New YorkUnited States 73 works
  5. 5 ParisFrance 69 works
  6. 6 SeoulSouth Korea 65 works
  7. 7 IstanbulTürkiye 61 works
  8. 8 New DelhiIndia 59 works
  9. 9 BostonUnited States 56 works
  10. 10 MelbourneAustralia 55 works
See Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies on the map

Where is the best place to study Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies?

Among universities, judged by research, University College London, Harvard University and Karolinska Institutet score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 18.31%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Karolinska InstitutetSichuan UniversityUniversity College L…Harvard University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University College LondonUnited Kingdom 72.715.3%4.5×44 +2.4%
2Harvard UniversityUnited States 65.911.5%3.0×58 -1.7%
3Karolinska InstitutetSweden 61.522.2%4.4×15 -2.3%
4Sichuan UniversityChina 59.715.9%2.6×35 +22.1%
5Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 59.016.0%2.8×26 +16.3%
6Monash UniversityAustralia 58.818.6%2.7×16 +18.2%
7Aarhus UniversityDenmark 56.229.9%2.1×11 +1.8%
8University of TorontoCanada 53.313.7%2.3×28 -11.4%
9University of BergenNorway 52.522.0%4.6×9 +79.3%
10University of PittsburghUnited States 51.418.0%3.1×15 +42.2%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies, country by country

Is Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 2% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2021.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.031% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies0.028% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies10.3% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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