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Ghana vs Philippines

On research quality in 2022-now, Ghana ranks #58 in the world and the Philippines #68, of 189 countries. Ghana stands higher in 14 of the 22 fields both publish in, the Philippines in 8.

Research profiles alike: 0.85very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Ghana

World rank, 2022-now
#58
#68 all time
Works, 2022-now
27k
fractional
Top-10% rate
10.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
65%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Library and Information Sciences, Horticulture, Research and Theory.

Philippines

World rank, 2022-now
#68
#60 all time
Works, 2022-now
56k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
64%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Leadership and Management, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Research and Theory.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Ghana leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work and international co-authorship. The Philippines leads on 2 of 9 measures: output and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100 and open access.

Ghana 52 level2 Philippines
  1. #58Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#68
  2. 1.00×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.49×
  3. 27kOutputfractional works, 2022-now56k
  4. 10.8%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited5.8%
  5. 12.1Citations per workall time, per fractional work7.6
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 65%Open accessof its works free to read, all time64%
  8. 33%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time20%
  9. +42%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+102%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Ghana stands higher in 14 of 22 fields, Philippines in 8. Ghana leads most in Immunology and Microbiology (#40 against #57); The Philippines leads most in Computer Science (#53 against #62). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Ghana 148 Philippines
  1. #43Agricultural and Biological Sciences#65
  2. #55Arts and Humanities#54
  3. #61Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#73
  4. #46Business, Management and Accounting#70
  5. -Chemistry#57
  6. #62Computer Science#53
  7. #45Decision Sciences#54
  8. #58Earth and Planetary Sciences#61
  9. #41Economics, Econometrics and Finance#66
  10. #57Energy#65
  11. #72Engineering#73
  12. #52Environmental Science#77
  13. #42Health Professions#59
  14. #40Immunology and Microbiology#57
  15. #70Materials Science#67
  16. #60Mathematics#62
  17. #58Medicine#74
  18. -Neuroscience#45
  19. #40Nursing#50
  20. -Physics and Astronomy#65
  21. #58Psychology#57
  22. #59Social Sciences#53

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Ghana rankPhilippines rank Ghana top 10%Philippines top 10% Ghana worksPhilippines works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #43 #65 11.0% 4.7% 2.3k 3.8k
Arts and Humanities #55 #54 11.5% 7.9% 746 1.9k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #61 #73 9.3% 4.3% 637 1.3k
Business, Management and Accounting #46 #70 12.9% 4.6% 2.3k 3.2k
Chemistry - #57 - 3.9% - 344
Computer Science #62 #53 10.8% 6.6% 1.4k 5.8k
Decision Sciences #45 #54 9.5% 4.7% 458 934
Earth and Planetary Sciences #58 #61 11.4% 4.4% 207 476
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #41 #66 13.1% 6.5% 1.6k 1.4k
Energy #57 #65 9.8% 4.4% 235 263
Engineering #72 #73 8.0% 3.3% 1.7k 4.3k
Environmental Science #52 #77 9.1% 4.0% 1.9k 3.2k
Health Professions #42 #59 13.2% 7.5% 1.1k 1.9k
Immunology and Microbiology #40 #57 12.1% 4.7% 295 287
Materials Science #70 #67 7.5% 4.4% 206 523
Mathematics #60 #62 11.1% 8.4% 277 619
Medicine #58 #74 10.1% 4.8% 4.3k 5.9k
Neuroscience - #45 - 4.5% - 361
Nursing #40 #50 11.6% 3.2% 396 367
Physics and Astronomy - #65 - 6.7% - 279
Psychology #58 #57 8.7% 4.2% 1k 3.7k
Social Sciences #59 #53 11.6% 7.7% 5k 15k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Ghana

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology1,614▲ 1.30×136 topics
  2. Sustainability1,476▲ 1.93×109 topics
  3. Climate Change1,179▲ 1.39×111 topics
  4. Globalization1,054▲ 1.72×132 topics
  5. Environmental Impact932▲ 1.75×67 topics
  6. Renewable Energy815▲ 1.80×53 topics
  7. Sustainable Development808▲ 1.65×89 topics
  8. Education786▲ 1.46×101 topics
  9. Economic Growth786▲ 3.1×34 topics
  10. Social Capital700▲ 4.3×21 topics
  11. Public Health690▲ 1.52×65 topics
  12. Mental Health661▲ 1.48×43 topics
  13. Risk Management650▲ 4.4×18 topics
  14. Supply Chain Management597▲ 2.1×26 topics
  15. Maternal Mortality544▲ 7.8×5 topics
  16. Corporate Governance529▲ 2.3×27 topics
  17. Poverty Reduction517▲ 13×7 topics
  18. Consumer Behavior514▲ 2.6×18 topics
  19. Community Health Workers479▲ 17×2 topics
  20. Biodiversity Conservation456▲ 3.9×17 topics
  21. Health Inequalities456▲ 12×5 topics
  22. Urbanization456▲ 3.6×13 topics
  23. Child Development449▲ 3.5×8 topics
  24. Leadership447▲ 2.9×35 topics
  25. Socio-economic Factors435▲ 12×3 topics
  26. Child Mortality432▲ 19×1 topic
  27. Health Systems432▲ 19×1 topic
  28. Smallholder Farmers429▲ 6.5×6 topics
  29. Social Networks417▲ 4.9×13 topics
  30. Governance412▲ 4.0×15 topics
  31. Development397▲ 3.6×19 topics
  32. Sustainable Agriculture395▲ 4.1×15 topics
  33. Gender Inequality381▲ 8.8×6 topics
  34. Global Burden of Disease372▲ 4.8×4 topics
  35. Poverty Alleviation372▲ 12×3 topics
  36. Vulnerability370▲ 5.1×8 topics
  37. ICT305▲ 7.3×5 topics
  38. Maternal and Child Undernutrition305▲ 12×1 topic
  39. Water Sanitation Hygiene305▲ 12×1 topic
  40. Institutional Quality302▲ 9.2×3 topics

Philippines

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Educational Technology4,628▲ 5.5×47 topics
  2. E-Learning3,697▲ 5.4×27 topics
  3. Technology Integration3,446▲ 15×12 topics
  4. Education3,106▲ 2.5×152 topics
  5. Machine Learning3,005▲ 1.26×96 topics
  6. Online Learning2,867▲ 4.8×27 topics
  7. Globalization2,845▲ 2.0×172 topics
  8. Sustainability2,665▲ 1.52×135 topics
  9. Mental Health1,973▲ 1.93×48 topics
  10. Mobile Learning1,780▲ 7.3×6 topics
  11. Sustainable Development1,666▲ 1.49×110 topics
  12. Artificial Intelligence1,622▲ 1.59×66 topics
  13. Student Satisfaction1,621▲ 12×4 topics
  14. Teacher Professional Development1,551▲ 13×5 topics
  15. Inclusive Education1,550▲ 6.0×20 topics
  16. Student Engagement1,547▲ 5.4×17 topics
  17. Digital Transformation1,537▲ 4.0×32 topics
  18. Professional Development1,514▲ 10×15 topics
  19. Online Education1,393▲ 10×7 topics
  20. Higher Education1,319▲ 3.5×34 topics
  21. Teacher Perception1,245▲ 16×2 topics
  22. Google Classroom1,242▲ 17×1 topic
  23. Virtual Classroom1,242▲ 17×1 topic
  24. Distance Learning1,203▲ 4.8×14 topics
  25. Health Education1,148▲ 3.7×11 topics
  26. Teaching Strategies1,146▲ 5.7×7 topics
  27. Social Capital1,136▲ 3.1×21 topics
  28. Leadership1,135▲ 3.2×41 topics
  29. Motivation1,133▲ 3.8×12 topics
  30. Biogeography1,123▲ 5.6×20 topics
  31. STEM Education1,082▲ 3.3×16 topics
  32. Lifelong Learning1,067▲ 7.2×11 topics
  33. Job Satisfaction1,053▲ 3.3×15 topics
  34. 21st Century Skills1,012▲ 4.9×6 topics
  35. Self-Efficacy888▲ 4.8×11 topics
  36. Microlearning810▲ 50×1 topic
  37. Phylogeny798▲ 6.7×17 topics
  38. Academic Achievement778▲ 6.3×10 topics
  39. Taxonomy766▲ 7.4×15 topics
  40. Educational Leadership723▲ 8.0×4 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

The Philippines has out-published Ghana every year since 1984, when it overtook it.

still counting10k20kPhilippines18k in 2025Ghana7,317 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%Philippines0.31% in 2025Ghana0.12% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Ghana11.1% in 2025Philippines5.6% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Ghana 03 level2 Philippines
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0001
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#48

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Ghana or Philippines?

The Philippines publishes 2.1× as much research as Ghana in 2022-now (56k against 27k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Ghana or Philippines?

10.8% of Ghana's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.8% for the Philippines.

Is Ghana or Philippines growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +102% against 2018-21 for the Philippines, and +42% for Ghana.

Which has more open access research, Ghana or Philippines?

65% of Ghana's research is free to read, against 64% of the Philippines's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Ghana or Philippines?

Ghana holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and the Philippines 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 1.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Ghana

  1. 1University of Ghana11.0% top 10% · 5.3k works
  2. 2University of Cape Coast12.8% top 10% · 2.8k works
  3. 3Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology10.8% top 10% · 4.5k works
  4. 4University for Development Studies11.1% top 10% · 1.9k works
  5. 5University of Education, Winneba8.0% top 10% · 1.4k works
  6. 6Takoradi Technical University13.8% top 10% · 404 works

Philippines

  1. 1Northwestern University11.9% top 10% · 850 works
  2. 2De La Salle University6.5% top 10% · 2.6k works
  3. 3Cebu Technological University7.8% top 10% · 927 works
  4. 4Bulacan State University4.7% top 10% · 693 works
  5. 5Caraga State University4.7% top 10% · 721 works
  6. 6University of Mindanao6.9% top 10% · 1.1k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Ghana

  1. 1 Richard Gyan Aboagye #22,347 worldwide 39k citations · 250 works
  2. 2 Emmanuel Joel Aikins Abakah #27,882 worldwide 4.7k citations · 132 works
  3. 3 Martin Amogre Ayanore #33,207 worldwide 54k citations · 181 works
  4. 4 Robert Kokou Dowou #33,244 worldwide 25k citations · 109 works
  5. 5 Hubert Amu #37,771 worldwide 49k citations · 190 works

Philippines

  1. 1 Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito #10,461 worldwide 72k citations · 102 works
  2. 2 Jason Villota Chavez #12,774 worldwide 1.5k citations · 67 works
  3. 3 Liane Peña Alampay #24,239 worldwide 7.2k citations · 141 works
  4. 4 Reggie C. Pantig #27,163 worldwide 2.2k citations · 119 works
  5. 5 Nese Sreenivasulu #33,746 worldwide 13k citations · 242 works