Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria

Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria is a research topic within Molecular Medicine. Science Explorer counts 59k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the global challenge of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, particularly the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, the role of ESKAPE pathogens, the mechanisms of carbapenemases and plasmid-mediated resistance, the impact of efflux pumps, and the prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases. It also covers the epidemiology and molecular biology of specific resistant bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii.

Antibiotic Resistance
Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
ESKAPE Pathogens
Carbapenemases
Plasmid-Mediated Resistance
Efflux Pumps
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes
Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamases
Acinetobacter baumannii

Research works: 59k
In the world top 10%: 5.8k
Top-10% rate: 9.9%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25: +16%
Largest producer: China

Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria

Which countries lead Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (2.6k and 1.8k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

1 China 2.6k works
2 United States 1.8k works
3 India 1.2k works
4 United Kingdom 493 works
5 France 467 works
6 Italy 425 works
7 Brazil 404 works
8 Spain 384 works
9 Iran 384 works
10 Iraq 343 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China2,647 · 30.9%United States1,835 · 21.4%India1,197 · 14.0%United Kingdom493 · 5.7%6 others listed2,406 · 28.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria research?

By volume in 2022-now, Zhejiang University publishes the most Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria research, followed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Chinese Academy of Sciences.

By volume, 2022-now

1 Zhejiang UniversityChina 121 works
2 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 77 works
3 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 76 works
4 InsermFrance 62 works
5 Fudan UniversityChina 61 works
6 Islamic Azad University, TehranIran 60 works
7 Sichuan UniversityChina 58 works
8 Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina 57 works
9 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 50 works
10 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 49 works

Who are the leading researchers in Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria include Christopher J L Murray, Eric S. Lander and Rob Knight.

1 Christopher J L Murray United States 583k citations
2 Eric S. Lander United States 524k citations
3 Rob Knight United States 468k citations
4 Simon Iain Hay United States 452k citations
5 Ali H. Mokdad United States 429k citations
6 Peer Bork Germany 396k citations
7 Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta Pakistan 371k citations
8 Hermann Brenner Germany 343k citations
9 Shizuo Akira Japan 342k citations
10 Jun Wang China 340k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria?

The most cited paper in Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria is "Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance" (Anna-Pelagia Magiorakos, Arjun Srinivasan, Roberta B. Carey et al., 2011), with 14,554 citations. Next come "Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing" (8,250) and "Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis" (6,293).

Most cited papers
#	Paper	Released	Citations
1	Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance Anna-Pelagia Magiorakos, Arjun Srinivasan, Roberta B. Carey et al. · Clinical Microbiology and Infection Open access	7 May 2011	14,554
2	Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing Fred C. Tenover, R D Arbeit, Richard Vernon Goering et al. · Journal of Clinical Microbiology Open access	Sep 1995	8,250
3	Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis Evelina Tacconelli et al. · The Lancet Infectious Diseases Open access	21 Dec 2017	6,293
4	Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance JULIAN E. DAVIES, Dorothy Davies · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews ReviewOpen access	30 Aug 2010	5,866
5	Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study Yiyun Liu, Yang Wang, Timothy Rutland Walsh et al. · The Lancet Infectious Diseases	18 Nov 2015	5,509

All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria research done?

The largest centres of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Hangzhou (China) and Paris (France). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in North Liberty.

Largest cities, 2022-now

1 BeijingChina 392 works
2 ShanghaiChina 199 works
3 HangzhouChina 196 works
4 ParisFrance 189 works
5 GuangzhouChina 183 works
6 LondonUnited Kingdom 138 works
7 TehranIran 131 works
8 MadridSpain 122 works
9 BaghdadIraq 118 works
10 SeoulSouth Korea 115 works

Where it is the local speciality

North LibertyUS · 37.8 works323×

← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria than the world average.

See Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria on the map

Where is the best place to study Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria?

Among universities, judged by research, Zhejiang University, Qassim University and University of Ghana score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged

40%

Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share

10%

Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale

30%

Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%

10%

Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad

10%

Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.

#	University	Score	Top 10%	Specialisation	Works	Growth
1	Zhejiang UniversityChina	65.5	14.6%	3.6×	121	+35.7%
2	Qassim UniversitySaudi Arabia	63.5	38.3%	2.7×	9	+162.6%
3	University of GhanaGhana	62.5	26.3%	6.8×	22	+149.3%
4	Yangzhou UniversityChina	58.4	15.9%	6.9×	47	+90.9%
5	University of OxfordUnited Kingdom	56.5	18.6%	2.4×	42	-0.3%
6	Tongji UniversityChina	55.2	18.8%	1.5×	28	+42.4%
7	Fudan UniversityChina	53.0	11.1%	3.1×	61	+52.6%
8	Uppsala UniversitySweden	52.5	18.5%	3.2×	22	+3.5%
9	London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineUnited Kingdom	52.1	14.6%	8.5×	17	+4.2%
10	City University of Hong KongChina	51.8	17.5%	1.9×	14	+103.2%
11	Sichuan UniversityChina	51.7	14.0%	2.0×	58	+35.9%
12	Nanjing Agricultural UniversityChina	50.5	20.6%	4.1×	20	+72.6%
13	Peking UniversityChina	50.1	17.8%	1.4×	36	+26.2%
14	University of CopenhagenDenmark	49.9	14.6%	2.4×	28	+5.5%
15	Technical University of DenmarkDenmark	49.2	16.7%	2.2×	14	+3.1%
16	Harvard UniversityUnited States	49.0	17.1%	0.9×	35	-26.8%
17	Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States	48.1	15.6%	1.7×	32	+4.0%
18	Vellore Institute of Technology UniversityIndia	48.0	24.3%	1.6×	19	+213.2%
19	Université Paris CitéFrance	47.6	14.6%	3.4×	32	+9.2%
20	Wenzhou Medical UniversityChina	47.5	8.4%	7.6×	48	+87.1%
21	Tsinghua UniversityChina	47.5	19.5%	0.8×	23	+32.1%
22	Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina	47.4	11.0%	1.3×	47	+37.1%
23	The University of QueenslandAustralia	47.4	16.6%	2.9×	35	-22.4%
24	University of FribourgSwitzerland	46.8	14.4%	7.0×	13	+54.7%
25	University of Hong KongChina	46.6	22.8%	1.2×	14	-5.6%
26	University of BolognaItaly	46.5	15.6%	2.1×	22	+31.8%
27	King Saud UniversitySaudi Arabia	46.3	12.1%	2.0×	25	+23.5%
28	University of LiverpoolUnited Kingdom	46.2	14.8%	2.8×	20	+27.3%
29	Mansoura UniversityEgypt	46.1	9.4%	5.3×	30	+32.3%
30	Mahidol UniversityThailand	46.0	6.3%	6.1×	37	+39.1%
31	University of GondarEthiopia	46.0	20.0%	6.7×	12	+123.7%
32	Monash UniversityAustralia	45.9	18.5%	2.3×	28	-18.5%
33	National University of SingaporeSingapore	45.9	15.5%	1.4×	21	+11.1%
34	University of TurinItaly	45.7	20.9%	2.4×	16	+45.8%
35	University of GenevaSwitzerland	45.0	15.9%	2.9×	15	+4.5%
36	Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina	44.9	10.1%	2.7×	36	+91.8%
37	Emory UniversityUnited States	44.9	11.0%	2.5×	26	+8.3%
38	China Agricultural UniversityChina	44.9	20.8%	3.5×	24	-15.5%
39	Huazhong Agricultural UniversityChina	44.5	16.9%	4.3×	18	+44.4%
40	University of OtagoNew Zealand	44.3	20.5%	2.7×	10	+58.1%
41	Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChina	44.0	15.0%	1.4×	15	+13.9%
42	McMaster UniversityCanada	44.0	21.8%	2.0×	14	-25.8%
43	All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia	42.9	5.4%	3.6×	50	+18.6%
44	University of Technology SydneyAustralia	42.5	25.6%	1.6×	9	-5.1%
45	ETH ZurichSwitzerland	42.5	22.7%	1.0×	9	+5.6%
46	Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityBangladesh	39.6	8.7%	9.5×	11	+40.7%
47	University of BaghdadIraq	38.4	0.9%	5.1×	45	+238.9%
48	Islamic Azad University, TehranIran	36.9	8.0%	2.9×	60	-32.2%
49	Hangzhou Medical CollegeChina	35.3	10.8%	8.9×	10	+93.4%
50	King Faisal UniversitySaudi Arabia	34.8	12.7%	2.6×	8	+79.3%
51	University of CalgaryCanada	33.7	22.7%	1.0×	8	-16.5%
52	United Arab Emirates UniversityUnited Arab Emirates	33.5	11.2%	2.8×	8	+226.7%
53	University of KufaIraq	33.2	0.1%	9.8×	24	+160.1%
54	Muhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesTanzania	31.4	2.1%	15.0×	8	+103.0%
55	Université Joseph Ki-ZerboBurkina Faso	31.0	3.0%	13.8×	10	+167.1%
56	University of DiyalaIraq	30.6	0.4%	12.9×	19	+1037.4%
57	University of Veterinary MedicineHungary	30.5	3.9%	12.9×	10	+313.9%
58	Chinese University of Hong KongChina	30.4	9.5%	0.9×	8	+17.2%
59	University of Al-QadisiyahIraq	29.6	0.3%	9.3×	18	+113.1%
60	Karolinska InstitutetSweden	28.6	11.3%	1.8×	12	-21.1%
61	Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesIran	22.9	3.9%	8.0×	9	+6.2%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria, country by country

Is Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 16% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria.

grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.057% in 2024.

Fractional works of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Questions people ask

Where is antibiotic resistance research done?

Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria is a research topic within Molecular Medicine. Science Explorer counts 59k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

All 1,273 questions in the Question Catalogue

Discussion

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Which countries lead Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria research?

By volume, 2022-now

How concentrated that is

Which institutions lead Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria research?

By volume, 2022-now

Who are the leading researchers in Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria?

What are the most cited papers in Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria?

Where is Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria research done?

Largest cities, 2022-now

Where it is the local speciality

Where is the best place to study Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria?

Is Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria research growing?

Its share of all research

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Which topics inside it are moving

Related research

Questions people ask

Where is antibiotic resistance research done?

Discussion