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Topic · Immunology

Immunotoxicology and immune responses

Immunotoxicology and immune responses is a research topic within Immunology. Science Explorer counts 8.9k research works in it since 1950. 10.2% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the study of immunotoxicology within the field of toxicologic pathology, covering topics such as histopathological evaluation, developmental immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and the effects of various compounds on the immune system. It also explores the assessment of immunotoxic potential, cytokine production, and the impact of environmental factors on immune dysfunction.

  • Histopathology
  • Immunotoxicity
  • Toxicology
  • Developmental Immunotoxicity
  • Pathology Evaluation
  • Immune System
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Bone Marrow
  • Lymphoid Organs
  • Cytokine Production
Research works
8.9k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
910
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.2%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+16%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
33% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Immunotoxicology and immune responses

Which countries lead Immunotoxicology and immune responses research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (287 and 139 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 287 works
  2. 2 China 139 works
  3. 3 India 117 works
  4. 4 Russia 74 works
  5. 5 Germany 59 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 47 works
  7. 7 Nigeria 44 works
  8. 8 Egypt 38 works
  9. 9 Japan 35 works
  10. 10 France 35 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 32.8%China: 15.9%India: 13.3%Russia: 8.4%6 others listed: 29.5%33%largest
United States287 · 32.8%China139 · 15.9%India117 · 13.3%Russia74 · 8.4%6 others listed258 · 29.5%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Immunotoxicology and immune responses research?

By volume in 2022-now, Russian Academy of Sciences publishes the most Immunotoxicology and immune responses research, followed by National Institutes of Health and University of Milan.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 13 works
  2. 2 National Institutes of HealthUnited States 10 works
  3. 3 University of MilanItaly 7 works
  4. 4 Charles River Laboratories (United States)United States 6 works
  5. 5 Zagazig UniversityEgypt 6 works
  6. 6 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 6 works
  7. 7 Harvard UniversityUnited States 5 works
  8. 8 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 5 works
  9. 9 University of BaghdadIraq 5 works
  10. 10 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 5 works

What are the most cited papers in Immunotoxicology and immune responses?

The most cited paper in Immunotoxicology and immune responses is "SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies" (Carlijn R. Hooijmans, Maroeska Mariet Rovers, Rob BM de Vries et al., 2014), with 4,374 citations. Next come "A rapid method for the isolation of functional thymus‐derived murine lymphocytes" (4,167) and "Some new, simple and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis" (2,964).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies Carlijn R. Hooijmans, Maroeska Mariet Rovers, Rob BM de Vries et al. · BMC Medical Research Methodology Open access 25 Mar 2014 4,374
2 A rapid method for the isolation of functional thymus‐derived murine lymphocytes Michael H. Julius, Elizabeth Simpson, L A Herzenberg · European Journal of Immunology Oct 1973 4,167
3 Some new, simple and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis H. J. G. Gundersen, Thomas Fichtner Bendtsen, Lise Korbo et al. · Apmis 1988 2,964
4 The methodological quality assessment tools for preclinical and clinical studies, systematic review and meta‐analysis, and clinical practice guideline: a systematic review Xian‐Tao Zeng, Yonggang Zhang, Joey S.W. Kwong et al. · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine Review 16 Jan 2015 2,137
5 Microdroplet Assay of Human Serum Cytotoxins Paul I. Terasaki, John D. McClelland · Nature Dec 1964 2,078
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Immunotoxicology and immune responses research done?

The largest centres of Immunotoxicology and immune responses research in 2022-now are Moscow (Russia), Beijing (China), Seoul (South Korea) and London (United Kingdom).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 MoscowRussia 29 works
  2. 2 BeijingChina 22 works
  3. 3 SeoulSouth Korea 15 works
  4. 4 LondonUnited Kingdom 13 works
  5. 5 New YorkUnited States 13 works
  6. 6 TokyoJapan 11 works
  7. 7 New DelhiIndia 11 works
  8. 8 Washington D.C.United States 10 works
  9. 9 GuangzhouChina 10 works
  10. 10 ParisFrance 9 works
See Immunotoxicology and immune responses on the map

Is Immunotoxicology and immune responses research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 16% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Immunotoxicology and immune responses.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Immunotoxicology and immune responses as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0043% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Immunotoxicology and immune responses0.0064% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Immunotoxicology and immune responses over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Immunotoxicology and immune responses10.4% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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