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Topic · Immunology

Immunotherapy and Immune Responses

Immunotherapy and Immune Responses is a research topic within Immunology. Science Explorer counts 90k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the immunobiology of dendritic cells, their role in antigen presentation, modulation of immunity, and their potential applications in cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development. The research covers topics such as dendritic cell subsets, tumor antigen presentation, immune tolerance, and the use of adjuvants to enhance immune responses.

  • Dendritic Cells
  • Immunity
  • Cancer Immunotherapy
  • Antigen Presentation
  • Tumor Antigen
  • Vaccine Adjuvants
  • T Cell Immunity
  • Cross-Presentation
  • Innate Immunity
  • Therapeutic Vaccines
Research works
90k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
9k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+11%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
36% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Immunotherapy and Immune Responses

Which countries lead Immunotherapy and Immune Responses research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (4.1k and 3.6k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 4.1k works
  2. 2 China 3.6k works
  3. 3 Germany 667 works
  4. 4 Japan 567 works
  5. 5 India 486 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 465 works
  7. 7 France 453 works
  8. 8 Italy 366 works
  9. 9 South Korea 331 works
  10. 10 Spain 287 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 36.1%China: 31.9%Germany: 5.9%Japan: 5.0%6 others listed: 21.1%36%largest
United States4,086 · 36.1%China3,616 · 31.9%Germany667 · 5.9%Japan567 · 5.0%6 others listed2,387 · 21.1%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Immunotherapy and Immune Responses research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Immunotherapy and Immune Responses research, followed by National Institutes of Health and Sun Yat-sen University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 226 works
  2. 2 National Institutes of HealthUnited States 148 works
  3. 3 Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 126 works
  4. 4 Sichuan UniversityChina 113 works
  5. 5 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 111 works
  6. 6 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 107 works
  7. 7 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUnited States 103 works
  8. 8 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina 93 works
  9. 9 InsermFrance 84 works
  10. 10 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 84 works

Who are the leading researchers in Immunotherapy and Immune Responses?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Immunotherapy and Immune Responses include Eric S. Lander, Mark J. Daly and Stacey L. Gabriel.

  1. 1 Eric S. Lander United States 524k citations
  2. 2 Mark J. Daly United States 403k citations
  3. 3 Stacey L. Gabriel United States 402k citations
  4. 4 Robert John Tibshirani United States 396k citations
  5. 5 Guido Kroemer France 386k citations
  6. 6 Bert Vogelstein United States 373k citations
  7. 7 Gad A. Getz United States 364k citations
  8. 8 Elaine R. Mardis United States 346k citations
  9. 9 Hermann Brenner Germany 343k citations
  10. 10 Shizuo Akira Japan 342k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Immunotherapy and Immune Responses?

The most cited paper in Immunotherapy and Immune Responses is "PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer" (Andreas Daniel Hartkopf, Florin‐Andrei Taran, Markus Wallwiener et al., 2016), with 30,915 citations. Next come "Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma" (15,337) and "Dendritic cells and the control of immunity" (14,440).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer Andreas Daniel Hartkopf, Florin‐Andrei Taran, Markus Wallwiener et al. · Breast Care Open access 2016 30,915
2 Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Frank Stephen Hodi et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 5 Jun 2010 15,337
3 Dendritic cells and the control of immunity Jacques Banchereau, Ralph M. Steinman · Nature Mar 1998 14,440
4 Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti–PD-1 Antibody in Cancer Suzanne Louise Topalian et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 14 Jun 2012 12,842
5 Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells Muhammad Al‐Hajj, Max S. Wicha, Adalberto Benito‐Hernández et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 10 Mar 2003 10,455
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Immunotherapy and Immune Responses research done?

The largest centres of Immunotherapy and Immune Responses research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Guangzhou (China) and New York (United States). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Kirov.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 488 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 350 works
  3. 3 GuangzhouChina 287 works
  4. 4 New YorkUnited States 216 works
  5. 5 ParisFrance 208 works
  6. 6 NanjingChina 189 works
  7. 7 HangzhouChina 184 works
  8. 8 SeoulSouth Korea 175 works
  9. 9 BostonUnited States 170 works
  10. 10 LondonUnited Kingdom 169 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. KirovRU · 27.9 works29×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Immunotherapy and Immune Responses than the world average.

See Immunotherapy and Immune Responses on the map

Where is the best place to study Immunotherapy and Immune Responses?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Sichuan University score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 18.05%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Massachusetts Instit…Sichuan UniversityHarvard UniversitySun Yat-sen University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 70.016.2%5.6×226 -6.6%
2Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUnited States 65.522.1%3.3×29 +18.5%
3Sichuan UniversityChina 64.819.5%4.0×113 +67.8%
4Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 61.314.8%4.8×126 +57.4%
5Rockefeller UniversityUnited States 61.322.0%12.2×10 +10.9%
6Oncode InstituteNetherlands 61.020.3%49.9×18 +13.1%
7University of MacauChina 58.123.7%2.6×10 +57.4%
8Cornell UniversityUnited States 58.014.4%3.7×62 +16.1%
9Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina 57.813.5%6.9×93 +59.2%
10Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 57.214.0%3.0×107 +64.2%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Immunotherapy and Immune Responses, country by country

Is Immunotherapy and Immune Responses research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 11% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2022. The fastest-growing topics are Immunotherapy and Immune Responses.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Immunotherapy and Immune Responses as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.059% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%0.15%Immunotherapy and Immune Responses0.058% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Immunotherapy and Immune Responses over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Immunotherapy and Immune Responses9.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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